UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD

Foundation of Control
Systems
Matlab Programming
AWABULLAH SYED
12/4/2020

Name: Awabullah M. Syed

Student Number: 2002 000 33

Module Code: ACS 6101

Module Assessor: Dr Viktor Fedun

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Question 1
%Author: Awabullah M Syed
%Student ID: 2002 000 33
%Date Completed: 10 November 2020

Question 1 - Matrix Selection

Code
%***************************Question 1*****************************************************%
%Code Description / Purpose:
%This code allows the user to select either matrix M1 or
%M2 and then perform relevant operation. Relevant operation includes
%finding eigenvalues (D) and eigenvectors(V &W) of the selected matrix
%if the determinant is nonzero, otherwise displays that the determinant
%is 0. The code also guards against poor user input including the use
%of invalied notation.
clear
clc
M1 = [-2 -4.1 2 3; -2 1.1 2 3.3;4.1 2 5 8.1; 1 3 2.2 1.5]; %Adds matrix M1
M2 = [1 3 9 2; 5 8 4 3; 10 16 8 6; 2 3 1 8]; %Adds matrix M2
y = [-1 2 -2 4]'; %Adds vector y
disp('Matrix M1 is'); disp(M1) %User will be displayed matrix M1
disp('Matrix M2 is'); disp(M2) %User will be displayed matrix M2
% Ask user to select M1 or M2 %
A = input('Please select either matrix "M1" or "M2"');
if A == M1 | A == M2 %guards against any poor input integer i.e. 3 or i
if det(A) ~= 0 %Determinant of A is nonzero (not zero)
%Eigenvector
[V,D,W] = eig(A); %V = right eigenvectors & W is left eigenvectors
disp('The right eigenvector is'); disp(V) %A*V = V*D
disp('The left eigenvector is'); disp(W) %W*A = D*W
%Eigenvalues
a = diag(D); %Taking the diagonal of D - Eigenvalues
disp('Eigenvalues of the selected matrix are');disp(a) %Eigenvalues
%Solution x to the equation Ax = y
x = A\y;
disp('The solution x to the equation Ax = y is'); disp(x) %x matrix
else %if the determinant of the selected matrix is 0
disp('The Determinant of the selected matrix is zero')%Informs user
end
else %Guards against poor input
disp('Please select a valid matrices or use correct notation "M1" or "M2"')
end

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Output
User Input = M1 (Matrix)
Matrix M1 is
-2.0000 -4.1000 2.0000 3.0000
-2.0000 1.1000 2.0000 3.3000
4.1000 2.0000 5.0000 8.1000
1.0000 3.0000 2.2000 1.5000
Ma trix M2 is
1 3 9 2
5 8 4 3
10 16 8 6
2 3 1 8
The right eigenvector is
0.1327 -0.5711 -0.8371 0.1333
0.3097 0.6342 -0.4381 0.0020
0.8691 -0.4541 0.2289 -0.8104
0.3621 0.2558 0.2343 0.5705
The left eigenvector is
0.2105 -0.5149 -0.6547 0.3066
0.2900 0.8320 -0.6288 -0.2855
0.5608 -0.1676 0.1630 -0.3019
0.7464 -0.1206 0.3867 0.8564
Eigenvalues of the selected matrix are
9.7134
2.7999
-5.5320
-1.3812
The solution x to the equation Ax = y is
-0.7381
0.6578
2.2121
-1.4012
User Input = M2 (Matrix)
Matrix M1 is
-2.0000 -4.1000 2.0000 3.0000
-2.0000 1.1000 2.0000 3.3000
4.1000 2.0000 5.0000 8.1000
1.0000 3.0000 2.2000 1.5000
Ma trix M2 is
1 3 9 2
5 8 4 3
10 16 8 6
2 3 1 8
The Determinant of the selected matrix is zero
Poor User Input = ‘6’
Selecting user input of 6 as an example
Please select a valid matrix or use correct notation "M1" or "M2"

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Question 2
Question 2 - HIRES Reaction Problem
Code

%********************************Question 2************************************************%
%Code Description / Purpose:
%The following code models the HIRES reaction problem using ODE45
%and ODE15s. The code outputs two Figures; one & two. Figure 1 compares
%the result of ODE45 with ODE15s while Figure 2 plots first hundred
%points of ODE45 and ODE15
% HIRES Function %
function xdot = HIRES(t,x)
xdot=zeros(8,1);
xdot = [-1.71*x(1) + 0.43*x(2) + 8.32*x(3) + 0.007;
1.71*x(1) - 8.75*x(2);
-10.03*x(3) + 0.43*x(4) + 0.035*x(5);
8.32*x(2) + 1.71*x(3) - 1.12*x(4);
-1.745*x(5) + 0.43*x(6) + 0.43*x(7);
-280*x(6)*x(8) + 0.69*x(4) + 1.71*x(5) - 0.43*x(6) + 0.69*x(7);
280*x(6)*x(8) - 1.81*x(7);
-280*x(6)*x(8) + 1.81*x(7);];
end
clear
clc
% Initial Conditions %
x(1)=1; x(2)=0; x(3)=0; x(4)=0; x(5)=0; x(6)=0; x(7)=0; x(8)=0.0057;
ic = [x(1) x(2) x(3) x(4) x(5) x(6) x(7) x(8)];
t0 = 0; %Initial Time
tf = 300; %Final Time
opts = odeset('RelTol', 1e-3,'AbsTol',1e-6); %Options argument
% ODE45 %
% Solution using ODE45 Function with time interval: 0 - 300 seconds
tic %Tic toc starting point for ode45
%x_45 & t_45 is used to differentiate between ode45 & ode15
[t_45,x_45] = ode45(@HIRES,[t0 tf],ic,opts);
execution_time45 = toc; %Execution time of ODE45
disp(['The execution time for ODE45 is ',num2str(execution_time45)])
% ODE15s %
tic %Tic toc starting point for ode15s
[t_15,x_15] = ode15s(@HIRES,[t0 tf],ic,opts);
execution_time15 = toc; %Execution time of
ODE15s
disp(['The execution time for ODE15s is ', num2str(execution_time15)])

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% Plotting ODE45 & ODE15s (Figure 1) %
figure(1);
set(gcf,'Units','Normalized','OuterPosition',[0 0 0.5 1]); %Figure positioning
set(gcf,'Toolbar','none','Menu','none'); %Making Figure 1 fullscreen
% Plotting ODE45 in first half of Figure 1
subplot(2,1,1);
semilogx(t_45,x_45) %Logarithmic x-axis of ODE45
title({('ODE_4_5')...
['\fontsize{9} {\color{blue}Execution Speed: '...
num2str(execution_time45),', RelTol: 1e-3,'...
',AbsTol: 1e-6}']
})
xlabel('time $(seconds)$','interpreter','latex','FontSize',10);
ylabel('Concentration $(mol/dm^3)$','interpreter','latex','FontSize',10)
legend('x1','x2','x3','x4','x5','x6','x7','x8','Location','northeast')
% Plotting ODE15s in second half of Figure 1
subplot(2,1,2);
semilogx(t_15,x_15) %Logarithmic x-axis of ODE15s
title({('ODE_1_5')...
['\fontsize{9} {\color{blue}Execution Speed:'...
num2str(execution_time15),', RelTol: 1e-3'...
', AbsTol: 1e-6}']
})
xlabel('time $(seconds)$','interpreter','latex','FontSize',10);
ylabel('Concentration $(mol/dm^3)$','interpreter','latex','FontSize',10)
legend('x1','x2','x3','x4','x5','x6','x7','x8','Location','northeast')

% Second Figure %
figure(2);
k=1;
while k<9
subplot(8,1,k);
plot(t_45(1:100,:),x_45(1:100,k),'k.'); hold on
plot(t_15(1:100,:),x_15(1:100,k),'g');
xlabel('time $(seconds)
$','interpreter','latex','FontSize',5); ylabel('Conc
$(mol/dm^3)$','interpreter','latex','FontSize',5)
legend('ODE_4_5','ODE_1_5_s','Location','northeast')
title ({['First 100 Points of x'
num2str(k)]}) k = k + 1;
end
set(gcf,'Units','Normalized','OuterPosition',[0.5 0 0.5 1]);
set(gcf,'Toolbar','none','Menu','none');

Output
Execution Time of ODE45 and ODE15s (Tic Toc)
The execution time for ODE45 is 1.032

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The execution time for ODE15s is 0.02049

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Figure 1 – Using HIRES function to plot ODE45 and ODE15s over a time interval of 0 to 300s

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Figure 2 - Eight subplot of first 100 points of data from ODE45 and ODE15s