MySQL for Developers
SQL-4501 Release 2.2
D61830GC10
Edition 1.0
Day 3
• Stored Procedures / Functions
• Triggers
• Events
Stored Routines
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
What is a Stored Routine?
• Set of SQL statements that can be stored in server
• Types
- Stored procedures
• A procedure is invoked using a call statement, and can only pass
back values using output variables
- Stored functions
• A function can be called from inside a statement and can return a
scalar value
Stored Routines What is a Stored Routine?
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Creating Procedures
drop procedure if exists display_emp_info;
delimiter $
CREATE PROCEDURE display_emp_info(p_id integer)
BEGIN
Select ename, salary
from emp
where id = p_id;
END$
delimiter ;
Stored Routines Creating Stored Routines
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Invoking Procedure
Call display_emp_info(1);
Stored Routines Creating Stored Routines
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Creating Function
drop function if exists tax;
delimiter $
CREATE FUNCTION tax(p_id integer)
RETURNS int(11)
BEGIN
RETURN p_id * 0.1 ;
END$
delimiter ;
Stored Routines Creating Stored Routines
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Invoking Function
Select Tax (1000);
Select Tax(Salary) from emp;
Stored Routines Creating Stored Routines
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Creating Function
drop function if exists thank_you;
delimiter $
CREATE FUNCTION thank_you(p_name char(50))
RETURNS char(100)
BEGIN
RETURN CONCAT('Thank You, ',p_name,'!');
END$
delimiter ;
Stored Routines Creating Stored Routines
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Invoking Function
Select thank_you(name) from emp;
Stored Routines Creating Stored Routines
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Compound statements
drop procedure if exists multitask;
delimiter $
CREATE procedure multitask()
BEGIN
select * from emp;
select * from dept;
call display_emp_info(1);
select tax(salary) from emp;
Select thank_you(name) from emp;
END$
delimiter ;
Stored Routines Creating Stored Routines
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Declaring Variables
DELIMITER //
CREATE FUNCTION add_tax (total_charge FLOAT(9,2))
RETURNS FLOAT(10,2)
BEGIN
DECLARE tax_rate FLOAT (3,2) DEFAULT 0.07;
RETURN total_charge + total_charge * tax_rate;
END//
DELIMITER ;
Stored Routines Assign Variables
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Assign Variables (SELECT ... INTO / SET)
CREATE procedure display_dept_name(p_id integer)
BEGIN
Declare v_dno integer;
Declare v_name varchar(50);
SET v_name = (select ename
from emp
where id = p_id);
select deptno
into v_dno
from emp
where id = p_id;
/* print*/
select thank_you(v_name);
select dname from dept where deptno = v_dno;
END$
delimiter ;
Stored Routines Assign Variables
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Examine Stored Routines
• SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE / FUNCTION
- MySQL specific
- Returns exact code string
• SHOW PROCEDURE / FUNCTION STATUS
- MySQL specific
- Returns characteristics of routines
• INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES
- Standard SQL
- Returns a combination of the SHOW commands
Stored Routines Examine Stored Routines
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Delete Stored Routines
• DROP PROCEDURE
DROP PROCEDURE [IF EXISTS] procedure_name;
- Example
DROP PROCEDURE proc_1;
• DROP FUNCTION
DROP FUNCTION [IF EXISTS] function_name;
- Example
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS func_1;
Stored Routines Delete Stored Routines
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Flow Control Statements
• Statements and constructs that control order of
operation execution
• Common flow controls
- Choices
• IF and CASE
– Loops
• REPEAT, WHILE and LOOP
Stored Routines Flow Control Statements
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
IF
- The most basic of all choice flow controls or
conditional constructs
IF (test condition) THEN
ELSEIF (test condition) THEN
ELSE
END IF
Stored Routines Flow Control Statements
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
CASE
• CASE provides a means of developing complex
conditional constructs
• CASE works on the principle of comparing a given
value with specified constants and acting upon the
first constant that is matched
CASE case_value CASE
WHEN value THEN WHEN test_condition THEN
ELSE OR ELSE
END CASE END CASE
Stored Routines Flow Control Statements
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
REPEAT
• The REPEAT statement repeats the statements
between the REPEAT and UNTIL keywords until
the condition after the UNTIL keyword becomes
TRUE
• A REPEAT loop always iterates at least once
• Optional Labels my_label: REPEAT
- Begin
- End UNTIL test_condition
END REPEAT my_label;
Stored Routines Flow Control Statements
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
WHILE
• WHILE repeats the statements between the DO
and END WHILE keywords as long as the
condition appearing after the WHILE keyword
remains TRUE
• A WHILE loop may never iterate (if the condition is
initially FALSE)
my_label: WHILE test_condition
DO
END WHILE my_label;
Stored Routines Flow Control Statements
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
LOOP
• The statements between the LOOP and END LOOP
keywords are repeated.
• The loop must be explicitly exited, and usually this
is accomplished with a LEAVE statement.
• A valid label must appear after the LEAVE
keyword.
my_label: LOOP
LEAVE my_label;
END LOOP my_label;
Stored Routines Flow Control Statements
Triggers
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
What Are Triggers?
• Named database objects
• Activated when table data is modified
• Bring a level of power and security to table data
• Trigger scenario using the world database
- What would you do after changing the Country table code
column?
- Since the code is stored in all three world database tables, it
is best to change all 3 at once
- A trigger can accomplish this task
• Trigger features
Triggers What are Triggers?
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Creating Triggers
• Syntax
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
{ BEFORE | AFTER }
{ INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE }
ON table_name
FOR EACH ROW
triggered_statement
Triggers What are Triggers?
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
create table deleted_emp like emp;
CREATE TRIGGER emp_deletion_log
AFTER DELETE ON emp
FOR EACH ROW
INSERT INTO Deleted_emp (ID, eName)
VALUES (OLD.ID, OLD.eName);
To test the trigger
delete from emp where id = 6;
select * from deleted_emp;
Stored Routines Creating Stored Routines
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
Delete Triggers
• DROP TRIGGER
DROP TRIGGER trigger_name;
DROP TRIGGER schema_name.trigger_name;
If you drop a table,
the triggers are automatically
dropped also.
Triggers Delete Triggers
Events
MySQL® for Developers | © MySQL AB 2009
CREATE EVENT delete_changes
ON SCHEDULE EVERY 48 HOUR
DO
DELETE FROM changes;
Make sure that event scheduler variable is ON
select @@global.event_scheduler;
set @@global.event_scheduler =1;
Stored Routines Creating Stored Routines
GUI Tools
OSD 45
