Part Ni Janmar
Part Ni Janmar
Table of Contents
1 INPUTS
The Planning Process Group describes the procedures that define and refine the objectives,
as well as develop the course of action required to achieve those objectives. The Planning Process
Group processes create the components of the project management plan as well as the project
documents used to carry out the project. For extensive analysis, the nature of a project may
necessitate the use of repeated feedback loops. Through the will almost certainly be required as
more project information or characteristics are gathered and understood. Significant changes that
occur during the project life cycle may necessitate revisiting one or more of the planning processes,
as well as one or both plans to utilize. Progressive elaboration refers to the ongoing refinement of
the project management plan, indicating that planning and documentation are iterative or ongoing
activities. The main advantage of this Process Group is that it defines the plan of action for
While planning the project and developing the project management plan and project
documents, the project management team solicits input and encourages participation from relevant
stakeholders. The approved version of the project management plan is considered a baseline once
the initial planning effort is completed. The Monitoring and Controlling processes compare project
See in Section 1. Develop Project Management Plan is the process of defining, preparing,
and coordinating all plan components and consolidating them into an integrated project
management plan. The key benefit of this process is the production of a comprehensive document
that defines the basis of all project work and how the work will be performed.
Used to define, prepare, and coordinate all subsidiary activities or plans and integrate them
into a comprehensive project management plan. The primary advantage of this process is the
creation of a centralized document that serves as the basis for all decisions.
The purpose of constructing a scope management plan outlining how the project and
product scopes will be described, validated, and controlled This process's main advantage is that
it provides leadership and advice on how context will be outlined in the following sections. This
procedure is carried out only once or at predetermined points throughout the proposal.
Recognizing the task objectives is the most important step because it helps to identify and
estimate the project's budget. The range management plan, that also defines the entire project, is
written. The project scope would include the project requirements as well as the design constraints.
It includes all assumptions being made for the project's successful completion as guided by the
program manager.
The Quality Management Plan specifies how the project's quality will be managed. It includes
the objectives, standards, roles, and responsibilities, as well as the control procedures. It is part of
INITIATING
CLOSING
PLANNING
MONITORING &
CONTROLLING EXECUTING
The first phase of the project life cycle is all about starting a project with your team and
the client and getting their commitment to begin the project. You compile all available information
in a systematic manner to define the project's scope, cost, and resources. The goal of the initiation
phase is to take a project's (sometimes vague) brief and understand what the project needs to do
After receiving approval to proceed in the initiation phase, you can begin project planning.
This is arguably the most critical project phase in the life cycle.
Planning is where you define all the work to be done and create the roadmap that you
Finally get to execute on your awesome project plan. You bring your resources onboard,
brief them, set the ground rules, and introduce them to one another. After that, everyone jumps in
B. DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
“The method used to create and evolve the product, service, or result during the project life
cycle, such as predictive, iterative, incremental, agile, or a hybrid method.” -Project Management
Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® GUIDE) – Sixth Edition,
Project Management Institute, Inc., 2017. In a very successful project plan, developing an approach in
COLECT REQUIREMENTS
The process of identifying, describing, and having to manage stakeholder needs and
requirements to achieve goals? The main advantage of this process is that it serves as the
The key benefit of this process is that it provides the basis for defining and managing the
The process of creating a comprehensive description of the project and product. The main
advantage of this method is that it defines the limits and understanding of the product, service, or
result.
This part of the project will provide a roadmap that managers can use to assign tasks,
schedule work and budget appropriately; helps focus team members on common objectives; and.
prevents projects, particularly complex ones, from expanding beyond the established vision.
CREATE WBS
DEFINE ACTIVITIES
SEQUENCE ACTIVITIES
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DEVELOP SCHEDULE
ESTIMATE COST
DETERMINING BUDGET
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PLAN RISK MANAGEMENT
The process of outlining how to carry out risk management tasks for a project is known as plan
risk management. The main advantage of this method is that it makes sure that risk management
is applied in a manner that is proportionate to the risks involved and to how important the project
is to the company and other stakeholders. This procedure is carried out once or at predetermined
project milestones.
The process of plan risk management ought to start as soon as a project is conceptualized and
ought to be finished early on. Later in the project life cycle, such as at a large phase change, if the
effectiveness shows that the Project Risk Management process needs adjustment, it can be required
Determine how to carry out risk management operations for a project by creating a plan for risk
management project. This procedure's main advantage is that it makes sure that risk's level, nature,
and visibility are all considered. Management are in line with the risks and the project's
Which project management plan elements and which resources are used depends on the project's
1. Identify the risk - Being aware of potential project risks doesn't have to spell doom for
your company. The exact opposite. The process of identifying hazards is one that your
entire team can benefit from and enjoy. Utilize the expertise and knowledge of your entire
team as a whole. Everyone should be asked to name any risks they have knowledge about
communication.
2. Analyze the risk - When your team has identified some potential issues, further
investigation is necessary. How probable are these dangers to materialize? What effects, if
In order to choose where to focus first, your team will analyze the likelihood and
consequences of each risk throughout this step. Accurate risk analysis depends on a number
of factors, including the severity of the impact, time lost, and the possibility of financial
loss to the company. By carefully examining each risk, you can identify any problems that
frequently arise throughout a project and improve the risk management procedure moving
forward.
3. Prioritize the risk - Prioritization now starts. Ranking each risk takes into account both its
propensity to occur and its possible impact on the project. This step reveals the project's
overall picture to you and identifies the areas on which the team should concentrate its
efforts. Most significantly, it will assist you in determining practical answers to each
danger. In this manner, the project itself won't experience any severe delays or interruptions
Although it is impossible to predict every risk, the earlier steps in your risk management
process should have prepared you for success. Assign your team the duty of either resolving
or at the very least reducing each risk such that it no longer poses a threat to the project,
starting with the risk that has the highest priority. Utilizing your team's resources
effectively while keeping the project on track is another aspect of effectively managing and
mitigating risk. As time passes and you create a bigger database of previous projects and
associated risk logs, you'll be able to predict potential dangers and take a proactive rather
5. Monitor the risk - The continual monitoring of possible dangers requires effective
communication between your staff and stakeholders. Keeping track of those moving targets
ceases to be a risky endeavor once your risk management strategy and its accompanying
project risk register are in place, even though it may occasionally feel like you're herding
cats.
The process of creating options, choosing methods, and deciding on actions to handle both the
overall project risk exposure and specific project hazards is known as "planning risk responses."
This process' main advantage is that it shows how to effectively address both general project risk
Additionally, this procedure allots resources and adds activities as necessary to project
Although different businesses have different methods for handling change requests, these five
phases are typically the very minimum necessary as part of the process:
1. Collect all the relevant supporting documentation - All pertinent documents describing
the change that is needed and any supporting materials that can strengthen the case for the
change request should be gathered in order to determine whether the change is a high
priority or even essential at all. The request should explain why the change is necessary
and what advantages it will bring about, such as better customer service, a product
improvement, etc.
2. Decide whether it is inside or outside of scope - It should be decided whether the change
falls within or beyond the project's scope before any work is done to move it ahead. The
amount of the budget and the amount of effort required should be considered while making
this choice.
3. Prioritize the change request - The analysis of the change's importance is a crucial next
step. Is it absolutely necessary for the company, or is it more of a nice-to-have? How much
does the firm gain from this? There can be more adjustment requests; in that case, you'll
need to choose which is more crucial and has to be carried out first.
4. Approve/reject the change request - You should now be able to decide whether to
approve or reject the request using all of the data and analysis from the preceding steps.
The change request team should have the power to accept or reject the change if there is
one and it is only a minor one. The proper budget owner or executive may need to approve
5. Plan the implementation - If it is decided to deny the request, the requester should be
notified and the rejection rationale should be stated. The next stage is to put the necessary
plans in place to implement the modification if it is approved. The tasks will then be
assigned to the appropriate team or resources. Without a productive system in place, it can
be quite difficult to fulfill all necessary activities during the lengthy end-to-end
administration of change requests. But there are sophisticated digital options out today, and
the process will be much simpler and more effective if you use a change request
management platform. The process will incorporate all of the aforementioned actions as
Request
the pool with cost $25, 000 and the fence a further
Proposed Action Accept the change and the cost associated with
Yes
Approved By N/A
The three project management limitations, cost, time, and scope, are the main topics of project
updates. A good project manager is aware that altering one of these factors affects the other two.
The impact of these adjustments on the project as a whole will be shown in the current project
plan.
Making Project Plan updates
The project manager will regularly record time worked once a project plan has been approved, a
baseline has been established, and the project is moving forward. How up-to-date the team wants
the plan to be determines how frequently this occurs. Weekly time updates are normal, however
Getting the team on board with the strategy to track their time spent on what can be a difficult
The project manager should also use this opportunity to update the resources section of the project
calendar. Review and adjust team availability, vacations, and leave as necessary.
It is also necessary to check the timetables for other resources. Materials' anticipated arrival dates
and the availability of outside resources have an impact on the project if they are delayed or
UPDATING COSTS - Costs are subject to change, particularly for lengthy projects.
Changes in material costs, internal employee promotions that enhance hourly pay, and
adjustments to external contractors all have the potential to raise contract rates.
As soon as these cost changes are known, the project plan should be updated, and any large
SCOPE - Of course, any modifications to the project's scope should be made to the plan
as soon as they are recognized and practical. Before accepting any scope adjustments, a
number of "what if" scenarios will probably have been run, depending on the tools the
project manager uses to maintain the plan. This is the most effective technique to ascertain,
before actually authorizing the changes, how scope alterations would affect the project
schedule and costs. It is wise to have a "set point" in the project plan for scope
modifications. Update the plan's time worked and any recent cost changes first. As the
current set point, save this plan. This is a useful technique to follow in case the project
manager needs to go back to an earlier plan. After adding the scope modifications and
making any necessary adjustments to other sections, create a new project plan and save it
MANAGER TIME SCHEDULE - The project manager can lessen the strain on their own
schedule by setting aside times to update the project plan. An example of a project
- Thursday: Compile the total number of hours worked since Monday to estimate the
- Friday: Add up the hours worked that week. calendars of available resources (staff)
- Monday: Update Friday time estimates to reflect actual work. Schedules for materials,
supplies, and other non-person resources should be reviewed and updated. Run reports
The project manager can benefit from scheduling administrative work by doing so in the
following ways:
- Dispenses with the requirement for rushing updates to satisfy reporting requirements
- Enables the project plan to always be a reliable source of information on the status of
the project.
have their finger on the project's pulse. The organized project manager establishes authority as the
one who is aware of the project's status by having a current project plan in their possession.
A sound procurement strategy always creates opportunities for cost, time, and effort savings that
guarantees that everyone knows exactly what is happening at each stage, from the beginning to the
end.
submitting a bid through the procurement process. For future reference, it is important
to compare and analyze elements such net present value analysis, capital budgeting,
- PROJECT SCHEDULING - A task, its start date, end date, and budget are all clearly
stated in the project schedule. The work must be divided into distinct tasks for various
service providers.
in ensuring that the vendors' work is satisfactory. Techniques for vendor control should
be included in a plan that explicitly states the declaration of results and references.
with is essential after putting up the vendor control measures. You can decide whether
they meet your requirements based on their prior work, the descriptions of the project
the process work smoothly are specified in a procurement management plan. It outlines
the responsibilities and limitations of project managers, technical managers, contract
- RISK MANAGEMENT - The risk factor is always significant when working with
several parties. Each project should have a risk profile in a procurement management
strategy that includes the risk level, risk tolerance, amount of details, contracts, policies,
and reviews.
procurement management plan. It serves to link the project together and inform
various future restrictions and presumptions into account. It could comprise normative
As you can observe, these are the set of components required to finalize the plan.
Procurement Strategy
A solid procurement plan will reduce mistakes, identify areas for cost savings, get rid of erratic
spending, and guarantee policy compliance. The following are the nine essential steps to
Bid Documents
PS&E Submittal
For the majority of projects, it is advised that the local government submits the PS&E at various
stages, reflecting the 30 percent, 60 percent, and 90 percent completion phases, in order to obtain
TxDOT's (and FHWA's, as necessary) approval during the development of the project's design
The PS&E and bid documents are examined and approved by TxDOT after final submission.
Following approval, a State Letter of Authority (SLOA) and, if necessary, a Federal Project
Authorization and Agreement (FPAA) are granted, allowing advertising of the project's
construction phase.
state, and federal regulations. Each of the following needs to be assessed, and if desired or required
Bonding
Change Orders
Child Support Documentation
Claims
Contract Time
Debarment Certification
Designated Material Sources / Disposal Sites
Differing Site Conditions
Disadvantaged Business Enterprises (DBE), Historically Underutilized Businesses (HUB),
and Small Business Enterprises (SBE)
Equal Employment Opportunity
Equipment Rental Rates
Form FHWA-1273
Liquidated Damages
Lobbying Certification
Local Hiring Preference
Non-collusion Statement
Non-discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
Non-Responsive Bid
Non-segregated Facilities
Patented/Proprietary Products
Prequalification
Prevailing Minimum Wage (Davis-Bacon Act)
Prison Produced Materials
Publicly-owned Equipment
Railroad Insurance Provision
Retainage
Safety
Subcontracting
Termination of Contract
Time Extensions
Title VI Compliance
Trench Safety
Warranties and Warranty Clauses
Workers Compensation Insurance
can determine whether they are capable of giving the buyer the items and deliverables. The type
of the item, anticipated contract structure, and the buyer's requirements can all influence the
specifics of the deliverable. Various specifications, such as quantity levels, intended quantities,
performance periods, performance data, work locations, and other needs, may also be included.
This project management section needs to be written clearly, succinctly, and completely. It
contains a description of the necessary ancillary services, such as performance reports or even
It is significant to remember that a statement of work is necessary for every single purchase. As it
progresses through the procurement process, the statement of work may be amended and improved
The project scope statement, work breakdown structure, and scope of work are used to generate
The procurement solicitation documents frequently include selection criteria. Such standards,
which may be either objective or subjective, are created and utilized to evaluate or score seller
proposals.
If the procurement item is easily accessible from a variety of approved sellers, selection criteria
might be restricted to purchase price. The term "purchase price" in this context refers to the sum
of the cost of the item and any related costs, including delivery.
To support an evaluation for a more complex product, service, or results, additional selection
Awareness of the necessity. How well does the seller's proposal match the job description
Life-cycle or total cost. Will the chosen supplier have the lowest total cost (including both
Technical prowess. Does the seller possess the necessary technical know-how and abilities,
or can it be fairly expected that the seller will pick them up?
Risk. What level of risk is present in the statement of work, and what level of risk will be
The management strategy. Does the seller already have management processes and
procedures in place, or can it be fairly anticipated that the seller will create them?
Technical method. Do the seller's proposed technical processes, techniques, solutions, and
services match the requirements for the procurement paperwork, or are they more likely to
Warranties How long does the seller offer to provide a warranty on the finished product?
Resources available. Does the seller possess, or is it reasonable to believe that the seller
Capacity and enthusiasm for production. Does the vendor have the resources and
Business kind and size. Does the seller's firm fall within a particular classification of
contract award?
The sellers' prior performance. What prior encounters did the chosen sellers have?
Citations. Can the supplier produce testimonials from previous clients attesting to their
Rights to intellectual property. Does the seller claim intellectual property rights over the
labor methods, services, or goods they will utilize or create for the project?
Ownership rights. Does the scMcr claim exclusive rights to the items they will make for
Make-or-buy decisions
When deciding on in-house production, managers must take expenses into account. It covers
every expense incurred during the course of producing the good or service. It may also cover
additional labor expenses related to production, monitoring expenses, storage expenses, and
Similar to this, when considering outsourcing to outside suppliers, organizations must consider
both the production and transaction expenses. For instance, the cost of the item, sales tax fees,
and delivery expenses must be taken into account. Companies also need to factor in inventory
holding expenses, which include warehousing, handling, risk, and ordering expenses.
vital to carry out an accounting evaluation and choose the least expensive course of action, it
Making or buying decisions therefore require strategic consideration on the part of businesses
because they have a significant impact on the profitability and financial stability of the latter.
They may have an effect on corporate strategy, key competencies, cost management, and
flexibility.
A supply management may compare prices based on an independent cost estimate when other
price analysis methods cannot be used. It is up to him or her to judge whether the estimate is
accurate and reasonable. Cost analysis should be used if price analysis is impracticable or prevents
the buyer from concluding that the price is fair and reasonable.
expert from concluding that a pricing is fair and acceptable, cost analysis should be
used instead. Cost analysis is typically most helpful when a person is making
nonstandard purchases of goods and services. The application of cost analysis to the
upfront costs of purchasing resources, goods, and services is the main topic of this
section.
analysis. The goal of this research is to project realistic expected contract costs by using
experience, knowledge, and judgment to data. To get mutually accepted contract prices,
expenses vary from one another. Some businesses generate goods at high cost while
others manufacture goods at low cost. The costs of certain businesses as well as the
costs of specific items sold by any one business are influenced by a variety of factors.
Some of the factors that have the greatest impact on costs are:
Capabilities of management.
Efficient of labor.
Each of these variables is subject to alter depending on the product or the time. Because of this,
one company may create something at a high cost while producing something else at a low cost.
The company may manufacture at low cost one year and at high cost the following. Due to these
factors, it is crucial for a supply manager to establish competition among possible suppliers when
it is acceptable. A supply management may be able to identify the ideal low-cost producer through
competition.
Plan Stakeholder Engagement is the process of creating strategies to involve project stakeholders
based on their requirements, expectations, areas of interest, and potential effects on the project.
The main advantage is that it offers a workable strategy for engaging stakeholders in productive
dialogue. As necessary, this procedure is carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the project.
Early in the project's life cycle, an effective plan is created that takes into account the various
information demands of the project's stakeholders. As the stakeholder community evolves, the plan
is periodically evaluated and modified. After the initial draft of the stakeholder engagement plan
is developed,
The Identify Stakeholder approach has identified the stakeholder community. The plan for
engaging stakeholders is modified frequently to take into account changes within the stakeholder
group. Typical trigger events necessitating plan revisions include, but are not limited to:
When there are changes to the organization structure or within the industry;
When new individuals or groups become stakeholders, current stakeholders are no longer
When outputs of other project process areas, such as change management, risk
strategies.
Changes in the stakeholders' relative importance could be one of the outcomes of these
adjustments.
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A strong stakeholder engagement plan should be carefully thought out and organized. Stakeholder
identification, interest levels, power, and influence over the organization and/or project should all
be covered. For instance, is your stakeholder unbiased or a decision-maker? Are they able to
persuade or exert influence over others during the decision-making process? A strong stakeholder
plan should specify the project's scope, contain helpful matrices like an importance/influence
matrix and a stakeholder engagement matrix, have precise dates, and have a post-stakeholder
In making the stakeholder engagement plan on the Timber two-storey residential house these are
2. Define Boundaries
3. Decide on Metrics
4. Create Timelines