Essental of Project Management Lecture Slide
Essental of Project Management Lecture Slide
Essentials of Project
Management
Course Outline
7/30/2022 1
1. Basic information
Course Title Essentials of Project
Management
Credit Hours 3
7/30/2022 3
3. Course Objective
The overall objective of the course is to introduce students
with the basic concept of project management,
knowledge areas, processes and process groups
using PMBOK guideline.
7. Assessment method
Continuous assessment= 50%
Final Exam =50%
Need of study PM
Improve the Better
Quality of Resource
Work Management
Reduces Costs
Policy
It is a concept (usually in a written document), whereby the
government or a political party will determine decisions,
actions and other matters that will prove advantages to society
in general.
Sector policy
Agriculture policy: technology-based intensification of
smallholder agriculture, .
Health policy: assurance of accessibility of health care for all
segments of the population
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Policy … Projects count…
Strategy
Approaches that should be undertaken to achieve the stated
policies. eg. ADLI
Programs
They are planned-continuous or ongoing development or
investment activities that are not generally time bound.
aim at improving the public welfare
assumes decision making at national/organizational level.
may consist of a number of projects
Project
are means through which development targets (programs) are
converted into tangible benefits for the project beneficiaries.
gives life to and is the visual and concrete representation of
plan, policy and strategy.
Policy … Projects count…
Examples
Programs
Rural development program,
General Education quality Improvement program,
Projects
Water Supply projects,
Teacher Development projects,
initiation context
2. Unique Activities
A project has never happened before, and it will never
happen again under the same conditions (time and space,
outputs or deliverables etc).
Something is always different each time the activities of a
project are repeated.
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Basic characteristics …
3. Specific deadlines and goals
Projects have identifiable starting and stopping points
with well known goals and activities.
However, projects may often have intended and
unintended social, economic and environmental
impacts that far outlast the projects themselves.
4. The desired result is identified
A project is well defined only when a specific result is known.
By comparison, departmental routines involve functions that
may be called ‘‘process maintenance.’’
That means that rather than producing a specific outcome, a
series of recurring routines are aimed at ensuring the flow of
outcomes (e.g., reports) from one period to another
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Basic characteristics …
5. Connected Activities/Interdependencies.
Connectedness implies that there is a sequence, parasail,
logical or technical relationship b/n pairs of activities.
They are considered connected because the output from
one activity is the input to another.
6. Complex Activities
The activities that make up the project are not simple
and repetitive acts like painting the house, washing the
car, or loading the delivery truck.
They are complex, example, designing an intuitive user
interface to an application system.
12. Conflict
A project may be impacted by competing activities
with respect to resource needs or management focus.
15. Teamwork/multi-skill
Projects require a team of people with different
skills to get the job done
Private
B. Scale
Small,
Medium
Large
C. Sector
Agricultural
Industrial
Service
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Types of Project…
d. Task (objective)
(1) Manufacturing Projects:
Where the final result is a vehicle, ship, aircraft, a piece of
machinery etc.
(2) Construction Projects:
Resulting in the erection of buildings, bridges, roads, tunnels etc.
Mining and petro-chemical projects can be included in this group.
(3) Management Projects:
Which include the organization or reorganization of work without
necessarily producing a tangible result.
(4) Research Projects:
In which the objectives may be difficult to establish, and where the
results are unpredictable.
document of understanding,
a scoping statement,
Many of us get into a trap, saying that change is very small, and
routing them through change control procedures may
introduce more delays in the delivery.
But you never know, whether the change is small or big, unless you
assess the impact to the project constraints.
That is why, it is always recommended to route the change
through change control procedures.
Project Scope Creep
Causes of Project scope creep
1. Gaps in the Requirements
Customers always do not know what they want.
Sometimes certain requirements might have missed out.
stakeholders may not be able to provide the requirement
description properly.
2. You have not considered all the stakeholders –
During requirements collection phase, you have missed or not
involved some of the stakeholders, because of which some of
the requirements are not considered.
3. You are doing this type of project for the first time –
you do not know much on what complexities are hidden in
project,
You do not know what to ask and whom to ask.
Project Scope Creep
4. Do not have a sophisticated change control system in place
Your project did not establish a proper change control system and
approval process.
9. Gold Plating
Project team or the project manager add the extra
functionality in the project which is not part of the scope of
the project to please the customer or the senior
management
Project Scope Creep
Scope Creep Example
Let us consider an example of developing a software
application for a customer in a phased manner.
First phase you have already delivered to the customer
successfully.
While the project team is working on the second phase
deliverables, customer has come up with a small change,
which initially seem like not going to take more than a
couple of hours to fulfill the same.
So, you accepted to do it without looking at the impact on
the project constraints, as it seems to be a small change.
Project Scope Creep
As you progress more on the change implementation, you
identified that, it is causing an impact to one or more of
existing functionalities in your project.
And these functions must be tested for regression, which
eventually takes more time, effort, and cost for the project.
This is exactly what Scope creep is.
Effects of Scope Creep
Schedule overruns
Cost overruns
Quality issues
Resource issues
2. Client orientation
It is involvement of stakeholders in decision-making
Client orientation through the use of participatory
planning workshops at key phases of the project cycle,
and the formulation of the Project Purpose in terms of
sustainable benefits to be delivered to beneficiaries
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PCM…
3. Sustainability
Incorporation of aspects of sustainability into
project design to ensure sustainable benefits.
4. Logframe planning
It is to ensure a consistent analytical approach to
project design and management.
5. Integrated approach
It links the objectives of each project into national
and sectorial objectives within the partner country
execution,
monitoring, and
closure.
Quality Management
project environment
People
Human Resource Management
Market
Communications Management Risk tolerance
Risk Management Databases
Procurement Management company’s big picture
Area knowledge,
Project standards & regulations
Area of
management body Operational
expertise in Technical
of knowledge Management
PM specializations
Industry groups
Job enrichment,
staff
recruitment,
motivation
It Involves
Removing some controls
Increasing accountability
Giving a person a complete natural unit of work
Granting additional authority
Introducing new and more difficult tasks not previously handles
Assigning individuals specific or specialized tasks enabling them to
become experts
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Area of expertise in PM…
Staff recruitment: involves
knowing one’s responsibility and authority in the
recruitment process
Job analysis (analyzing the job systematically and in detail),
job description (describing the job and stating what the job
holder is responsible for & required to do),
job specification (to specify the kind of person needed to fill
the job described: precise about the skills, knowledge,
qualifications, attributes required for the job)
identifying sources of recruits and advertising
handling applications,
selection procedures
making decisions
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Area of expertise in PM…
Motivation:
It is important to understand what people really want
and expect from their work
Managers should
support collaboration at every opportunity and
mitigate toxic behavior and unhealthy competition.
As a managers should
Learn to make decisions and
accept the consequences of your actions
to resolve it .
3. Organizational System
Governance frameworks,
Management elements and,
Organizational structure types
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3.2 Environmental Enterprise Factors
EEFs refer to conditions, not under the control of
project team
6. Employee capability.
Examples: existing human resources expertise,
skills, competencies, and specialized knowledge
1. Marketplace conditions.
Examples: competitors, market share brand
recognition, and trademarks.
2. Legal restrictions.
Examples: country or local laws and regulations
related to security, data protection, business conduct,
employment, and procurement.
4. Academic research.
Examples: industry studies, publications, and
benchmarking results.
8. Financial considerations.
Examples: currency exchange rates, interest rates,
inflation rates, tariffs, and geographic location.
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3.3 Organization Process Asset
Organizational process assets (OPAs)
are the plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge
bases specific to and used by the performing organization.
These assets influence the management of the project.
OPAs include:
any artifact, practice, or knowledge from any or all of the
performing organizations involved in the project that can be
used to execute or govern the project.
the organization’s lessons learned from previous projects and
historical information.
completed schedules, risk data, and earned value data.
OPAs are inputs to many project management processes.
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OPAs…
Since OPAs are internal to the organization, the
project team members may be able to update and add
to the organizational process assets as necessary
throughout the project.
Defects
Activity
For influences of Organizational Structures on
Projects refer “Project Management Body of
Knowledge and Agile Practice Guide” book on
Page 47
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4. Project management process groups
Plan Resource
Plan Cost Management
Management Project
A. Estimate Costs
B. Determine Budget Management Plan Estimate activity
Components Resource
Monitoring is
collecting project performance data,
producing performance measures, and
reporting and disseminating performance information.
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Monitoring and Controlling …
Controlling is
comparing actual performance with planned performance,
analyzing variances,
assessing trends to effect process improvements,
evaluating possible alternatives, and
recommending appropriate corrective action as needed.
Thank you
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