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Engineering Drawing Isometric

The document discusses isometric drawings, including their definition, construction techniques like the box method, and how to draw various objects like prisms, cylinders, and combinations of solids in isometric projection. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to draw cubes, cylinders, cones, and combinations of different shapes in isometric views using the techniques discussed.

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70 views

Engineering Drawing Isometric

The document discusses isometric drawings, including their definition, construction techniques like the box method, and how to draw various objects like prisms, cylinders, and combinations of solids in isometric projection. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to draw cubes, cylinders, cones, and combinations of different shapes in isometric views using the techniques discussed.

Uploaded by

panashezhou321
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENGINEERING DRAWING (CUPE 119)

Isometric Drawing
Introduction
Isometric drawings are a type of pictorial drawings that show the three principal dimensions of
an object in one view. The principal dimensions are the limits of size for the object along the
three principal directions.
Pictorial drawings consist of visible object faces and the features lying on the faces with the
internal features of the object largely hidden from view. They tend to present images of objects
in a form that mimics what the human eye would see naturally. Pictorial drawings are easy to
understand since the images shown bear resemblance to the real or imagined object. Non-
technical personnel can interpret them because they are generally easy to understand. Pictorial
drawings are excellent starting point in visualization and design and are often used to supplement
multiview drawings. Hidden lines are usually omitted in pictorial drawings, except where they
aid clarity.
An isometric drawing is one of three types of axonometric drawings they are created based on
parallel projection technique. The other two types of axonometric drawings are dimetric and
trimetric drawings. In isometric drawings, the three principal axes make equal angles with the
image plane. In dimetric drawing, two of the three principal axes make equal angles with the
image plane while in trimetric drawing; the three principal axes make different angles with the
image plane. Isometric drawings are the most popular.

Objectives

This lecture introduces the concept of Isometric projection and Isometric drawing of an object.

Followings will be highlighted to be able to explain the Isometric drawing:


 Isometric projection
 Isometric drawing
 Isometric circles and arcs
 Curves in isometric
 Circles in isometric drawing(four center circle method)
 Isometric and non-isometric lines (Boxing and offset methods)
Students are required to understand the fundamentals of isometric drawing and the technical and
practical details while drawing of an object.

ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
The isometric projection of an object is a one plane view drawn with the object so placed with respect to
the plane of projection that all the three principal axes appear to be inclined to each other at an equal
angle of 120°.

Construction Techniques for Isometric Drawing


It is quite easy creating isometric lines on isometric planes. This is done by drawing the lines
parallel to isometric axes. However, creating non-isometric lines and angles must be done with
care. In general, angles of non-isometric lines are drawn by creating line segments between the
end points of the locations that form the angle. On isometric planes, circles in principal
orthographic views turn to isometric ellipses and arcs appear as partial isometric ellipses as
discussed in the previous section. Irregular curves are created from intersections of projection
lines on isometric planes.
There are two techniques generally used for isometric drawings. These are the box and the
centerline layout techniques, but the box technique is the most common construction technique.
The box technique is also known as the coordinate technique. In the approach, a bounding (B-)
box is first made with guide lines using the principal dimensions object. The principal
dimensions may be designated as W for width, H for height, and D for depth. It may be
necessary to add up dimensions along the principal axes to get the principal dimensions of an
object. The faces on the objects are then created after the B-box is ready. Each feature on the
object is properly located and created within the B-box. This technique is good for drawing
objects with angular and radial features or objects that have irregular shapes or form.

The general steps in the box technique are:


1. Define the origin of and create the isometric axes
2. Create the bounding box using the principal dimensions
3a. Use dimensions from top and front view to mark out faces
3b. Or use dimensions from top and side views to mark out faces
4. Locate and create all features on the faces
5. Finish and check the drawing

Example Draw the isometric projection of a cube of side 50 mm.

Solution

In cube all the sides have equal length. So take isometric 50 mm on each principal axis and
complete the cube with thick lines, dimensioning, center line and direction of viewing.
The four centre circle method
CYLINDER AND CONE

Cylinder and cone are the solids in which base is a circle. In our earlier class we have studied
that the circle is drawn in isometric projection by different methods. We can use the "four centre
method" or "circular arc method" to draw the circle in isometric projection. The cylinders and
cones are drawn with the same steps of prism and pyramids except one additional step for
drawing the circle.

Example
Draw the isometric projection of a cylinder of diameter 40 mm and axial length of 70 mm lying
on the H.P. keeping its axis parallel to H.P. and V.P. both.

Solution:

Steps (i) Draw the isometric box of a square prism of 40 mm base side and 70 mm axis by
keeping the axis parallel to both H.P. and V.P.

(ii) In the two rhombuses draw the ellipse by four center method.

(iii) Draw two common tangents to the two ellipses.


(iv) Draw the visible lines and curves by thick lines.
(v) Complete the isometric projection of cylinder with dimensioning and direction of
viewing.
Example

Draw the isometric projection of a cylinder of height of 75 mm and diameter of 50 mm resting on its base
keeping the axis parallel to V.P.
Solution:

Example Draw the isometric projection of a frustum of a cone of diameter 30 mm at smaller


end, diameter 50 mm at bigger end and the axial height is 70 mm. It is resting on its bigger end
on H.P. keeping its axis vertical.
Solution:
COMBINATION OF TWO SOLIDS
We have already studied and learnt the isometric projection of single geometrical solids in
vertical position and horizontal position by using box method from the helping view of the solid.
Now we will learn the two geometrical solids placed together i.e. one resting (either vertical or
horizontal) on top of the other solid in isometric position (either vertical or horizontal). This is
known as 'combination of solids'.
The study of the combination of solids will help us in understanding the machine blocks to be
done in isometric position and assembly drawings of the functional machine components at a
later stage in Engineering Drawing.

Example
Draw an Isometric Projection of a square prism having side of the square = 30 mm and height =
54 mm standing (upright) and centrally on a flat square slab of thickness = 26 mm and its base
side = 52 mm.
Steps:

1. Draw an isometric projection of the square slab.


2. Indicate the center of the top face with centre lines.
3. Around the centre 'O' draw the rhombus of the square prism and lift it upto its
required height.
4. Join all the visible edges (no hidden lines) of the two solids by using thick lines.
5. Complete the isometric projection of the two solids with dimensioning, direction
of viewing and their common axis using convention lines.
ENGINEERING DRAWING (CUPE 119)
TUTORIAL

Question 1: Two views of each object are given in Fig. 3.45. Sketch the missing views of the
same.

Question 2: Sketch the isometric view (3D) of each of the given components.
ENGINEERING DRAWING (CUPE 119)
TUTORIAL

Copy the following components in Isometric Projection using instruments.


ENGINEERING DRAWING (CUPE 119)
Exercises
Example

Question 1 and 2
Draw the following components two components in Isometric Projection.
Question 3
Following figure shows the front and side views of the solid. Draw the isometric
projection of the solid.

Question 4
Following figure shows the front and side views of the solid. Draw the isometric
projection of the solid.
Question 5
Following figure shows the front and side views of the solid. Draw the isometric
projection of the solid.

Question 6 and 7
Following figure.1 and 2 shows the front and top views of a solid. Draw the
isometric projection of the solid.
Question 8

Question 9

Create a full scale isometric pictorial of the following object


Question 10

Create a full scale isometric pictorial of the following object


Question 11

Create a full scale isometric pictorial of the following object

Question 12 Create a full scale isometric pictorial of the following object

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