Mathematics: Applications & Interpretation SL & HL

1 Page Formula Sheet – First Examinations 2021 – Updated Version 1.1

Prior Learning SL & HL Topic 3: Geometry and trigonometry – SL & HL Topic 4: Statistics and probability - SL & HL
Area: Parallelogram 𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ , 𝑏 = base, ℎ = height Distance between 2 points Interquartile range IQR = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
𝑑 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )2 + (𝑧1 − 𝑧2 )2
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(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 , 𝒛𝟏 ) , (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 , 𝒛𝟐 )
Area: Triangle 𝐴 = 2 (𝑏ℎ) , 𝑏 = base, ℎ = height ∑𝑘
𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
Coordinates of midpoint
̅ , of a set of data
Mean, 𝒙 𝑥̅ = , where 𝑛 = ∑𝑘𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖
1 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 𝑛
Area: Trapezoid 𝐴 = 2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ , 𝑎, 𝑏 = parallel sides, ℎ = height of a line with endpoints ( , , ) 𝑛(𝐴)
(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 , 𝒛𝟏 ) , (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 , 𝒛𝟐 ) 2 2 2 Probability of an event 𝑨 P(𝐴) =
Area: Circle 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 , 𝑟 = radius 𝑛(𝑢)
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Volume: Right-pyramid 𝑉 = 3 𝐴ℎ , 𝐴 = base area, ℎ = height Complementary events P(𝐴) + P(𝐴′ ) = 1
Circumference: Circle 𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟, 𝑟 = radius
1 2 Combined events P(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = P(𝐴) + P(𝐵) − P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
Volume: Cuboid 𝑉 = 𝑙𝑤ℎ , 𝑙 = length, 𝑤 = width, ℎ = height Volume: Right cone 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 ℎ , 𝑟= radius, ℎ = height
Volume: Cylinder 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ , 𝑟 = radius, ℎ = height Mutually exclusive events P(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = P(𝐴) + P(𝐵)
Area: Cone curve 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 , 𝑟= radius, 𝑙 = slant height
Volume: Prism 𝑉 = 𝐴ℎ , 𝐴 = cross-section area, ℎ = height P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
4 Conditional probability P(𝐴|𝐵) =
Volume: Sphere 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 , 𝑟 = radius P(𝐵)
Area: Cylinder curve 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ , 𝑟 = radius, ℎ = height
Surface area: Sphere 𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 2 , 𝑟 = radius Independent events P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = P(𝐴)P(𝐵)
Distance between two
𝑑 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )2 Expected value of a
points (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) , (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 E(𝑋) = ∑ 𝑥 P(𝑋 = 𝑥)
Sine rule = = discrete random variable X
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2 sin𝐴 sin𝐵 sin𝐶
Coordinates of midpoint ( , ), for endpoints (𝑥1 , 𝑦1), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) Binomial distribution 𝑋~B(𝑛, 𝑝)
2 2
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶 Mean ; Variance E(𝑋) = 𝑛𝑝 ; Var(𝑋) = 𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑝)
Prior Learning HL only Cosine rule 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑐 2
cos 𝐶 = Topic 4: Statistics and probability – HL only
Solutions of a quadratic 2𝑎𝑏
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
equation in the form 𝑥= ,𝑎 ≠ 0 1 Linear transformation of a E(𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏) = 𝑎E(𝑋) + 𝑏
𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 2𝑎 Area: Triangle 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝐶 single random variable
2 Var(𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏) = 𝑎2 Var(𝑋)

𝜃 E(𝑎1 𝑋1 ± 𝑎2 𝑋2 ±. . . ±𝑎𝑛 𝑋𝑛 ) =
Topic 1: Number and algebra - SL & HL Length of an arc
𝑙=
360
× 2𝜋𝑟
Linear combinations of 𝒏 𝑎1 E(𝑋1 ) ± 𝑎2 E(𝑋2 )± . . . ±𝑎𝑛 E(𝑋𝑛 )
The 𝒏th term of an 𝜃 = angle in degrees, 𝑟 = radius independent random Var(𝑎1 𝑋1 ± 𝑎2 𝑋2 ±. . . ±𝑎𝑛 𝑋𝑛 ) =
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑢1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 variables, 𝑿𝟏 , 𝑿𝟐 , … . 𝑿𝒏
arithmetic sequence 𝑎1 2 Var(𝑋1 ) + 𝑎2 2 Var(𝑋2 ) + ⋯ +
𝜃
Sum of 𝒏 terms of an 𝑛 𝑛 𝐴= × 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑎𝑛 2 Var(𝑋𝑛 )
𝑠𝑛 = (2𝑢1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑) = (𝑢1 + 𝑢𝑛 ) Area of a sector 360
arithmetic sequence 2 2 Unbiased estimate of 𝑛
𝜃 = angle in degrees, 𝑟 = radius 2
𝑠𝑛−1 = 𝑠2 Sample statistics
The 𝒏th term of a population variance 𝑛−1 𝑛
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑢1 𝑟 𝑛−1 Topic 3: Geometry and trigonometry – HL only
geometric sequence Poisson distribution 𝑋~Po(𝑚)
Sum of 𝒏 terms of a 𝑢1 (𝑟 𝑛 − 1) 𝑢1 (1 − 𝑟 𝑛 ) 𝑙 = 𝑟𝜃 Mean ; Variance E(𝑋) = 𝑚 ; Var(𝑋) = 𝑚
𝑠𝑛 = = ,𝑟 ≠ 1 Length of an arc
finite geometric seq. 𝑟−1 1−𝑟 𝑟 = radius, 𝜃 = angle in radians Transition matrices 𝑻𝑛 𝒔0 = 𝒔𝑛 , where 𝒔0 is the initial state
𝑟 𝑘𝑛 1
𝐴 = 𝑟2 𝜃
𝐹𝑉 = 𝑃𝑉 × (1 + ) Area of a sector 2 Topic 5: Calculus - SL & HL
100𝑘
Compound interest 𝑟 = radius, 𝜃 = angle in radians
𝐹𝑉 is future value, 𝑃𝑉 is present value, 𝑛 Derivative of 𝒙𝒏 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 ⇒ 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
is the number of years, 𝑘 is the number of cos 2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 = 1
compounding periods per year, 𝑟% is the Identities sin 𝜃 𝑥 𝑛+1
Integral of 𝒙𝒏 ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶 , 𝑛 ≠ −1
tan 𝜃 = 𝑛+1
nominal annual rate of interest cos 𝜃
𝑏
cos 2𝜃 sin 2𝜃 Area enclosed by a
Exponents & logarithms 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑏 ⇔ 𝑥 = log 𝑎 𝑏 , 𝑎, 𝑏 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1 ( ) 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 , where 𝑓(𝑥) > 0
sin 2𝜃 −cos 2𝜃 curve and the 𝒙-axis 𝑎
𝑣𝐴 − 𝑣𝐸 𝑏
𝜀=| | × 100% ˒ reflection in the line 𝑦 = (tan 𝜃)𝑥
Percentage error 𝑣𝐸 The trapezoidal rule ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ≈
𝑣𝐴 = approximate value, 𝑣𝐸 = exact value 𝑘 0 𝑏−𝑎
𝑎
( ) where ℎ = 1
0 1 𝑛
ℎ((𝑦0 + 𝑦𝑛 ) + 2(𝑦1 + 𝑦2 +. . . +𝑦𝑛−1 ))
Topic 1: Number and algebra - HL only ˒ horizontal stretch by scale factor of 𝑘 2
log 𝑎 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 + log 𝑎 𝑦 1 0 Topic 5: Calculus – HL only
Laws of logarithms 𝑥 ( )
log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 𝑥 − log 𝑎 𝑦 0 𝑘 Derivative of 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓′(𝑥) = cos 𝑥
for 𝑎, 𝑥, 𝑦 > 0 𝑦 ˒ vertical stretch with scale factor of 𝑘
Transformation Derivative of 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓′(𝑥) = − sin 𝑥
log 𝑎 𝑥 𝑚 = 𝑚 log 𝑎 𝑥 matrices 𝑘 0 1
( ) , centre (0,0)
The sum of an infinite 𝑢1 0 𝑘 Derivative of 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓′(𝑥) =
𝑠∞ = , |𝑟| < 1 cos 2 𝑥
geometric sequence 1−𝑟 ˒ enlargement with scale factor of 𝑘
Derivative of 𝒆𝒙 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥
Complex numbers 𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃
( ) , anticlockwise rotation 1
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 Derivative of 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 𝑓(𝑥) = ln 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓′(𝑥) =
Discriminant ∆ = 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 𝑥
of angle 𝜃 about the origin (𝜃 > 0)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
Modulus-argument Chain rule 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑢) , 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥) ⇒ = ×
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
(polar) & Exponential 𝑧 = 𝑟(cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃) = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = 𝑟cis𝜃 ( ) , clockwise rotation
−sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
(Euler) form Product rule 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣 ⇒ =𝑢 +𝑣
of angle 𝜃 about the origin (𝜃 > 0) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Determinant of a 𝑎 𝑏 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑨=( ) ⇒ det 𝑨 = |𝑨| = 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐
2×2 matrix 𝑐 𝑑 Magnitude of a vector |𝒗| = √𝑣1 + 𝑣2 + 𝑣3
2 2 2
Quotient rule 𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑦= ⇒ =
Inverse of a 1 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑣2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑑 −𝑏 Vector equ. of a line 𝒓 = 𝒂 + 𝜆𝒃
𝑨=( ) ⇒ 𝑨−1 = ( ) 1
2×2 matrix 𝑐 𝑑 det 𝑨 −𝑐 𝑎 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥| + 𝐶
Parametric form of the 𝑥
𝑴𝑛 = 𝑷𝑫𝑛 𝑷−1 , where 𝑷 is the matrix of 𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝜆𝑙, 𝑦 = 𝑦0 + 𝜆𝑚, 𝑧 = 𝑧0 + 𝜆𝑛
Power formula for a equation of a line
eigenvectors and 𝑫 is the diagonal matrix ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
matrix
of eigenvalues 𝒗 ∙ 𝒘 = 𝑣1 𝑤1 + 𝑣2 𝑤2 + 𝑣3 𝑤3
Scalar product 𝒗 ∙ 𝒘 = |𝒗||𝒘| cos 𝜃 Standard integrals ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
Topic 2: Functions – SL & HL where 𝜃 is the angle between 𝒗 and 𝒘 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 + 𝐶
cos 2 𝑥
Equations of a 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 ; 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑑 = 0 ; 𝑣1 𝑤1 + 𝑣2 𝑤2 + 𝑣3 𝑤3
Angle between two
straight line 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) cos 𝜃 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
vectors |𝒗||𝒘|
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝑣2 𝑤3 − 𝑣3 𝑤2 𝑏 𝑏
Gradient formula 𝑚= Area enclosed by a
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝒗 × 𝒘 = (𝑣3 𝑤1 − 𝑣1 𝑤3 ) 𝐴 = ∫ |𝑦| 𝑑𝑥 or 𝐴 = ∫ |𝑥| 𝑑𝑦
curve and 𝒙 or 𝒚-axes 𝑎 𝑎
𝑣1 𝑤2 − 𝑣2 𝑤1
Axis of symmetry of a 𝑏 Vector product 𝑏 𝑏
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑥 = − |𝒗 × 𝒘| = |𝒗||𝒘| sin 𝜃 Volume of revolution
quadratic function 2𝑎 𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 or 𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
about 𝒙 or 𝒚-axes 𝑎 𝑎
Topic 2: Functions – HL only where 𝜃 is the angle between 𝒗 and 𝒘
d𝑣 d2 𝑠 d𝑣
Acceleration 𝑎= = =𝑣
𝐿 Area of a 𝐴 = |𝒗 × 𝒘| , where 𝒗 and 𝒘 form two d𝑡 d𝑡 2 d𝑠
Logistic function 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝐿, 𝑘, 𝐶 > 0 parallelogram adjacent sides of a parallelogram
1 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑘𝑥 Distance; Displacement 𝑡 𝑡
dist = ∫𝑡 2|𝑣(𝑡)| 𝑑𝑡 ; disp = ∫𝑡 2 𝑣(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
travelled from 𝒕𝟏 to 𝒕𝟐 1 1

𝑦𝑛+1 = 𝑦𝑛 + ℎ × 𝑓(𝑥𝑛 , 𝑦𝑛 ); 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 + ℎ

www.revisionvillage.com Euler’s method
where ℎ is a constant (step length)
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 + ℎ × 𝑓1 (𝑥𝑛 , 𝑦𝑛 , 𝑡𝑛 )
IB Math Exam Questionbanks IB Math Practice Exams (Full Length) Euler’s method for 𝑦𝑛+1 = 𝑦𝑛 + ℎ × 𝑓2 (𝑥𝑛 , 𝑦𝑛 , 𝑡𝑛 )
IB Math Learning Videos IB Math Practice Exams by Topic coupled systems 𝑡𝑛+1 = 𝑡𝑛 + ℎ
where ℎ is a constant (step length)
IB Math Past Paper Video Solutions IB Math Practice Exams by Difficulty
Exact solution for
Voted #1 IB Mathematics Resource & used by 350,000+ IB Students & Teachers Worldwide coupled linear 𝒙 = 𝐴𝑒 𝜆1 𝑡 𝒑1 + 𝐵𝑒 𝜆2𝑡 𝒑2
differential equations