Principle of Artificial Intelligence 21AI54

QUESTION BANK
Subject Name: Principles of Artificial Intelligence
Subject Code: 21AI54
Semester: 5th
Website: https://vtucode.in

Module 1

1. Define artificial intelligence (AI) and its key characteristics.

2. Discuss the goals and applications of AI in various fields.
3. Explore the significance of AI in modern society and its potential impact on industries.
4. Explain the historical development of AI, highlighting key milestones and breakthroughs.
5. Discuss the foundational concepts of AI, such as logic, problem-solving, and knowledge
representation.
6. Analyse the contributions of key figures in the history of AI and their impact on the field.
7. Define intelligent agents and their role in AI systems.
8. Differentiate between simple reflex agents, model-based agents, goal-based agents, and utility-
based agents.
9. Provide examples of intelligent agents in real-world applications.
10. Explain the interaction between agents and their environments in the context of AI.
11. Discuss the concept of precepts and actions in the agent-environment interaction.
12. Analyse how different types of environments can affect the performance of intelligent agents.
13. Define rationality in the context of intelligent agents.
14. Explore the relationship between rationality and decision-making in AI systems.
15. Discuss how rationality guides agents towards achieving their goals.
16. Classify environments based on their characteristics and how they impact agent behavior.
17. Discuss the challenges and considerations when designing agents for different types of
environments.
18. Evaluate the suitability of different agent types for specific environments.
19. Describe the internal structure of intelligent agents, including architectures and components.
20. Discuss the role of perception, cognition, and action in the functioning of intelligent agents.
21. Compare and contrast different agent architectures.
22. Provide real-world examples of AI applications and their impact on various industries.
23. Discuss ethical considerations and potential societal implications of AI.
24. Analyse specific case studies to illustrate the challenges and successes of AI implementations.

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Principle of Artificial Intelligence 21AI54

Module 2

1. Define problem-solving in the context of artificial intelligence.

2. Discuss the importance of problem-solving in various domains and applications.
3. Identify key characteristics of effective problem-solving agents.
4. Explain the components and architecture of a problem-solving agent.
5. Differentiate between simple reflex agents and goal-based agents in the context of problem-
solving.
6. Discuss how problem-solving agents interact with their environments.
7. Provide examples of real-world problems that can be addressed using AI based problem-
solving techniques.
8. Describe the characteristics that make a problem suitable for AI-based solutions.
9. Discuss the diversity of problems that AI can tackle, ranging from simple to complex
scenarios.
10. Define the concept of search strategies in problem-solving.
11. Explain the role of uninformed search strategies in finding solutions.
12. Discuss the trade-offs and limitations associated with uninformed search strategies.
13. Explain the principles of breadth-first search as a problem-solving strategy.
14. Provide a step-by-step illustration of how breadth-first search works.
15. Discuss scenarios where breadth-first search is suitable and its potential drawbacks.
16. Outline the key principles of depth-first search as an uninformed search strategy.
17. Compare and contrast depth-first search with breadth-first search.

MODULE 3

1. Define informed search strategies in the context of AI.

2. How do they differ from uninformed search strategies?
3. Compare and contrast informed search with uninformed search. Provide examples of
scenarios where each is more suitable.
4. Explain the role of heuristics in informed search strategies. How do heuristics contribute to
finding optimal solutions?
5. Define heuristic functions and explain their significance in problem solving. Provide
examples of common heuristics used in AI.
6. Discuss the trade-offs involved in selecting or designing heuristic functions. How can a well-
designed heuristic impact the efficiency of search algorithms?
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Principle of Artificial Intelligence 21AI54

7. Develop a scenario and design a heuristic function for a specific problem. Justify your
choices.
8. Describe the principles of greedy best-first search as an informed search strategy. How does it
make use of heuristic information?
9. Discuss the advantages and limitations of greedy best-first search. Provide examples of
scenarios where it is effective or inefficient.
10. Compare and contrast greedy best-first search with other informed and uninformed search
strategies.
11. Explain the A* search algorithm, emphasizing the role of heuristic functions in its operation.
12. Discuss the properties of an admissible heuristic. How does an admissible heuristic contribute
to the optimality of A* search?
13. Analyse a given problem and design a suitable heuristic for A* search. Discuss the impact of
the heuristic on the algorithm's performance.
14. Define knowledge-based agents and explain their role in AI systems. How do they differ from
other types of intelligent agents?
15. Discuss the advantages and challenges associated with implementing knowledge-based
agents in real-world applications.
16. Provide examples of scenarios where knowledge-based agents excel in decision-making.
17. Describe the Wumpus World environment and its significance in AI. What challenges does
the Wumpus World pose for intelligent agents?
18. Develop a knowledge-based agent for navigating and solving problems in the Wumpus
World. Discuss the considerations in designing such an agent.
19. Define propositional logic and its role in representing knowledge in AI systems. How does
propositional logic differ from other logic systems?
20. Discuss the strengths and limitations of using propositional logic for knowledge
representation in AI.
21. Provide examples of real-world applications where propositional logic is effectively
employed.
22. Explain the common reasoning patterns used in propositional logic, such as modus ponens
and resolution.
23. Provide examples of how these reasoning patterns can be applied in problem-solving and
decision-making.
24. Analyse a scenario and demonstrate the application of reasoning patterns in propositional
logic to derive conclusions.
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MODULE 4

1. Define First Order Logic (FOL) and explain its significance in representing knowledge in
artificial intelligence.
2. Discuss the differences between Propositional Logic and First Order Logic. How does FOL
allow for more expressive knowledge representation?
3. Explore the importance of knowledge representation in AI. How does effective representation
impact the performance of intelligent systems?
4. Provide examples of real-world problems and discuss how they can be represented using First
Order Logic.
5. Explain the syntax and semantics of First Order Logic. Provide examples to illustrate the
structure of FOL statements.
6. Discuss the role of variables, constants, and quantifiers in the syntax of FOL. How are these
elements used in knowledge representation?
7. Demonstrate how to express knowledge and relationships using First Order Logic. Provide a
real-world example and represent it in FOL.
8. Discuss the advantages and challenges of using FOL for knowledge representation in
comparison to other logic systems.
9. Define inference in the context of First Order Logic. How does inference contribute to
deriving new knowledge from existing knowledge?
10. Provide examples of how inference can be applied to draw conclusions in a given knowledge
base represented in FOL.
11. Compare and contrast propositional inference with First Order Logic inference. What
additional capabilities does FOL inference offer?
12. Discuss scenarios where Propositional Logic is more suitable and where First Order Logic is
necessary for effective inference.
13. Explain the concept of unification in First Order Logic. How does unification contribute to
the process of reasoning?
14. Describe the principles of forward chaining in FOL. Provide examples to illustrate how
forward chaining works in practice.
15. Outline the process of backward chaining in First Order Logic. How is it different from
forward chaining?
16. Explain the concept of resolution in FOL. How does resolution contribute to the resolution-
based inference process?

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MODULE 5

1. Define uncertain knowledge in the context of artificial intelligence. How does dealing with
uncertainty differ from handling deterministic knowledge?
2. Discuss the challenges and significance of reasoning with uncertain knowledge in AI
applications.
3. Explain the concept of uncertainty quantification. How can uncertainty be measured or
represented in AI systems?
4. Provide examples of scenarios where uncertainty plays a significant role, and discuss how it
can be quantified.
5. Discuss the strategies for decision-making in situations involving uncertainty. How do
intelligent agents adapt their actions in uncertain environments?
6. Provide examples of decision-making under uncertainty in real-world applications.
7. Define fundamental probability concepts, including sample space, events, and probabilities.
Provide examples to illustrate these concepts.
8. Discuss the difference between discrete and continuous probability distributions.
9. Explain the concept of full joint distributions in the context of uncertain knowledge. How
does it represent the relationships between variables?
10. Given a scenario with multiple variables, demonstrate how to construct and use a full joint
distribution for inference.
11. Define the concept of independence in probability theory. How does the independence of
variables affect the joint distribution?
12. Provide examples of independent and dependent events in real-world scenarios.
13. State Bayes's Rule and explain its significance in updating probabilities based on new
evidence.
14. Demonstrate the application of Bayes's Rule in a scenario involving uncertain knowledge.
Show the step-by-step calculation.
15. Discuss how uncertainty is addressed in the Wumpus World environment. What elements of
uncertainty are present, and how are they modelled?
16. Develop a scenario in the Wumpus World and apply probabilistic reasoning to make
decisions. Discuss the impact of uncertainty on agent behaviour.

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