QUARTER: 1

WEEK: 1
SELF-LEARNING KIT: No. 2

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

9
QUARTER 1
ELECTRONIC PRODUCT ASSEMBLY AND SERVICING NCII

LESSON:
APPLY QUALITY STANDARDS

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Assessing quality of received materials or components

MELC NO. : TLE_IAEPAS9-12AQS-Ia-1

Name of Teacher - Writer: KENNETH L. AYSON

School: Tagudin National High School

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About this Self-Learning Kit
Welcome to the world of Electronic Product Assembling and Servicing!

This self – learning kit will introduce you the concepts of Applying Quality Standards
in the workplace. This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed in Assessing
Quality of Received Materials or Components.

This learning material is not only your learning kit but also your trusted partner to
develop such skill. So enjoy and have fun!

This self – learning kit requires you to go through series of learning activities such
as understanding key concepts, performing and accomplishing activities and assessments
in order to complete each learning outcome.

Remember, you must:

 Finish all activities in this learning kit in ONE (1) WEEK
 Get Direction from your teacher regarding the use of this learning kit.
 Read and analyze all information and key concepts
 Every after a lesson, there is an activity for you to answer or perform.
 Perform all activities and assessment designed for you. Use separate sheet of
paper or a notebook for your answers. Check your activities using the answer
keys located at the last part of the learning kit.
 Submit your outputs to your teacher for evaluation and recording. Additional
Direction will be given to regarding this matter

If you have any problem regarding the contents and procedures in this self-learning
kit please feel free to ask your teacher. Make sure you practice your new skills during
regular work shifts to improve your speed, memory, skills and your confidence. Good luck
and have fun!

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 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
LO 1. Assess Quality of Received Materials or Components

Learning Competencies:
1. Obtain work Directions in accordance with standard operating procedures
2. Check received materials or component parts against workplace standards and
specifications
3. Isolate faults and faulty materials
4. Replace faulty materials and components in accordance with workplace
procedures

Discussions and Examples

Lesson 1 Electronic Components

Electronic Components

In the previous lesson, you have learned that electronic components are the building
blocks of electronic circuit and electronic products. Electronic components are divided into
groups - active components and passive components. Each component has specific
function and they play vital roles for the smooth operation of our appliances and gadgets
today.
Passive Components FIXED RESISTORS
Resistors

Passive components that oppose or limit the flow

of current in the circuit. They are the most widely used 1
2
component in electronics. Its ability to oppose the flow
of current is called resistance.

Two Types of Resistors:

 Fixed Resistors - these are resistors which 3
resistance can’t be changed 4
 Variable Resistors - there are resistors Figure 1. (1) Carbon Resistor (2)
which resistance can be changed Metal-Film Resistor (3) Wire-wound
Resistor (4) Surface Mount Device
Variable Resistors Resistor
1. Potentiometer (POT) – a variable resistor, also
known as volume control. It is used to increase
and decrease the sound using resistance.
2. Rheostats - small version of potentiometer. A Figure 2. Potentiometer
small screwdriver is used to adjust its resistance.
3. Trimmer Resistor – a variable resistor which
resistance is set at the manufacturer’s level. Figure 3. Rheostat
4. Photoresistor – a variable resistor also known as
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR). It changes its
resistance based on intensity of light it detects.

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5. Thermistor – also known as temperature dependent resistor. It changes its resistance
based on the temperature it detects.
6. Voltage-Dependent Resistor (VDR) – also known as varistor / metrosil. It changes its
resistance based on the voltage passing through it.

Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7.

Trimmer Resistor Photoresistor Thermistor Varistor

Capacitors

The components that store electric charges. They used a di-electric material placed
in the middle of the two plates inside the capacitor to store electric charges. Their ability to
store electric charges is called capacitance.

Two Types of Capacitors:

 Fixed Capacitors - these are capacitors which capacitance can’t be changed.
They are grouped into two: Polarized and Non-polarized.
 Variable Capacitors - there are capacitors which capacitance can be changed
Polarized Capacitors
These are capacitors with fixed positive and negative
terminals.
Figure 8.
1. Electrolytic Capacitor – a fixed polarized capacitor Electrolytic Capacitor
that has the ability to store electric charges. It is
mainly used as filter capacitor and coupling
capacitor, and in timing circuits.
2. Tantalum Capacitor – a fixed polarized capacitor Figure 9.
made up tantalum pentoxide, mainly used in analog Tantalum Capacitor
signal system.
Non - Polarized Capacitors
These are capacitors without positive and negative terminals. Figure 10.
1. Ceramic Capacitor – a fixed non-polarized capacitor Ceramic Capacitor
mainly used as bypass capacitor.
2. Mylar Capacitor – a fixed non-polarized capacitor
mainly used as bypass capacitor Figure 11.
3. Epoxy Capacitor – a fixed non-polarized capacitor Mylar Capacitor
used as filter capacitor and snubber capacitor
Figure 12.
Variable Capacitor Epoxy Capacitor
The most common example of variable capacitor is the
air core capacitor or tuning capacitor which is used to select
specific frequency (channel or station) in radio and television.
Figure 13
Tuning Capacitor
Inductors

The components that oppose the changes in current passing through them. They are
usually called coils. They are made up of magnetic wire wound around iron, ferrite or air.
Their ability to oppose changes in current is called inductance.

Transformers are considered special inductors. These transformers can

increase and decrease voltage in a circuit, used in audio amplifiers and frequency circuits.

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 Figure 15 Figure 16
Figure 14 Transformer
Iron Core Inductor
Air Core Inductor

Active Components

Diodes
These are semiconductor or solid state components that allows the flow of current
and voltage in one direction only. There are different diodes and each has specific
function. Listed below are the most commonly used diodes in electronics.
1. Rectifier Diode – a diode used to convert AC into pulsating DC. This diode is
usually found in battery chargers for smartphones and car batteries.
2. Zener diode – a diode used to regulate / control voltage in a circuit. This diode is
usually found in regulated power supply circuits.
3. Light Emitting Diode (LED) – a diode used as indicator and light. It emits light
when current passed through them. This diode is used in flashlights, Christmas
lights and camera flash
4. Photodiode – a diode usually found in remote-controlled appliance. This
component receives the signal from the remote control.
5. Signal Diode – a diode usually found in televisions and radio. This component
converts electrical pulse into usable form of signal.

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1 3 4
2

Figure 17. Different types of diodes (1) Rectifier (2) Zener (3) Light Emitting Diode (4) Photo Diode (5) Signal Diode

Transistor
A semiconductor that is used as electronic switch and
amplifier. An amplifier is a device that can strengthen weak
signals. Transistors are used in audio amplifiers used during
mass programs and ceremonies to make the sound louder.

Integrated Circuits (IC)

A semiconductor device that can used as comparator, Figure 18. Transistors.
amplifier and timer. IC is made up of hundreds of
components.

Microprocessors Figure 19. Integrated Circuit

A single semiconductor chip used for computing,
controlling industrial processes, and data manipulation. This
Figure 20.
is the brain of a computer system. Microprocessor

Thyristors
Semiconductor device used as switch in high power
circuits in the industry.

Figure 21. Thyristors

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 This is Nice to Know
Did you know that aside from conductor and inductor, there is another category of material used in
electronics called semiconductors?
Semiconductors are materials which can allow the flow of electricity readily than insulators but
not easily than conductors. In electronics, the most common semiconductors are silicon and germanium.

Activity 1
Direction: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. On top of your paper, write the
title of the preceding lesson, then the title of this activity written above “Self - Check 1”.
Complete the hierarchy graphic organizer below.

Scoring Scheme: The overall score is 20 points. One (1) point deduction for every wrong entry in the graphic organizer.

Lesson 2 Quality in Materials and Job Performance

Factors to Consider in Choosing Material for Electronics Work

Materials and components are crucial factors in ensuring quality in the process and
in the product of electronic product assembly and servicing. There are factors you need
to consider when choosing the right material for a job, to wit:
1. Quality of Material. The material you should be selecting for your job should be
of high standards. This includes the identification of brands which are well-
known in the market for their quality supplies. In this factor, your task is to
identify the best material and assess its impact on your job performance.
2. Reliability of Material. Some high-end brands, despite of their quality status in
the market, exhibit failures and gaps when used which greatly affect your job.
This factor demands you to be familiar and critical on the reliability of the
material, its failures or weakness. You should be able to identify the common
failures of materials through experience and testing, and so, to get the right
material for the job.
3. Cost of Material. The cost of material is relative to the quality and reliability of
the material. In electronic assembly, when budget becomes a concern, the cost
of material is being taken for granted. Assemblers tend to buy the cheaper low
quality material. This factors reminds you that the amount may be different from
one brand to another but never take for granted the quality and the reliability of
the material. Explore suppliers that provide quality materials with the right cost.

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Quality in Electronics Product Assembly and Servicing

Quality refers to a description of a certain material or

product wherein its characteristics conform with set standard
accepted majorly in the field. It also refers to the level of per-
formance of a skill that exemplary followed standard methods.
The quality in electronics product assembly and servicing is
applied in four areas; tools and equipment, materials and com- Figure 22. Example of Electronic
ponents, job performance and product. Product
Quality in Assembly. In assembling electronic product, if the process you followed
did not conform with the standards, your project may not work or you may be injured
while working. If your product did not conform with the standards, your product may not
work, or it may harm people who will be using your product.
Quality is Service. If you will not follow the standard method of servicing electronic
products, you may incur injuries while working, worsen the problem of the unit you are
servicing and have back jobs which may degrade your skills.

Quality Embedded in the Work Process

Work Directions are work orders and

job orders you will be receiving in your job. In
a company, it may be a memo printed on a
paper, a work schedule, an e-mail or a simple
message in Messenger. In a simple electronic
shop, it is the Direction of your boss, or an
Direction from your customer. It could be
assembling a product or servicing an
appliance. Figure 23. The Work Process
Analyze and clarify Directions. After receiving the Directions, analyze it. Then, ask
questions to clarify things. You need to ask about what they want you to do, exactly,
description of the product you are going to assemble (including the components and
materials) and the actual problem of the unit you are going to repair.
Planning and preparation. Plan the sequence of events you are going to do to
finish the job with quality in least possible time. Prepare the tools, materials and
components you need to finish the job. Prepare your workplace for you to work
comfortably.
It is of great importance, that the materials and components you will be using
conform with the industry standards. You need to assess the components and materials
by checking it against workplace standards and specifications. You need to identify if they
are defective or faulty materials and components. If you find a faulty material and
components, isolate them and identify what causes the fault. After identifying the fault,
record it, make a report and submit it to your supervisor. Replace the faulty material and
component.
Performing the job. After preparing the workplace, you can now perform the
job assigned to you. Make sure to follow the standard procedures in performing your job
to ensure quality. You need to work hard and work smart

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 Inspecting your job. When the job is done, inspect and assess your work for
quality assurance. Test the product you assembled or the unit you repaired. Call the
attention of your supervisor to check your work.

Activity 2
Direction: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. On top of your paper, write the
title of the preceding lesson, then the title of this activity.
1. What are the factors you need to consider in choosing materials for electronics work?
2. Why should we consider the three factors in choosing materials?
3. In your mother tongue dialect (Tagalog, Iloko, Bisaya), define the term Quality.

Lesson 3 Fault Identification and Reporting

It is critical in applying quality standards that faulty parts must be identified

immediately and be reported comprehensively for instantaneous correction and
remediation. There are standard protocols to ensure that materials received are not faulty
or defective, and that they conform to the specifications you ordered.
 Check the materials against the packing slip. Packing slip is a form which the
materials are enumerated including their specifications and quantity.
 Ensure that you are receiving the materials indicated in your purchase order
with regards to specifications and quantity.
 Check if the materials are complete, in good condition including the packaging.
 You must document all the materials you are receiving. The report must
indicate the quality of the materials received including the defective materials.
For defective good, it should be returned to the supplier and make
arrangements for immediate replacement.
 Make an inventory report of the materials received. This will help you monitor
how many materials are already on hand, sold, damaged or returned.
Faults in Materials and Components

1. Non-conformity to Specifications. It refers to a fault or defect when a component

or material did not meet the needed description or characteristics to accomplish the
job or task.
2. Non-conformity to Standards. It refers to a fault or defect when a component
or material did not meet the standards. It may be standards of local, national or
international industry.
3. Factory Defect / Manufacturing Defect. It refers to a fault or defect to a
component or material that happened during its production / manufacturing in a
factory.
4. Non-conformity to Government Regulations. It refers to a fault or defect to a
component or material when its specifications violate or did not meet the laws and
codes of a country. Example of laws usually violated are environment-related laws.
5. Safety Defect. It refers to a fault or defect when a component or material has
no safety features, its safety feature has been removed, broken, or its safety
feature is not working properly.

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Reporting Fault in Materials

Reporting is necessary to make sure that the supervisor or the management is

aware of the status of the materials its purchasing. Without the format report, the
management will not make any action to correct an error or to return and replace a
defective material. Reporting in industry is done using standard log template or forms
which the receiver of the materials will be filling up. The log form will be then submitted to
the management or supervisor for checking and verification. Examples of log report are
shown below.

Receiving Log Form

Date
Item Name Quantity Specification O.R # Received by
Received
Actual date of Specific name of the Number of the Description of the item Number of The name of
receiving the materials including item received received the official receiver and
materials. the brand receipt signature

Assessment of Materials Log Form

Assessor’s Name: Date:

Total Number in Good Total Number in Faulty

Item Name Description of Fault / Error
Condition Condition
Write the specific name of the Specify how many are in Specify how many are in Describe what is the fault or
material including the brand good condition faulty condition defect of the material

Verified by: Date:

Activity 3
Direction: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. On top of your paper, write
the title of the preceding lesson, then the title of this activity.

Fill in the blanks with the correct word to complete the sentence.
1. It is important that ________ must be identified and be reported instantaneously.
2. ___________ is a list of materials including their specifications and quantity.
3. ___________ will help you monitor how many materials are already on hand, sold,
damaged or returned.
4. Non-conformity to _________ refers to a fault or defect when a component did not
meet the needed description or characteristics to accomplish the job or task.
5. Non-conformity to __________ refers to a fault or defect to a component or material
when its specifications violate or did not meet the laws and codes of a country.
6. _________ refers to a fault or defect when a component or material has no safety
features, its safety feature has been removed, broken, or its safety feature is not
working properly.

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 Generalization

 Resistors are components that oppose the flow of current.

 Capacitors are components that store electric charges
 Inductors are components that oppose the change in current flowing
 Diodes are components the allows flow of current in one direction
 Transistors can be used as electronic switch and amplifier.
 Integrated Circuits are components that can be used as comparator, amplifier,
and timer
 Microprocessors are components that can be used for computing, controlling
industrial processes, and data manipulation
 There are three factors you need to consider in choosing materials. These are
quality, reliability and cost of the material.
 Quality refers to a description of a certain material or product wherein its
characteristics conform with set standard accepted majorly in the field.
 The Work Process includes receiving work Directions, analyzing the Direction,
planning and preparing, performing the job and assessing the outcome.
 There are different protocols in receiving materials. One is identifying the fault
of material. There are five categories of faults in materials. These are non-
conformity to specifications, standards and government regulations, factory
defect, and safety defect.
 Reporting is necessary to make sure that the supervisor or the management is
aware of the status of the materials its purchasing.
 Reporting in industry is done using standard log template or forms which the
receiver of the materials will be filling up.

Assessment
Direction: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. On top of your paper, write the
competency stated in the Most Essential Learning Competency.

I. Multiple Choices: Write the letter of your answer.

1. Donnie wants to assemble a circuit that can detect high temperature. What component should
he use?
A. Photoresistor B. Thermistor C. Trimmer Resistor D. Varistor
2. RanRan wants a resistor that can detect light intensity. The component she needs is …
A. Metrosil B. Potentiometer C. Photoresistor D. Varistor
3. Zoom found out that his radio cannot detect other signal. What component does he need to fix
the radio?
A. Potentiometer B. Rheostat C. Tuning Capacitor D. Varistor
4. Zoom found out again that his radio has fixed volume. What component does he need to fix
again the radio?
A. Potentiometer B. Thermistor C. Tuning Capacitor D. Zener Diode
5. Alford is designing a circuit that can oppose changes in current. The component he needs is …
A. Diode B. Inductor C. Resistor D. Transistor
6. Jenny wants to strengthen the sound of her radio. The component she needs is …
A. Capacitor B. Inductor C. Resistor D. Transistor

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II. Fill in the blanks with correct word/s to complete the statements below.
7. For a component or material to be defined as a quality material, these components should
conform with the ________________.
8. Quality of product assembly focuses on the quality of the product and the ________ of
assembling the product.
9. If you find a faulty or defective component, _________ it and identify what causes it.
III. Enumeration: Give what is being asked in each item.
10 - 12 Factors to Consider in Choosing Materials
13 - 15 Give the three possible effects of not following quality in serving electronic products
and systems

Application
Direction: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. On top of your paper, write the
competency stated in the Most Essential Learning Competency.
You are assigned to be the Receiver / Assessor / Quality Checker for the month. Prepare a
Receiving Log Form and Assessment of Materials Log Form for each set of data below. Make sure
you will record all the items listed and assess whether they are in good condition or not.

 August 24, 2020

Resistors - 10 sets, 1/2 watt, 300 ohms
Capacitors - 10 sets, electrolytic, 220 µF, 16 volts
Capacitors - 10 sets, ceramic, 0.001 µF
Received from Angel Sound with OR #098231
Found out that 2 sets of resistors are 500 ohms

 August 25, 2020

10 pieces 40 watts Broadway Soldering Iron from Romena’s (OR #56234)

 August 26, 2020

10 units Broadway Analog Multitester, YX - TRn
5 unit Brother’s Digital Multitester
Received from Jeff Ortiz (Alexan Supplies), OR#52298
Found out 1 unit of Analog Multitester is defective, 3 units of digital multitesters is
malfunctioning

 August 27, 2020

20 bottles, 500 ml. Ferric Chloride
2 pieces, 5” x 5” copper clad board laminate
Received from Angel Sound with OR #310075

 August 28, 2020

10 pieces LM555 Timer IC
10 pieces 7808 Regulator IC
10 pieces S9014 Transistor
20 pieces 1N4001 Rectifier Diodes
20 pieces Red Light Emitting Diodes
Received from Romena’s (OR #1290455)
Found out diodes are 1N4003, LM555 has no packaging, only 9 pieces of 7808 IC

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References

Books:
Faina, Juanito S. Updated Basic Transistorized Amplifiers. Quezon City:
National Bookstore, Inc., 1994
Pagarigan, Marconi S. Practical Electronics: Solid State Servicing. Muntinlupa
City: MP Electrolad Corporation, 1995
Enriquez, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T.,and Rommel M. Lasala. Simple
Electronics. Valenzuela City: Andes Mountain Printers, 2014

Graphics / Images Source:

Figure 1 Carbon Resistors. Digital Image. amazon.com . Nd. https://images-
na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/311bGhoaiPL.jpg
Metal Film Resistors. Digital Image. alicdn.com . Nd. https://
ae01.alicdn.com / kf H7ddc3f0785d3441e87cad8c7dd5ba742
0/10PCS-RX21-10W-1KRJ-10R-5-1K-Ceramic-wound-resistor
-10W-wirewound-resistors-1KJ.jpg_q50.jpg
Wire-wound Resistors. Digital Image. imimg.com. Nd. https://5.im
img.com/data5/HB/BH/MY-50535432/encased-wire-wound-
resistor-500x500.jpg
SMD Resistors. Digital Image. alicdn.com . Nd. https://
sc01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1UqMsN4TpK1RjSZR0q6zEwXXa
6.jpg_350x350.jpg
Figure 2 Potentiometer. Digital Image. wikimedia.org. Nd. https://upload.
wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Potentiometer.jpg
Figure 3 Rheostat. Digital Image. amazon.com. Nd. https://images-na.ssl-
images-amazon.com/images/I/41YsH-6tLWL.jpg

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Figure 4 Trimmer Resistor. Digital Image. www.goldmine-elec-products.com .
Nd. https://www.goldmine-elec-products.com/images/
G21832B.jpg
Figure 5 Photoresistor. Digital Image. instructables.com . Nd. https://cdn. in-
structables.com/FOH/F83V/IAMCFJPJ/FOHF83VIAMCFJPJ.
LARGE.jpg?auto=webp&frame=1&width=320
Figure 6 Thermistor. Digital Image. www.electrical4u.com. Nd. https://
www.electrical4u.com/wp-content/uploads/thermistor-
thermometer.jpg
Figure 7 Metal Oxide Varistor. Digital Image. gstatic.com. Nd. https://
encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9G
cSi3LfKfF-ZEqkwC44k7wky yopzUoFeYFsGzA&usqp=CAU
Figure 8 E-Cap. Digital Image. rfwireless-world.com. ND https://
www.rfwireless-world.com/images/electrolytic-capacitor.jpg
Figure 9 Tantalum Capacitor. Digital Image. www.capacitorguide.com/. Nd.
https://www.capacitorguide.com/wp-content/uploads/tantalum-
capacitor.png
Figure 10 Ceramic Capacitors. Digital Image. www.capacitorguide.com/. Nd.
https://www.capacitorguide.com/wp-content/uploads/ceramic-
capacitors.png
Figure 11 Mylar Capacitor. Digital Image. www.futurlec.com. Nd. https://
www.futurlec.com/Pictures/C01U630M.jpg
Figure 12 Èpoxy Capacitor. Digital Image. globalsources.com. Nd. https://
p.globalsources.com/IMAGES/PDT/BIG/301/B1075570301.jpg
Figure 13 Tuning Capacitor. Digital Image. www.petervis.com. Nd. https://
www.petervis.com/electronics/tuning-capacitor/tuning-
capacitor/DSC06072.jpg
Figure 14 Air Core Inductor. Digital Image.gstatic.com. Nd. https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcRgcaVuj7Dh
4IRNfD-jSp9B505vDOkB4bNJ7w&usqp=CAU
Figure 15 Iron Core Inductor. Digital Image. pinimg.com. Nd. https://
i.pinimg.com/originals/22/c8/f1/22c8f1fa46472e2c2332
8900a176bf48.jpg
Figure 16 Transformer. Digital Image. alicdn.com. Nd. https://sc02.alicdn.com/
kf/Hb1417fbe370a4866b945d843f08cf773Y.jpg_350x350.jpg
Figure 17 Zener Diode. Digital Image. blogspot.com. Nd. https://2.bp. blog-
spot.com/-3K3UriDDGOc/U0byg5gJSVI/AAAAAAAABJM/
Ez84Ytbe5Fk/s1600/Zener+Diode.jpg
Figure 18 Transistors. Digital Image.components101.com. Nd. https://
components101.com/sites/default/files/components/S8050-
Transistor.jpg
Figure 19 Integrated Circuits. Digital Image. wikimedia.org. Nd. https://
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/
Signetics_NE555N.JPG
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 14
Self - Check 1
Self - Check 2
1. Quality of material, reliability of material and cost of material
2. To apply quality standards in our electronics work
3. - to be checked by the teacher -
4. - to be checked by the teacher -
Self - Check 3
1. Faulty parts
2. Packing slip
3. Inventory report
4. Specifications
5. Government Regulations
6. Safety Defects
How Much I Have Learned
Multiple Choices: Fill in the Blanks: Enumeration:
1. B 7. Standards 10. Quality of materials
2. C 8. Process 11. Reliability of materials
3. C 9. Isolate 12. Cost of materials
4. A 13. Incur injuries
5. B 14. Worsen problem of unit
6. D 15. Back jobs
Answer Keys