Scribd
Upload
33 views

Research Paper

Uploaded by

Elijah jose Ramirez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views

Research Paper

Uploaded by

Elijah jose Ramirez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

RAMIREZ, ELIJAH JOSE A.

40150 – 201914497

Philippine City Planning


Spanish Colonial Planning in the Philippines (Influences from the Medieval Era)
The planning of the cities in the Philippines in the Spanish period is based on the on how the
cities planned in Spain and other regions of Europe. In one article of Fulgar (2022) During the Spanish
colonial era, town design employed the "Plaza Complex" grid pattern. With this plan, roadways were
built in a grid pattern around central plazas that contained civic buildings like churches and municipal
halls. For social gatherings, religious services, and political rallies, people flocked to the plazas. Many
"promenades" and plazas, sometimes known as parks or open spaces, were found in Spanish colonial
cities. These public areas were utilized by the Filipino population for gatherings, amusement, and
leisure pursuits including sports and games.
The law of the indies has influenced on how the cites in Spanish period was planned. According
to Barretto-Tesoro (2015) The Laws of the Indies and ordinances provided the guidelines for where
settlements should be located and how buildings should be constructed during the Spanish occupation
of the Philippines from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Native American settlement patterns
were drastically altered by these laws, which also produced a hierarchy of space. In this study, two
stone remains in San Juan, Batangas's ancient town are examined in order to trace the town's growth
using the Laws of the Indies and local ordinances as a framework. Including excavation findings, local
resident interviews, and archival research are a few of the study's techniques. Our study demonstrates
that the remains were actually late 1800s household structures.
The walled city of Intramuros according to The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (1998)
Philippines' Metropolitan Manila includes the medieval walled city of Intramuros. The name, which
derives from a Spanish phrase that means "inside walls," relates to the fortified city that the Spanish
conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi constructed near the entrance of the Pasig River shortly after
1571. Although it was technically a part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain in Mexico City, Intramuros rose
to prominence and prospered in the 17th and 18th centuries as the capital of the New Spanish Island
dominion. The University of the City of Manila, Manila Cathedral, Fort Santiago, San Agustin Church,
and other Spanish colonial-era landmarks can be found within the original 146 acres (59 hectares) of
the walls' 20-foot (6-metre) thick enclosure.
American Influence (Influences from the City Beautiful Movement)
After the Philippine-American war in 1902 the as
the Americans builds a new type of government in the
Philippines. They wish to re-plan the war-torn manila and
Baguio. In the article of Morley (2011) Two city designs
for the cities of Manila and Baguio in northern Luzon
Island were drawn up in 1905 as a result of Burnham's
visit to the Philippines. Burnham's urban plans in the
Philippines were to be of great value in sweeping away
problems that had previously plagued the country while
helping forge a pathway to social, economic, and cultural
development never seen before in the archipelago. The
two plans were composed along the same lines as
Burnham's work for the Columbian World's Fair—a
Figure 1: Daniel H. Burnham and Pierce Anderson’s,
scheme said to contain "many features of what an ideal urban plan to redevelop Manila
city might be"—and the 1901-02 McMillan Plan in
Washington, DC.
The Manila Plan
In the article of Morley (2011), in Manila, which had a population of 225,000 in 1900, Burnham
suggested developing a new hub that contained the Government Group, a collection of government
structures. He suggested building a mall close to the government groups to provide a beautiful view of
Manila Bay and a circular plaza nearby the government groups to allow employees to see the people
they are responsible for. The statue- and dome-adorned circular plaza in the middle of the Capitol's
main public edifice was to serve as the eastern terminus of the mall's central alignment. Burnham
believed that the roads would have both functional and aesthetic benefits by facilitating traffic flow and
allowing access to the civic center from all areas of the city.
The Baguio Plan
In the article of Morley (2011), Burnham developed
Baguio, which is 5,000 feet above sea level, to extol the
virtues of US culture. It was made up of two groups of
structures, one for the national government and the other for
the local government. In the middle of the city, between the
local and federal government buildings, is where Burnham
Park was created. With the purpose of providing access to the
core district and its buildings, a geometric road design was
created. Compared to Manila, Baguio's plan was scaled back
in order to accommodate the city's expected population
increase of 800,000. Also, it aimed to develop nine green
spaces that would both enhance the city's beauty and foster
interpersonal connection.
Figure 2: plan for the new city of Baguio (Burnham
and Anderson)

Philippine Common Wealth Period (Influences from the Garden City Movement)
In the paper of Saloma and Akpedonu (2022), a new view of the time's barren, wind-swept plain
of cogon grass and bushes appeared. In line with the so-called Frost-Arellano Plan, Quezon City would
become the new capital of the newly formed nation state of the Philippines in 1949. The 'City of Man'
was envisioned and modeled after the then-famous Garden City Movement by its founding father,
Manuel Quezon, who was also the President of the Philippine Commonwealth at the time. A new
"Promised Land" for the hundreds of thousands of people who had been made homeless by the
devastation of World War II and the complete destruction of the former "Pearl of the Orient," Manila,
Quezon City was to be the showcase of the new country, a testament to the Filipino spirit and work
ethic.
Both the Burnham Plan for Manila City and the Frost-Arellano Plan for Quezon City aimed to build a
new government center, a 4.5-km-long boulevard that would serve as the city's main thoroughfare and
serve as the nation's new capital. Imposing office buildings, five-star hotels, governmental structures,
mansions, cultural organizations, and all the other accoutrements of a youthful, aspirational, growing
nation would be lined up along this road. The plan also called for the establishment of large "green
lung" areas for working class leisure and recreation, as well as public green spaces to facilitate the
socialization of the poor, elite, and workers. These proposals called for the simultaneous establishment
and removal of symbolic barriers in the then-existing Filipino society.
Reference list
Barretto-Tesoro, G. (2015). The Application of the Laws of the Indies in the Pacific: the Excavation of

Two Old Stone-Based Houses in San Juan, Batangas, Philippines. International Journal of

Historical Archaeology, 19(3), 433–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-015-0295-4

Fulgar, I. (2022, December 18). Architecture Of The Philippines, Then And Now. Architect in the

Philippines Into New Designs & Land Ventures.

https://www.ianfulgar.com/architecture/architecture-of-the-philippines-then-and-now/

Morley, I. (2011, September 21). America and the Philippines: Modern Civilization and City Planning -

Association for Asian Studies. Association for Asian Studies.

https://www.asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/america-and-the-philippines/

Saloma, C., & Akpedonu, E. (2022). Parks, plans, and human needs: Metro Manila’s unrealised

urban plans and accidental public green spaces. In International Journal of Urban Sustainable

Development (Vol. 13, Issue 3, pp. 715–727). Taylor & Francis.

https://doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2021.2021418

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (1998, July 20). Intramuros | urban district, Manila,

Philippines. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Intramuros

You might also like