MSU-OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT VICE CHANCELLOR FOR ACADEMIC AFFAIRS

[EXTERNAL UNITS]
2024 SASE BOOSTER REVIEW CLASSES

SCIENCE

Module 1: Earth Science

Directions: Choose the letter that BEST corresponds to your answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth and is held in place by the planet's gravity. It is
comprised of different layers such the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. Which of these layers
serves the important role of protecting the planet from meteoroids?
A. troposphere B. stratosphere C. mesosphere D. thermosphere

2. Planet Earth is made up of four overlapping subsystems that contain all of the world's land masses, water sources,
living organisms, and gases. Which subsystem is comprised of all the waters on Earth, including subsurface and
atmospheric water?
A. hydrosphere B. biosphere C. geosphere D. atmosphere

3. The ozone layer is a region of Earth's atmosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. In 1976,
research revealed that the ozone layer was being depleted by chemicals released by industry, mainly
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). What component of CFCs primarily causes ozone depletion?
A. chlorine B. fluorine C. carbon D. sulfur

4. Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that greatly influence Earth's energy balance by trapping some of the
heat re-radiated from the Earth’s surface. They cause the so-called “greenhouse effect” which helps maintain a
suitable temperature for life. All of the following are greenhouse gases, EXCEPT _________.
A. carbon dioxide (CO2) C. chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
B. methane (CH4) D. nitrous oxide (N2O)

5. Increase in the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere results to “enhanced greenhouse effect” which
causes a rise in global temperature, and consequently, climate change. All of the following human activities, EXCEPT
__________, can cause an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases.
A. agricultural methane emission C. reforestation
B. burning of fossil fuel D. coal mining

6. Climate change refers to a long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Such shifts can be natural, due to
changes in the sun’s activity or large volcanic eruptions. But since the 1800s, human activities have been the main
driver of climate change. Which of the following may help mitigate the effects of climate change?
A. increasing agricultural activities C. use of coal in powerplants
B. use of renewable energy D. use of CFCs

7. Monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing winds of a region. In the Philippines, “Hanging
Amihan” brings a cool and dry wind coming from Siberia and China, and blows down to Southeast Asia. Hanging
Amihan is also known as __________ Monsoon.
A. Southeast B. Southwest C. Northeast D. Northwest

8. A breeze occurs when air moves from an area of higher air pressure to an area of lower air pressure. As the warmer air
rises, the cooler air nearby moves in to replace the rising air. In a sea breeze, the wind blows from __________ at
__________.
A. sea to land, daytime C. land to sea, daytime
B. land to sea, night D. sea to land, night

9. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), known by sailors as the doldrums or the calms because of its
monotonous windless weather, is the area where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge. It encircles
Earth near the thermal equator. The ITCZ frequently brings __________.
A. drought C. fair weather
B. thunderstorms D. decreased precipitation

10. A season is a period of the year that is distinguished by special climate conditions. Throughout the year, different
parts of the Earth receive the Sun's most direct rays leading to different seasons. Which of the following primarily
causes the Earth’s seasons?
A. Earth’s axial tilt C. Earth’s orbit
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 B. Earth’s rotation D. solar variations

11. A solstice is an event in which the Earth's poles are most extremely inclined toward or away from the Sun. In each
hemisphere, the summer solstice is the day with the longest period of daylight. Based on the image below, which
position shows the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere?

Point D

Point A Point C

Point B

A. Point A B. Point B C. Point C D. Point D

12. A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, strong winds, and a spiral
arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain. Tropical cyclones are categorized according to strength.
Which of the following categories has the lowest windspeed?
A. tropical depression C. extratropical cyclone
B. tropical storm D. typhoon

13. The strongest winds and largest cloud development in a typhoon occur in ___________ .
A. inner rainbands C. outer rainbands
B. its eye D. its eyewall

14. El Niño and La Niña are opposite phases of a natural climate pattern across the tropical Pacific Ocean that swings
back and forth every 3-7 years on average. Together, they are called ENSO which is short for El Niño-Southern
Oscillation. Which of the following statements is TRUE about El Niño?
A. El Niño occurs when the trade winds are stronger than normal.
B. El Niño occurs when the polar winds are stronger than normal.
C. El Niño occurs when the trade winds are weaker than normal.
D. El Niño occurs when the trade winds are weaker than normal.

15. Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area and is determined by several factors. Which of the
following does NOT greatly affect the climate of a region?
A. prevailing wind B. longitude C. relief D. presence of body of water

16. El Niño brings opposing weather to eastern and western Pacific. Which of the following conditions is NOT brought
by El Niño?
A. rise in sea surface temperature over eastern Pacific
B. drier weather conditions over western Pacific
C. heavy rains in eastern Pacific
D. upwelling in eastern Pacific

17. Which of the following BEST explains why places at the same latitudes but at different altitudes have different
climates?
A. They are exposed to different prevailing wind systems.
B. They receive different amounts of solar radiation.
C. The air gets warmer as altitude increases.
D. The air gets colder as altitude increases.

18. Topography and the presence of body of water can greatly influence the weather and climate of an area. Which of the
following statements is TRUE?
A. The leeward side of a mountain receives more precipitation than the windward side.
B. The leeward side of a mountain is drier than the windward side.
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 C. Areas close to a body of water tend to have extreme climate.
D. Areas close to a body of water tend to have colder climate.

19. Why are places at and near the poles much colder than places at and near the equator?
A. The sunlight received by places at and near the poles is more spread out.
B. Places at and near the poles are surrounded by body of water.
C. Places at and near the poles receive the most direct sunlight.
D. Places at and near the poles are at higher altitude.

20. An eclipse happens when one celestial object, such as a planet or moon, moves into the shadow of another celestial
body. When does a solar eclipse occur?
A. when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon and casts a shadow on the Moon
B. when the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun and Casts a shadow on Earth
C. when the Sun is between the Earth and the Moon and casts a shadow on Earth
D. when the Moon is between the Earth and Mars and casts a shadow on Earth

21. The Moon does not have its own light and can only reflect light from the Sun. Only the side of the Moon that faces
the Sun can reflect this light and appear bright. When the Moon goes in its orbit around the Earth, different parts of
the Moon appear to be illuminated. What phase of the Moon is observed when it is on the same side of the Earth as
the Sun.
A. full moon C. first quarter
B. new moon D. last quarter

22. What phase of the Moon comes after a full moon?

A. waxing gibbous C. new moon
B. waning gibbous D. half moon

23. A star is any massive self-luminous celestial body of gas that shines by radiation derived from its internal energy
sources. What is the most abundant element in stars?
A. hydrogen B. helium C. carbon D. oxygen

24. What do we call the period in a star’s evolution when it is fusing hydrogen into helium?
A. main sequence C. stellar nebula
B. red giant D. supernova

25. Which of the following shows the CORRECT order of the evolutionary cycle of an average-mass star?
A. nebula, protostar, main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, protostar
B. nebula, protostar, main sequence, red supergiant, supernova, black hole
C. nebula, protostar, main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf
D. nebula, protostar, main sequence, red supergiant, supernova, black hole

26. Which of the following theories claims that 13.7 billion years ago, the universe began as just a single point, then
expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is right now—and it is still expanding?
A. Pulsating Universe Theory C. Steady State theory
B. Infinite Universe Theory D. Big bang Theory

27. Which theory supports the idea that a spinning cloud of dust made of mostly light elements, flattened into a
protoplanetary disk, and became a solar system consisting of a star with orbiting planets.
A. Planetesimal Hypothesis C. Nebular Hypothesis
B. Capture Theory D. Tidal Theory

28. A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor its remnant. our Solar System has eight
planets: the terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, and the gas giant planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune. What is the largest terrestrial planet?
A. Mercury B. Venus C. Earth D. Jupiter

29. An asteroid is a minor planet—an object that is neither a true planet nor a comet—that orbits within the inner Solar
System. Where is the main asteroid belt located?
A. between Venus and Earth C. between Mercury and Venus
B. between Earth and Mars D. between Mars and Jupiter

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30. A cosmic snowball of rocks, dusts, frozen gases that grow its tails as it comes nearer to the sun is referred to as a
comet. Where do most short-period comets originate?
A. Oort Cloud C. Main Asteroid Belt
B. Kuiper Belt D. Halley Belt

Prepared by:

SALWA S. AMPASO
MSU-OAVCAA/MSU-SAGUIARAN CHS