THE EFFECTS OF TRUANCY ON SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL HUMSS STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

HUMSS 12- CRIM 1

GROUP 7

Source/ Citation Year Research Methodology Participants Findings Conclusion/

1. Isah, K. & Tijani, 2023 Examining the Descriptive Seventy The study found a The study found that truancy
M. (2023). impact of Research significant relationship hinders a child's learning and
Examining the truancy on four (74) between truant behavior has broad-reaching effects
Impact of Truancy academic students from and academic on the child, parents,
on Academic performance of each of the performance, aligning teachers, and society. Truant
Performance of senior secondary local with previous research by behavior undermines the
Senior Secondary school students government in Nwadiani (2009), which purpose of academic
School Students in in kano state, Kano state, suggested that truancy, performance as a subject in
Kano State, Nigeria. nigeria Nigeria could lead to poor school. If a child consistently
Retrieved on: namely Gwale academic achievement performs poorly
December 3, 2023 LG,Taruni LG, and other negative academically, it suggests a
Retrieved from: Fagge LG and consequences. The potential failure to achieve
https://fujrepac.fudu Nassarawa LG. findings also supported long-term educational goals.
tsinma.edu.ng/index. the idea that there is no The consequences of truancy
php/fujrepac/issue/vi significant difference in extend beyond the individual
ew/1 academic performance student, impacting various
between male and female aspects of the educational
truants, consistent with system and society as a
the work of Fareo (2013) whole.
and other studies. Odu et
al. (2005) argued that
gender does not
significantly influence
truancy, as both male and
female students are
exposed to similar
environmental factors
 contributing to truant
behavior. However, Reid
(2000) presented a
contrasting view,
suggesting that females,
especially from
disadvantaged
backgrounds, might
engage in truancy more
due to household
responsibilities or
economic reasons.

2. Ampofo, E. T., 2022 Truancy as Descriptive Junior High Truancy, as described by Efforts to stop students from
Opoku, K., & Predictor of Research School Finning et al. (2019), skipping school are
Opoku-Manu, M. Poor Academic refers to not attending or important due to the serious
(2022). Truancy as Performance teachers and staying at school for at academic and societal
Predictor of Poor among Junior students from least half a day in the past consequences. Despite
Academic High School five (5) of three months without attempts, truancy remains a
Performance among Students in Asante school permission, a valid widespread problem not
Junior High School Ashanti Mampong excuse, or anxiety. Their effectively dealt with
Students in Ashanti Mampong study showed no gender nationally. Analyzing
Mampong Municipality of Municipality's differences in moderate or truancy patterns over time
Municipality of Ghana nine (9) high truancy. Similarly, with different factors reveals
Ghana. European circuits. Teuscher and Makarova a more detailed picture.
Journal of Education (2018) found no gender Surprisingly, this study
and Pedagogy, 3(2), variations in truancy rates concludes that gender doesn't
70–78. in a large-scale national influence truancy, but factors
https://doi.org/10.24 study. Overall, the like family finances and
018/ejedu.2022.3.2. researchers didn't find school environment do.
164 December 3, evidence to reject the idea
2023 Retrieved that there's no significant
from:https://doi.org/ difference between gender
10.24018/ejedu.202 and truancy among
2.3.2.164 students, as suggested by
the study and related
literature.
3. Olwande, H. 2021 The Relationship Correlational Teachers and The findings showed that The study found that
(2021). The between truancy, Research students from when students skipped skipping school (truancy) is
Relationship academic Design forms two and classes, it negatively linked to poor academic
between Truacy, performance and three affected their academic performance. The research
Academic school dropout performance, and there showed a direct negative
Perfomance and among students was a direct link between impact of truancy on
School Dropout truancy and lower grades. students' grades at Olympic
among Students. A A case study of Additionally, truancy was High School in Nairobi. This
case study of olympic found to have a positive aligns with other studies
Olympic Highschool highschool in relationship with school indicating that students who
in Kibra, Nairobi Kibra, Nairobi dropout, meaning that miss classes tend to perform
County.December county students who skipped poorly.
4,2023 Retrieved classes were more likely
from:http://ereposito to leave school before Additionally, the study found
ry.uonbi.ac.ke/handl completing their studies. that truancy also contributes
e/11295/16110 Overall, the study to students dropping out of
concluded that truancy school. The research
not only harms academic revealed a strong connection
performance but also between skipping classes and
increases the risk of not completing school. This
students dropping out of supports previous studies
school at Olympic High suggesting that truancy is a
School in Kibra, Nairobi. barrier to academic success
and can lead to low self-
esteem, ultimately resulting
in students quitting school.

4. Fareo, D. & 2019 Influence of Descriptive twenty-three The effects of truancy Truancy or skipping school,
(2019). Influence of Truancy on survey research secondary involve low academic seriously impacts students'
Truancy on Academic design school students achievement, demotion, learning and academic
Academic Achievements of in Maiha Local probation, dropout, performance. It leads to low
Achievements of Secondary learning difficulties, grades, demotion, probation,
Secondary School School Students Government increased risk of and even dropping out.
Students in Maiha in Maiha Local Area of expulsion, and Truant students may face
Local Government Government Adamawa engagement in negative difficulties in learning,
Area of Adamawa Area of State behaviors like drug abuse increase the likelihood of
State. Retrieved on: Adamawa State or theft. Strategies to curb expulsion, and engage in
December 4, 2023 truancy include students negative behaviors like drug
Retrieved from: considering the abuse and theft. This affects
http://www.easpubli consequences, parental future career opportunities.
sher.com/easjehl involvement, monitoring To tackle truancy, students
children's behavior, should consider its
providing a conducive consequences on themselves
learning environment, and society. Parents need to
implementing firm actively support their
policies, and counseling. children, monitor their
These strategies are behavior, and schools should
supported by previous provide a positive learning
research emphasizing the environment with qualified
roles of students, parents, staff and necessary materials.
schools, and the Strict policies against
community in addressing truancy, known
truancy. consequences, and
counseling by school
The study's hypotheses counselors can help address
confirm a significant this issue.
relationship between
truancy and academic
performance, as well as a
connection between
school physical
environment and truancy.
However, it suggests no
significant difference in
academic performance
between male and female
truants, indicating that
both genders may face
similar challenges and
influences on their
academic abilities.
5. BASSEY, I. 2020 Truancy and Simple random (200) The findings showed that The study was recommended
(2020), Truancy and Secondary techniques respondents truancy significantly that well behaved students
Secondary School School Students’ who were influences the academic should be given special
Students’ Academic Academic randomly performance of secondary recognition /award by the
Performance in Performance in selected school students in English school and other well -
English Language. English language. meaning individuals, as
Available at SSRN, Language recommended by the school
Retrieved on authorities.
December 5, 2023.
Retrieved
from:https://oapub.o
rg/edu/index.php/eje
s/article/view/3887

6. Bruce, E. (2023), 2023 Causes and Case study 120 of pupils The Findings showed that This study recommends that
Causes and Level of Level of design. from a target there was effect of counseling pupils effectively
Truancy among Truancy among population of truancy on academic must be done by the
Primary School Primary School 90. performance of pupils in management of the school to
Pupils: Adjena Pupils: A Case Adjena United Basic understand background of
United Basic Study of Adjena School. pupils and thereby placing
School.Int. J. Sci. United Basic value and instilling
Res. In School confidence into the pupils.
Multidisciplinary
Studies Vol 9 No.4.
Retrieved on
December 5,2023.
Retrieved from:
https://doi.org/10.10
63/1.5041712

7. Ahmad, N., UI- 2018 The impact of Descriptive, 98 diploma in The findings of this study This study suggested that
Saufie, A., class Correlational engineering indicated that there are the academic performance
Mohamed, S., absenteeism on and Regression students who significant differences was significantly affected by
Ahmat, H., & Mohd, student’s Model Design enrolled in between class attendance absenteeism. The result
Z., (2018) The academic Calculus and academic showed there were
impact of class performance course performance significantly moderate
absenteeism on using regression negative correlation between
student’s academic models number of absenteeism and
performance using final exam scores (r = -
regression models. 0.611, p-value <0.05).
AIP Conf. Proc,
Retrieved on
December 5, 2023
Retrieved from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.
2139/ssrn.3606216

8. Anchenta, R., 2021 Effect of class Correlational This study The findings of this study To address the issue, a
Daniel, D., & attendance on Design aimed to find students’ class attendance holistic approach to engage
Ahmad R., (2021) academic out the is very critical in terms of students both within and
Effect of class performance relationship learning as it affects outside the classroom is
attendance on between class students’ achievement. recommended.
academic attendance and
performance. academic
European Journal of performance of
Education Studies the L3 Omani
Vol.8 No. 9. undergraduate
Retrieved on students in
December 5, 2023 their English
Retrieved from: courses during
http://ttu.cc/jJar8vPS the first
semester of
2020-2021.

9. Martin, N., 2019 The Causes of Experimental 3% (36/1,190) The study identified key The study investigated
Patacsil, D., & Absenteeism and research of the Senior reasons why Senior High absenteeism and truancy
Retuerne, R. (2019). Truancy in High School School learners struggle among 36 learners in a
The Causes of Senior High population to achieve Perfect region's Elementary and
Absenteeism and School of Don Attendance. Laziness, High Schools. The findings
Truancy in Senior Eulogio de cutting class, and being a suggest that absenteeism
High School of Don Guzman working student were the may lead to truancy if
Eulogio de Guzman Memorial primary challenges. In unaddressed. Out of 29
Memorial National National High public schools, the top absentees, 81% could
High School School Towards problems hindering become truants if not
Towards A A Proposed Perfect Attendance were handled. The 7 identified
Proposed School School Solution transportation issues truants were initially
Solution Strategies. Strategies (ranked 1), unexcused considered absentees, but
Southeast Asian absences, juvenile due to oversight, they may
Journal of Science delinquency, and become drop-outs. The
and Technology engaging in household school lacks a Registered
Vol.4 No.1, 75-80 chores instead of Guidance Counselor, and
Retrieved on attending school (ranked there's no budget for
December 4 from 3), peer influence (ranked proposed solutions. Strand B
http://tinyurl.com/3n 5), and parents' financial had the most struggling
js8v6w constraints (ranked 6). learners, and the main causes
All of these challenges include laziness, class-
received consistently high cutting, and financial support
descriptive ratings of for families. Teacher-related
"always." factors also contribute to
absenteeism.

10. Bajon, R. 2022 Causes, effects Descriptive The study The research revealed The study recommended
(2022) Causes, and remedies of design comprised of that truancy stems from among other things that
effects and remedies truancy among all the 11,765 factors such as physical parents should supervise and
of truancy among secondary school senior or mental health issues, monitor their children
secondary school students in secondary substance abuse, family academic activities and the
students in Jalingo, Jalingo, Taraba school students disruption, severe government should provide
Taraba state, state, Nigeria in the 34 disciplinary measures, adequate facilities in schools.
Nigeria. Journal of secondary insufficient parental
Educational schools in oversight, subpar
Research in Jalingo. academic achievements,
Developing Areas limited parental income,
Vol.3 No2, 159-167 an unsupportive school
Retrieved on: environment, bullying,
December 4 from and inappropriate
http://tinyurl.com/yf teaching methods. The
cswcnc repercussions of truancy
encompass dropping out
of school, diminished
academic performance,
and involvement in
criminal activities,
violence, substance
misuse, family instability,
and diminished self-
esteem. Addressing
truancy involves
revisiting disciplinary
policies, enhancing
parental supervision and
monitoring of students'
academic endeavors,
providing adequate
facilities in schools,
educating students about
the perils of substance
abuse, and attending to
the needs of students
dealing with physical and
mental health challenges.

11. Birdawod, H. 2022 Using Factor Descriptive and Male and Factors encompass The researcher conducted a
(2022) Using factor Analysis to Correlational Female academic, social, study using the principal
analysis to Determine the Design students of economic, transportation, components method to
determine the most Most Important Cihan and administrative analyze the factors
important factors Factors University- aspects, shedding light on influencing student
affecting student Affecting Erbil. the multifaceted reasons absenteeism, separately for
absenteeism at Student behind student both genders. The findings
Cihan University- Absenteeism at absenteeism. Addressing include the identification of
Erbil. Cihan Cihan these factors may nine main moral factors
University-Erbil University-Erbil contribute to reducing affecting absenteeism. The
Scientific Journal absenteeism and explained ratio of total
Vol.6 No.2, 1-8 improving overall student variance increased when
Retrieved on engagement. analyzing each gender
December 5 from individually, emphasizing
http://tinyurl.com/mj the importance of gender-
hs94dk specific analysis. The study
highlighted key variables
such as curriculum,
organizational climate,
transportation, and recreation
as significant contributors to
absenteeism. Results
indicated gender-specific
differences in the order and
importance of variables
affecting absenteeism. The
researcher emphasized the
need for students to provide
genuine reasons for
absenteeism to achieve
meaningful results.

12. Yankyerah, A., 2023 Understanding Descriptive Students, The research conducted The study concludes by
Asari, K. & Ofori, Truancy among non- teachers, in Senior High Schools encouraging students to
K. (2023) Senior High experimental parents and (SHSs) in the Offinso persevere and make the most
Understanding School Students school Municipality of Ghana of available resources,
Truancy among in the Offinso reveals a unanimous drawing on the authors'
Senior High School Municipality of Administrato of belief among personal experiences as
Students in the Ghana the three senior respondents, including examples. The emphasis on
Offinso high schools in administrators, teachers, social connectedness and
Municipality of the Offinso students, and parents, that bonding with teachers,
Ghana. Archives of Municipalityrs truancy are prevalent in schoolmates, families, and
Current Research all three SHSs in the friends reinforces the
International Vol.23 municipality. The study message that overcoming
No.7, 205-225 highlights the common challenges can lead to
Retrieved on occurrence of regular success in education despite
December 5 from absenteeism without adversities. Overall, the
http://tinyurl.com/3k permission, with research provides valuable
9n4u3d administrators and insights into the multifaceted
 teachers expressing nature of truancy and
strong agreement on the suggests targeted
issue. Peer influence, interventions at both the
students' dislike for school and home levels to
particular teachers, and address the issue effectively.
the lack of interest in
school emerge as key
factors contributing to
truancy

13. Ramberg, J., 2019 School Correlational Students and Truancy poses significant The current study showed
Låftman, S., effectiveness Design teachers from risks at individual and that features of school
Fransson, E., & and truancy: a 46 upper societal levels, and effectiveness such as school
Modin, B. (2019) multilevel study secondary understanding its causes is leadership and school ethos
School effectiveness of upper schools in crucial. This study are negatively associated
and truancy: a secondary Stockholm explores the role of school with truancy among students
multilevel study of schools in municipality. effectiveness in preventing attending their second year
upper secondary Stockholm truancy, focusing on of upper secondary school in
schools in leadership, teacher Stockholm. The results
Stockholm. cooperation, and school demonstrate that schools in
International Journal ethos. Results show that which the teachers rate the
of Adolescence and higher ratings of school leadership and the ethos as
Youth Vol.24 No.2, leadership and ethos are high, students are
185-198 Retrieved associated with lower significantly less likely to
on December 3,2023 truancy rates, even when report truancy, even when
Retrieved considering demographic adjusting for socio-
from:https://doi.org/ factors. However, teacher demographic characteristics
10.1080/02673843.2 cooperation didn't show a at the student- and the
018.1503085 significant association. school-level. The findings
The findings align with indicate that strengthening
prior research schools’ leadership and ethos
emphasizing the may reduce truancy among
importance of a positive their students, and indirectly
school climate in reducing also protect against the
truancy. To combat negative consequences
 truancy, interventions related to truancy.
should target individuals
and implement clear
policies at the school and
national levels,
particularly strengthening
school ethos in less
effective schools.

14. Al Hazaa, K., 2021 The effects of Correlational Students with The study reveals a In summary, the study
Abdel-Salam, A. G., attendance and research Design DFW grades negative relationship suggests that increased
Ismail, R., Johnson, high school between class attendance attendance is linked to a
C., Al-Tameemi, R. GPA on and the likelihood of decreased likelihood of
A. N., Romanowski, student receiving a DFW grade, receiving DFW (grades
M. H., BenSaid, A., performance in supported by an odds ratio indicating academic
Ben Haj Rhouma, first-year of 0.651. Additionally, struggles). Academic
M., & Elatawneh, A. undergraduate high-school performance, performance in college is
(2021). The effects courses measured by HSGPA, often viewed as a reflection
of attendance and shows a strong negative of attendance, which
high school GPA on correlation with DFW enhances learning through
student performance probability (odds ratio = interaction. Compulsory
in first-year 0.237). The interaction attendance is advocated for
undergraduate between attendance and its positive correlation with
courses. Cogent HSGPA significantly academic success. Missing
Education, 8(1), influences DFW outcomes classes is associated with
1956857. Retrieved (odds ratio = 1.013). underperformance,
on December 3,2023 Course language is a equivalent to a grade drop.
Retrieved factor, with students in Despite other influencing
from:https://doi.org/ Arabic courses being factors, attendance remains a
10.1080/2331186X. 2.847 times more likely to significant predictor of
2021.1956857 get DFW. Academic academic success.
standing, nationality, Additionally, a strong
major, and total earned negative relationship exists
semesters also impact between high-school
DFW likelihood. The performance and the
study confirms multi-way likelihood of receiving DFW
associations, emphasizing in college. High school
the significance of achievements, particularly
 demographic and GPA, are crucial predictors
interaction effects. of university performance,
emphasizing their
importance in placement
decisions. The study aligns
with prior research
highlighting the foundational
role of high school academic
performance in higher
education success.

15.Nti, S. K. (2019). 2019 Factors Mixed method Three students, The study identifies Senior High School Visual
Factors affecting affecting low Design who have various factors Art students face challenges
low academic academic similar contributing to low with limited infrastructure,
performance of performance of characteristics academic performance lacking space and tools for
visual art students in visual art of students in among visual arts students practical assignments.
selected senior high students in all four schools in the Ejisu municipality There's a desire for
schools in the Ejisu selected senior in the Ejisu and Tulkarem schools. exhibitions, but opportunities
Municipality, high schools in Municipality, These factors include are scarce. Outdated teaching
Ashanti Region, the Ejisu Ashanti distractions, low methods and a negative
Ghana. Retrieved Municipality, Region, Ghana. motivation, parental perception from teachers
on:December 3,2023 Ashanti Region, involvement, health and hinder student enthusiasm.
Retrieved from: Ghana. behavioral issues, lack of Some students resort to
https://bit.ly/3Nutftl self-desire to study, a paying others for
sense of disconnection assignments due to a lack of
from school, and teachers' understanding and
insufficient knowledge of inadequate materials.
modern educational and
psychological theories.
Recommendations include
minimizing distractions,
focusing on motivation,
strengthening science
subjects, and adopting
modern teaching methods
to address these
challenges.
16. Mireles-Rios, R., 2020 Pushed out for Mixed Method Thirty-nine This study delves into The study aimed to
Rios, V. M., & missing school: Design former high students' perspectives on comprehend and address the
Reyes, A. (2020). The role of school students being pushed out of factors contributing to a
Pushed out for social who were school, revealing a pushout culture in schools.
missing school: The disparities and pushed out of commonality in To achieve this, the proposed
role of social school truancy school experiences despite educational policy
disparities and in dropping out. diverse high school emphasizes incorporating
school truancy in settings. The findings emotional support from
dropping out. underscore the need for caring adults, addressing
Education Sciences, improved communication health disparities, and
10(4), 108. between educators and integrating community
Retrieved on students, especially voices. By providing a
December 3,2023 regarding explicit toolkit for school districts to
Retrieved messaging and involving train educators and
from:https://doi.org/ parents. Mental and administrators in effective
10.3390/educsci100 physical health emerged as communication with parents
40108 prominent factors leading and students, the policy aims
to absenteeism, to intervene before students
emphasizing the face exclusion. Ultimately,
importance of addressing these measures could
these issues for effective enhance teacher-student
intervention. engagement, potentially
Transportation challenges reducing the likelihood of
in urban areas and a shift student pushouts and
in school counselors' increasing opportunities for
approach towards a students of color to pursue
technical role pose higher education.
additional obstacles. The
study highlights the
critical role of building
supportive relationships
with students, advocating
for cultural responsiveness
and challenging practices
that contribute to dropout
rates, urging a focus on
intervention programs for
at-risk students.
17. Gonzales, A., 2019 Dimensions of Concurrent 91 Senior High Truants, identified as both Truant adolescents exhibit a
Lopez, M., & Personality and Triangular School truants extroverted and neurotic mix of neuroticism and
Manibo, J. (2019). Symptoms of Design from different individuals, tend to seek stability in their personality
Dimensions of Anxiety and selected public excitement, act traits, with borderline
Personality and Depression as and private impulsively, and prioritize symptoms of major
Symptoms of Predictors of schools in social engagement over depression. Despite
Anxiety and Academic Batangas school activities. Their satisfactory academic
Depression as Performance Province difficulty in emotional performance, interview data
Predictors of among Truant regulation and suggests challenges in
Academic Adolescents susceptibility to negative handling emotions,
Performance among emotions contribute to particularly anxiety and
Truant Adolescents. mood fluctuations and a depression. School type
Asia Pacific Journal tendency to withdraw significantly influences these
of Education, Arts from responsibilities like factors, while gender is
and Sciences Vol. 6 attending school. This linked to academic
No.4, 27-40 emotional aspect, coupled performance, and academic
Retrieved on: with their extroverted strand relates to symptoms of
December 8, 2023 nature, leads to truancy as anxiety and depression.
Retrieved they prioritize immediate Notably, only generalized
from:http://tinyurl.co pleasures and social anxiety significantly predicts
m/mrybb4yn events over academic academic performance. To
obligations. address these issues, a
proposed intervention
program aims to prevent
depression and enhance
mental health among truant
adolescents.

18. MWANSA, V. 2021 The effects of mixed method Teachers, The findings of a study The study focused on
(November 2021). truancy and design Deputy Head that focused on truancy truancy's impact on academic
The effects of academic teachers and among learners, the performance and teacher
truancy and Performance in Head teachers challenges faced by effectiveness in selected
academic secondary from three teachers due to truancy, boarding secondary schools
performance in schools: a study selected and the relationship in Namwala district. It found
secondary schools: a of Selected boarding between truancy and high levels of truancy, with
study of selected boarding secondary academic performance. family factors playing a more
boarding secondary secondary schools in The research revealed significant role than school
schools of Namwala schools of Namwala high levels of truancy in factors. Teachers faced
district, Zambia. Namwala District the selected schools. challenges such as poor
Retrieved on: district, Zambia. Teachers encountered curriculum coverage and
December 8,2023 challenges such as poor difficulty executing lesson
Retrieved from: curriculum coverage, plans due to truancy.
https://bit.ly/47Uvoq difficulties in executing Additionally, truancy
u lesson plans, a lack of negatively affected discipline
understanding of subject fostering efforts. The study
contents, and issues in concluded that truancy led to
maintaining discipline. inadequate learning, loss of
The study also established academic confidence, and
a critical relationship poor academic records,
between truancy and ultimately affecting students'
academic performance, academic performance
emphasizing the
significant impact of
truancy on students'
educational achievements.

19. Buchele, S. 2020 Evaluating the Quasi- Students in The study investigated the This study explored the
(April 23, 2020). link between Experimental higher relationship between connection between
Evaluating the link attendance and Designs education attendance, cognitive and attending lectures and
between attendance performance in behavioral engagement tutorials, classroom
and performance in higher dimensions, and final engagement, and academic
higher education - education - the exam performance. While performance in higher
the role of classroom role of positive correlations were education. Unlike many
engagement classroom found, attendance alone previous studies that only
dimensions. engagement showed a weak examined attendance or
Retrieved on dimensions association with exam engagement separately, this
December 8, 2023 success. Two hypotheses research filled that gap. The
Retrieved from: were formulated, with findings revealed that
https://bit.ly/3Rojuhs results indicating partial cognitive engagement
mediation by partially and behavioral
metacognitive regulation engagement fully mediated
and complete mediation the relationship between
by task value for cognitive attendance and performance.
engagement. Behavioral The study suggests that
 engagement, particularly future research on student
tutorial engagement, fully attendance should also
mediated the relationship consider classroom
between attendance and engagement and other
exam performance, motivational factors.
highlighting its Additionally, it recommends
significance. The study that educators emphasize
emphasized the teaching methods that
importance of behavioral promote active learning and
engagement over mere behavioral engagement for
attendance, especially in improved outcomes.
small group tutorials
fostering active discussion
and participation. The
findings suggested that
large lectures might not
encourage behavioral
engagement, potentially
explaining their weaker
correlation with exam
performance compared to
tutorials. The study
recommended considering
behavioral engagement in
future research on
predictors of exam
performance.

20. Sekiwu, D., 2020 Investigating Correlational Composed of The study explores factors The study highlights a
Ssempala, F., & the relationship Design pupils, teachers influencing academic positive connection between
Frances, N. (2020). between school and head performance, with 88.2% school attendance and
Investigating the attendance and teachers, and attributed to various academic performance,
relationship between academic all these elements beyond school although attendance alone
school attendance performance in totaled to 104 attendance. Bradley has a limited impact. It
and academic universal participants (70 (2015) identifies factors emphasizes the need to
performance in primary males, 50 like family and consider additional factors
universal primary education: The females) from community support, influencing academic
education: The case case of Uganda four UPE inequity, social inclusion, success. The research
of Uganda. African schools. multiple school identifies poor academic
Educational enrollments, and family performance in UPE
Research Journal mobility. The model (Universal Primary
Vol. 8(2), pp. 152- predicts academic Education) schools, with
160 Retrieved on: performance increase, and variations between regular
December 9,2023 the impact of school attendees and chronic
Retrieved attendance is examined. A absentees, showing a decline
from:https://idr.kab.a 20% rise in attendance in performance with
c.ug/handle/20.500.1 results in a mere 3.07% increased absenteeism. To
2493/418 performance increase, address these issues, the
indicating its limited researchers recommend
influence. A 60% increase community-school
yields 3.87%, and a 100% interaction programs, free
rise shows only 4.67%. lunch, subsidies or free
Thus, school attendance uniforms, an enriched
alone has a minimal curriculum, one-on-one
effect, emphasizing the tutoring, and acknowledge
crucial role of other certain study limitations,
factors (88.2%) like such as challenges in
teaching quality, parental obtaining timely attendance
support, academic culture, and academic records, and
and learner discipline in difficulties in adhering to
enhancing academic participant timelines.
performance in UPE
schools.