ACTIVITY:

Appointment
Clock
Instructions:
1. On a piece of paper, draw a clock
(with time number and clock
hands).
2. When I give the signal, each of
you will move around the room to
approach a classmate (partner).
3. Then, have him/her answer the
posted question. Let him/her sign
your paper before another round
starts.
Instructions:

4. After the activity, a sharer (random)

will be selected to explain and share
their findings from the activity in front
of the class. (In English ;) )

Please prepare a ¼ sheet of paper

with your name written on it then fold it
into 2.
 Are you
ready?
Let’s start!
 Set your
appointment
to :
 2 o’clock
If you will be given the
chance to change your
name, what would it
be and why?
 Set your
appointment
to :
 4 o’clock
What do you do when
you have nothing to
do?
☺
 Set your
appointment
to :
 6 o’clock
Do you believe in
destiny? Why or why
not?
 Set your
appointment
to :
 8 o’clock
What makes you
happy?
 Set your
appointment
to :
 10 o’clock

Who is your idol?

Why?
 Set your
appointment
to :
12 o’clock
Answer the
question:
Who am I?
Let the draw lots
decide~
Sharing
time!
Welcome to

PR 1
Class!
INQUIRY-BASED
LEARNING
INQUIRY
⮚ learning process that
motivates you to obtain
knowledge or information
about people, things, places,
or events.
BENEFITS OF INQUIRY-
BASED LEARNING
1. Elevates interpretative thinking through graphic skills.
2. Improves student learning abilities.
3. Widens learners’ vocabulary.
4. Facilitates problem-solving acts.
5. Increases social awareness and cultural knowledge.
6. Encourages cooperative learning.
7. Provides mastery of procedural knowledge.
8. Encourages higher-order thinking strategies.
9. Hastens conceptual understanding.
RESEARCH
various mental acts for
discovering and examining
facts and information to prove
the accuracy or truthfulness of
your claims or conclusions
about the topic of your
research.
-Litchman 2013
❖ Way of discovering new
knowledge, applying
knowledge in various ways
as well as seeing
relationships of ideas,
events, and situations.
Characteristics of
Research
 Accuracy
• Accurate data, which the
footnotes, notes, and
bibliographical should
honestly and appropriately
documented or
acknowledged.
Objectiveness
• It must deal
with facts.
 Timeliness
• Work on a topic that is
fresh, new, and
interesting to the present
society.
 Relevance
• Topic must be
instrumental in improving
society
 Clarity
• It must succeed in
expressing its central point
or discoveries by using
simple, direct, concise, and
correct language.
Systematic
• It must take place in an
organized or orderly
manner
Purposes of
Research
1. To work independently
2. To work scientifically or
systematically
3. To have an in-depth
knowledge of something
4. To elevate your mental
abilities
5. To improve your reading and
writing skills
6. To be familiar with basic tools of
research an the various techniques
of gathering data and of presenting
research findings
7. To free yourself to a certain
extent, from the domination of
textbooks.
Types of
Research
1.Based on Application of
Research Method
Pure Research
- it deals with concepts, principles,
or abstract things.
Applied Research
- applying your research to societal
problems or issues
2.Based on the Purpose of
the Research
Descriptive Research
-defining or giving a verbal portrayal
or picture of a person, thing, event,
group, situation, etc.
Correlational Research
- shows the relationship or
connectedness of two
factors, circumstances, or
agents called variables that
affect the research.
Explanatory Research
- this type of research
elaborates or explains not just
the reasons behind relationship
of two factors, but also the ways
by which such relationship exists
Exploratory Research
- to find out how
reasonable or possible it is to
conduct a research study on
a certain topic.
Action Research
- studies on ongoing
practice of a school,
organization, community, or
institution for the purpose of
obtaining results.
1.Based on Types of Data
Needed
Qualitative Research
-uses words rather than
numbers to express the results,
the inquiry, or investigation about
people’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings,
views, and lifestyles regarding the
object of the study.
Quantitative Research
- involves measurement of
data. It presents findings
referring to the number or
frequency of something in
numerical forms.
Approaches to
Research
Scientific or positive
Approach
• discover and measure
information as well as
observe and control
variables in an
impersonal manner.
 Naturalistic
Approach
• directs you to deal with
qualitative data that
speak of how people
behave toward their
surrounding.
 Triangulation
Approach
• Combining these two
approaches in designing your
research.
• It gives opportunity to view every
angle of research from different
perspective(Badke 2012;
Silverman 2013)
 Qualitative
Research and Its
importance in Daily
Life
Subjectivity in Qualitative
Research is true, not only for
an individual or a group under
study, but also for you, the
researcher, because of your
personal involvement in every
stage of your research.
(Coghan 2014)
1. Exchange ideas with one another about
the hottest issues in town, community, or
school.
2. Share with your classmates some ways
and techniques that you know on
becoming knowledgeable about a lot of
things in this world such as those within
your own world, among your friends,
schoolmates, loved ones, and so on.
At the end of this
lesson, let’s
answer the
following
questions:
On your notebook,
answer the
following
questions based
on the activity
Based on the activity, how do you
describe QUALITATIVE research?
What would you tell Senator Villar
about Research? Explicate your
answer.
 Using your materials, make a
weaved form symbol of how you
perceive QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH.

In 5 minutes, work productively.

Please be ready discuss your
work to the class.
• Human understanding and interpretation
• Active, powerful and forceful
• Multiple research and methods
• Specificity to generalization
• Contextualization
• Diversified data in real-life situation
• Abounds with words and visuals
• Internal Analysis
Characteristics
of Qualitative
Research
1. Human understanding and
interpretation
Data analysis results show an
individual’s mental, social, and
spiritual understanding of the world.
Hence, through their worldviews, you
come to know what kind of human
being he/she is, including his/her
values, beliefs, likes, and dislikes.
2. Active, powerful, and
forceful
You are not fixated to a certain plan.
Rather, you are inclined to discover your
qualitative research design as your study
gradually unfolds or reveals itself in
accordance with your research objectives
3. Multiple research and
methods
Qualitative research allows you
to approach or plan your study in
varied ways. You are free to combine
this with quantitative research and
use all gathered data and analysis
techniques.
4. Specificity to
generalization
It follows an inductive or
scientific method of thinking, where
you start thinking of particular or
specific concept that will eventually
lead you to more complex ideas such
as generalizations or conclusions.
5. Contextualization
A qualitative research involves all
variables, factors, or conditions
affecting the study. Your goal here is
to understand human behavior. Thus,
it is crucial for you to examine the
context or situation of an individual’s
life—the who, what, why, how, and
other circumstances—affecting his or
her way of life.
6. Diversified data in real-life
situation
A qualitative researcher prefers
collecting data in a natural setting like
observing people as they live and
work, analyzing photographs or videos
as they genuinely appear to people,
and looking at classrooms unchanged
or adjusted to people’s intentional
observations .
 7. Abounds with words
and visuals
Data gathering through interviews
or library reading, as well as the
presentation of data analysis
results, is done verbally.
8. Internal Analysis
Here, you examine the data
yielded by the internal traits of
the subject individuals (i.e.,
emotional, mental, spiritual
characteristics).
Types of Qualitative
Research
 Case Study
• long time study of a person,
group, organization, or
situations
• find answers to why such
thing occurs to the subject
 Ethnography
• Study of a particular group
to get a clear understanding
of its organizational set-up,
internal operation, and
lifestyle.
Phenomenology
• Study of how people find
their experiences
meaningful.
Content and Discourse
Analysis
• Content Analysis
- analysis or examination of
the substance or content of the
mode of communication used by
a person, group organization, or
any institution in communicating.
 Discourse
analysis
• Study of language structures
used in the medium of
communication to discover the
effects of sociological, cultural,
institutional, and ideological
factors.
Historical Analysis
• Examination of primary
documents to make you
understand the
connection of past events
to the present time.
 Grounded
Theory
• Discover a new theory to
underlie your study at the
time of data collection
and analysis.
Advantages of
Qualitative
Research
1. It adopts a naturalistic
approach
2. It promotes a full
understanding of human behavior
3. It is instrumental for positive
societal changes
4. It engenders respect for
people’s individuality
5. It is a way of understanding
and interpreting social
interactions
6. It increases the researcher’s
interest in the study
7. It offers multiple ways of
acquiring and examining
knowledge.
Disadvantages of
Qualitative
Research
1. It involves a lot of researcher’s
subjectivity in data analysis.
2. It is hard to know the validity
and reliability of data.
3. Its open-ended questions that
requires long-time analysis.
4. Time-consuming.
5. It involves several processes.
 Qualitative
Research In
Different Areas of
Knowledge
A P L T C S I
POLITICS
C O E R L T P
R S V C E
GOVERNANCEA H
N G O R N I E
C A D NPUBLIC
S R T I N A T
P ADMINISTRATION
B M I O U L I D I S
S B M A E C I
BUSINESS
U S N W F S I
A G E MA S R
MANAGEMENT
MN E T R N S
OA OE C ND
ECONOMICS
MS LGY I C
 E C OT GNE
ENVIRONMENT
VI MNY R
E EDUCATION
NT C R E O
DUGAR I O
GSOCIOLOGY
S E I B OL
OC OY NS I
GS P I HOL
PSYCHOLOGY
OC OY NS I
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
IN DIFFERENT
AREAS OF
KNOWLEDGE
SUBJECT AREA RESEARCH
APPROACHES
• Research studies happen in any field of
knowledge. Anthropology, Business,
Communication, Education, Engineering,
Law, and Nursing, among others, turn in
a big number of research studies that
reflect varied interests of people.
SCIENTIFIC OR POSITIVE
APPROACH
• The scientific approach gives stress to
measurable and observable facts instead
of personal views, feelings or attitudes.
• It can be used in researches under the
hard sciences or STEM (Science,
Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics) and natural sciences
(Biology, Physics, Chemistry)
SCIENTIFIC OR POSITIVE
APPROACH
• To become positivist or scientific in
conducting your research study, you must
collect data in controlled ways through
questionnaires or structured interviews.
• The collected data in this approach are
recorded in numerical or statistical forms
using numbers, percentages, fractions, and
the like.
• Expressed in measurable ways, these types
of data are called quantitative data.
NATURALISTIC APPROACH

• The naturalistic approach, on the

other hand, is people-oriented.
Data collected, in this case,
represent personal views,
attitudes, thoughts, emotions
and other subjective traits of
people in natural setting.
NATURALISTIC APPROACH

• Using words rather than numbers as

the unit of analysis, this second
research approach concerns itself
with qualitative data- one type of
data that exists in abundance in
social sciences which other exists in
soft sciences.
HARD SCIENCES

• Sciences which explore the workings of

the natural world are usually called
“hard sciences. These are also called
natural sciences.
• Hard sciences like these involve
experiments which are relatively easy to
set up controlled variables and make
objective measurements.
SOFT SCIENCES

• In general, soft sciences deal

with intangibles and relate to the
study of human and animal
behaviors, interactions, thoughts,
and feelings. It is sometimes
referred to as social sciences,
HARD SCIENCES vs. SOFT SCIENCES

• A quantitative or qualitative kind of

research is not exclusive to hard
sciences or soft sciences. These two
research methods can go together in
a research approach called
triangulation or mixed method
approach.
PERFORMANCE
TASK #1
⮚On 1/8 illustration board,
create an infographics
about the importance of
research in your daily
lives.