SWE30011

IoT Programming

Topic 1
Introduction to IoT

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 Internet of Things

Things? Internet-connected devices?

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 Internet of Things

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 What is an IoT

• The term Internet of Things (IoT) was firstly used in the 1990s by
MIT when they described the future world of sensors and devices
(termed Things) are connected together via the Internet to share
their data (Oppitz and Tomsu, 2018).
• The modern IoT research and applications era started ,in mid 2010,
due to the technical limitations and the high cost of required IoT
elements such as wireless connection modules, sensors, and micro-
processors before 2010 (Oppitz and Tomsu, 2018).

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 What is an IoT

• Though the term “Internet of Things” is relatively new but the

system of connecting computers and networks to monitor and
control devices has been in use since few decades
• Interestingly, the first known application of IoT was deployed in the
1980s, which was a Coke machine deployed in Carnegie Melon
University, and connected to the internet to check the status of the
drink machine remotely to decide if the machine needs a fill-up or
not (Oppitz and Tomsu, 2018).

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 What is an IoT
• Definition:
IoT refers to a collection of networked physical devices/physical
objects/embedded devices (a.k.a. “things”) capable of sensing and
exchanging information with other devices over the internet.

Source: RFC 7452

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 What is an IoT
Internet of Things is about
learning from a billion of machines that include sensors, cameras, and
other smart internet connected objects, a.k.a. Things, as well as
people

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 What is an IoT
• Your alarm clock is informed that you flight is delayed by 1 hour, it lets you
sleep later and sets the coffee machine to make coffee when you wake up.
• Your car knows when it needs an oil change, makes an appointment when
you have time in the car service location offering the lowest price along
the route with less traffic.
• Your fridge knows how long before the milk expires.
• Your iPhone knows the areas with the less pollution and you dynamically
adjust your route to reduce the pollution you inhale.

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 IoT Market
Number of things:
• The number of connected things has grown to reach around 13 billion in
2022 according to Statista.
• CISCO Forecasts that Internet will connect 50 billion things around the
world, while Intel estimated 200 billion things to be connected by 2030.
• Huawei: 100 Billion devices by 2025.

IoT Data:
• According to Forbes, IoT will generates 79.4 zettabytes (ZB) by 2030.

IoT Market:
• IoT market will reach $14.7 Trillion by 2022 (Source: CISCO).

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 IoT Market
Driven by increasing urbanization:
• About 70 percent of the world population will be living in cities by 2050.
• According to CISCO report (2013), people occupying just 2% of the
world’s land will consume about three-quarter of its resources.

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 IoT Market

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 IoT Market
CISCO Forecast: Internet is estimated to connect 50 billion devices
around the world by 2020.

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 IoT Market

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 IoT Market

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 IoT Application

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 IoT Applications

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 IoT Applications

www.enevo.com

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 IoT Applications
Smart Parking: Make use of ground sensor and infrastructure sensors
to monitor parking space in real-time and help traffic management
within the city.

www.libelium.com

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 IoT Applications

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 IoT Applications

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 IoT Applications

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 IoT Applications

Smart pill brings IoT to digestive health

• Researchers at RMIT University have developed a smart pill that is able to
detect intestinal gases, providing data for the development of treatments
for gut disorders.
• Consisting of a microprocessor, sensors, a wireless transmitter and a
small battery array, the smart pill is enclosed in a liquid-filled capsule
which can be ingested by the patient.

Source: https://www.iothub.com.au/news/smart-pill-brings-iot-to-digestive-health-413887
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 IoT Applications
A Smart Grid IoT for Demand Side Management

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 IoT Applications

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 IoT Challenges

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 IoT Architecture

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 IoT Architecture
IoT Hardware

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 IoT Architecture
IoT Hardware

Arduino Kit
DFR0100

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 IoT Architecture
IoT programing

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 IoT Architecture
IoT programing

Cloud

Things / IoT Devices

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 IoT Architecture
Data Management 1.1 Billion
Data points generated by sensors daily
500 Gigabytes
Data generated by an offshore oil rig weekly

1000 Gigabytes
Data generated by an oil refinery daily
10,000 Gigab yt s
e every 30 minutes
Data generated by a jet engine

2.5 B ill on Gigabytes

i generated worldwide daily
Data

90% of the world’s data

Has been created in the last 2 years!

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 IoT Architecture
Protocols

https://randomnerdtutorials.com/what-is-mqtt-and-how-it-works/

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 IoT Architecture
Protocols

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 IoT Architecture
Protocols

Source: https://www.iotone.com/files/img/emerging-open-and-standard-protocol-stack-for-iot_1.png

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 IoT Platforms
Protocols for data Support for
IoT Software Platform Device management? Integration Security Types of analytics
collection visualizations?
Link Encryption (SSL),
2lemetry - IoT Analytics Salesforce, Heroku, MQTT, CoAP, Real-time analytics
Yes Standards ( ISO 27001, No
Platform** ThingWorx APIs STOMP,M3DA (Apache Storm)
SAS70 Type II audit)
Link Encryption (SSL, Real-time analytics Yes (Titanium UI
Appcelerator No REST API MQTT, HTTP
IPsec, AES-256) (Titanium [1]) Dashboard)
Link Encryption Real-time analytics
Yes (AWS IoT
AWS IoT platform Yes REST API (TLS), Authentication MQTT, HTTP1.1 (Rules Engine, Amazon
Dashboard)
(SigV4, X.509) Kinesis, AWS Lambda)
Bosch IoT Suite - MDM MQTT, CoAP, Yes (User Interface
Yes REST API *Unknown *Unknown
IoT Platform AMQP,STOMP Integrator)
Ericsson Device
Link Encryption
Connection Platform
Yes REST API (SSL/TSL),Authenticatio CoAP *Unknown No
(DCP) - MDM IoT
n (SIM based)
Platform
EVRYTHNG - IoT Smart MQTT,CoAP, Real-time analytics Yes (EVRYTHNG IoT
No REST API Link Encryption (SSL)
Products Platform WebSockets (Rules Engine) Dashboard)
Link Encryption ( TLS),
IBM IoT Foundation Authentication (IBM Real-time analytics (IBM
Yes REST and Real-time APIs MQTT, HTTPS Yes (Web portal)
Device Cloud Cloud SSO), Identity IoT Real-Time Insights)
management (LDAP)
Real-time analytics,
ParStream - IoT Yes (ParStream
No R, UDX API *Unknown MQTT Batch analytics
Analytics Platform*** Management Console)
(ParStream DB)
Yes (Management
PLAT.ONE - end-to-end Link Encryption (SSL), Console for application
IoT and M2M Yes REST API Identity Management MQTT, SNMP *Unknown enablement, data
application platform (LDAP) management, and
device management)
Predictive
Standards (ISO 27001), analytics(ThingWorx
ThingWorx - MDM IoT MQTT, AMQP, XMPP, Yes (ThingWorx
Yes REST API Identity Management Machine Learning),
Platform CoAP, DDS, WebSockets Real-time analytics SQUEAL)
(LDAP)
(ParStream DB)
Xively- PaaS enterprise Link Encryption HTTP, HTTPS, Sockets/ Yes (Management
No REST API *Unknown
IoT platform (SSL/TSL) Websocket, MQTT console)

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 Cloud Computing and IoT
IoT/Cloud convergence
Benefit:
• Allows IoT applications to leverage the benefits of the Cloud
Challenge:
• Conflicting properties of IoT (e.g., WSN) and Cloud
IoT/Sensors Cloud Computing

Performance Capacity • Location specific • Location

• Resource independent
constrained, • Wealth of
IoT in the • Expensive inexpensive
Cloud (development/ resources
deployment cost) • Rapid elasticity
• Generally inflexible • Flexibility
Elasticity Utility-Driven (resource access
and availability)

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 Advance topics

• Security and Privacy

• Analytics

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 IoT Security and Privacy
Device security
• Attackers are shifting their targets from servers to IoT devices.
• Reasons: IoT devices are less protected, close to users, and far more in
numbers than users.
Privacy

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 IoT Analytics
What percentage of your manual operational processes could be automated
through use of IoT solutions?

½
50%

40%

Nearly of

manual processes
could be automated
with IoT

45% 45% 48% 50% 47% 43%

39%

Transportation
Retail Oil & Gas Utilities
Manufacturing
Source: Cisco Consulting Services Metals/Mining
Public Sector
“Internet of Things” Global Study, 2014

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 IoT Analytics

http://hrboss.com/hiringboss/articles/big-data-infographic
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 Industry 4.0

© Swinburne University of Technology 2018. All rights reserved

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 Industry 4.0

© Swinburne University of Technology 2018. All rights reserved

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 Industrial IoT (IIoT)

© Swinburne University of Technology 2018. All rights reserved

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 Industrial IoT (IIoT)
What are the key areas of IoT that makes the
manufacturing plants more effective?

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 Industrial IoT (IIoT)

CISCO, 2016,
http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/solutions/trends/iot/docs/iot-
data-analytics-white-paper.PDF (2016)

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 Research Problems in IoT
Research problems in social media mining and social network analysis

Where/When- What -
Region-of- Analysis of
interest is content ( e.g.
defined around places, names,
a place, event, Crowd events)
and/or time sensing
Who – Why -
Who’s Building
connected the story or
to who & evidence
how trail

Rapid - Greater resolution and depth of analysis in real-time

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 IoT
Key Technological Development

Source: Jayavardhana Gubbi, Rajkumar Buyya, Slaven Marusik and Marimuthu Palaniswami, Internet of Things: A vision,
Architectural elements and future directions.
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 End of Topic 1

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