y = mx + c

(x; y)

O O
9 2 1 y 2x y x 1
 mx c
y
slope y intercept
Gradient
What is the slope? What is the gradient?

40C 7 m 4 7
y
x 7 m C 7
y
y 2x 3 m 2 c 3
3
2y 40C 6 m 2 c

oct 25 9 me I c 9
By 2x 2 1212 M
23 0 4
By
 I
Y 33

2 18

Early nishers look back over the page at question

Skills from last week:
y = 2x + 1 yint
1) Make a table
1 5 9 1317 21
2) Draw the graph

fm 2
0

of
m
8

intercept
y
 HW due on myimaths

Then look at Q10 p225

 7
linear graphs (2) : fractional gradients
6
5
learn by heart
4
3
Fractional gradients can be written in two ways.
2
3
For example, if the gradient is 4 , the equation of 1
3 3x
the line could be written y = 4
x or y = 4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1
-2
The gradient is - 13 , the y - intercept is 4, the
equation can be written y = - 3x + 4 or y = - 13 x + 4 or y = 4 - 13 x

exercise 2h

1. Write down the equation of each of these lines:

a) 5 b) 5 c) 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1 -1 -1
-2 -2 -2
-3 -3 -3
-4 -4 -4

d) 5
e) 5
f)
5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1 -1 -1
-2 -2 -2
-3 -3 -3
-4 -4 -4

Page 21 www.MathsPad.co.uk
 g) h) i)
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1 -1 -1
-2 -2 -2
-3 -3 -3
-4 -4 -4

2. Write down the gradient of each of these lines:

x x 5x
a) y = 7 - d) y = 5 + g) y = 2 +
2 4 7

3
b) y = 4x - 5 e) y = 1 - x h) y = 7 - x
5

1 3x 2
c) y = x + 2 f) y = i) y = x -6
3 4 3

3. Work out the equation of each line. Pay careful attention to the scales.
a) 12 b) 3 c) 16
2
9 12
1
6 8
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6
3 -1 4
-2
1 2 3 4 -3 3 6 9

d) 18 e) f)
16 10
12 12
5
8
6
4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-5
-4 -2 2 4 -3 3 6 9
-4 -10
-6 -8 -15

Page 22 www.MathsPad.co.uk
 1
11. If a line has a gradient of 3
and passes through the origin, then its equation is:
x 3x 1
a) y = 3
b) y = -3x c) y = 1
d) y = x + 3

9
12. Work out the equation of this line.
6
3

-6 6 12 18
-3
-6

Collecting Crosses extra

challenge 1
Which of these equations
8 collects the most crosses?
7
A y = 4 C x = -1
6
5
B x = 4 D y = -1
4 2
3 Which line collects both the
2
square and the circle?
1

- 8 - 7 -6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 Which vertical line collects the

-1
most crosses?
-2
State its equation.
-3
-4
-5
4
-6 Which of these equations
-7 collects the square?
-8 A y = x C y = -2x
5 y = -x
B y = 2x D
The equation y = -x collects ____ crosses
7 Find the equation of the
6
State the equation of the diagonal line that passes
line that passes through both the through 6 crosses.
pentagon and the square.

8 How many crosses does the line 9

Which equation collects
1
y = 5 - 2 x collect? both the circle and the pentagon?

Page 29 www.MathsPad.co.uk
 mx c
y intercept
slope y
Gradient
 Investigation: Gradient of Perpendicular Lines extra
challenge

Each pair of lines below are perpendicular to each other.

Work out the gradient of each line.
What do you notice about the gradients of perpendicular lines?

A B

C D

E F

Draw your own set of

perpendicular lines.

Use DEMOS to test your ndings.

Page 16 www.MathsPad.co.uk
 parallel and perpendicular lines extra
challenge

learn by heart

Parallel lines have the same gradient.

1
The gradients of perpendicular lines are negative reciprocals of each other, e.g 3
and -3

examples

Which equation is Give an example of a line that is

parallel to y = 4 - 7x? perpendicular to y = 4x - 2

a) y = 7x + 5 The given line has a gradient of 4.

A perpendicular line will have
b) y = 4x - 7
The answer is a gradient of - 14
.
1
c) y = -7x - 5 (c) because it A perpendicular line will be y = - 4 x + c,
has the same where c can be any number.
d) y = 4 - 5x gradient (-7) So, it could be y = - 1 4
x + 3

exercise 2k

1. Find four pairs of parallel lines:

C H
G K
A
B
D I
F L
E J

1 ........... & ............ 2 ........... & ............ 3 ........... & ............ 4 ........... & ............

2. The equation y = 10x - 3 will be parallel to:

a) y = x - 3 b) y = 10x c) y = 3x - 10 d) y = 3x - 3

3. True or false: parallel lines must cross the y axis at the same point.

Page 30 www.MathsPad.co.uk
 4. The equation y = 5x will be perpendicular to:

a) y = -5x b) y = 0.5x c) y = 1 x d) y = - 1 x
5 5

5. George says that the lines y = 4x and y = 1 x will be perpendicular.

4
Explain his mistake.

6. Caroline says that the lines y = 5x - 3 and y = 3 - 5x will be parallel.

Explain her mistake.

1
7. The equation y = 4 - x will be perpendicular to:
3
a) y = 3x + 3 b) y = - 1 x + 3 c) y = 4 - 3x d) y = 3 - 1 x
4 4

8. Which two lines below are perpendicular?

A B C E

D F G

9. Line D has the equation y = 10x + 3

Line E is parallel to line D.
The y - intercept of Line E is at (0,-4).
Write down the equation of line E.
A
7
10. Line A is shown on the diagram. 6
5
4
a) Draw a line that is parallel to line 3
A and passes through point B. 2
1
b) What is the equation of this line? - 7 - 6 -5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1
-2
c) Draw a line that is perpendicular to -3 B
Line A and passes through point B. -4
-5
extra -6
d) challenge What is the equation of this line?
-7
Page 31 www.MathsPad.co.uk
 Name:

Exam Style Questions

Ensure you have: Pencil, pen, ruler, protractor, pair of compasses and eraser

You may use tracing paper if needed

Guidance

1. Read each question carefully before you begin answering it.

2. Donʼt spend too long on one question.
3. Attempt every question.
4. Check your answers seem right.
5. Always show your workings

Revision for this topic

© CORBETTMATHS 2014
10. The equations of four lines are given below.

Line A y = 4x + 1

Line B y + 2x = 8

Line C y = 9 − 2x

Line D y − 3x = 3

Which lines go through the point (2, 9)?

.......................................................................
(2)

11. The line L passes through the points (0, 7) and (3, 19).

Work out the equation of the line L.

.........................
(2)

© CORBETTMATHS 2014
13. The point A (−3, 5) and the point B (1, −15) lie on the line L.

Find the equation of the line L.

.........................
(4)

14. The point A (1, 1) and the point B (5, −1) lie on the line L.

Find the equation of the line L.

.........................
(4)

© CORBETTMATHS 2014
15. A line has a gradient of 8 and passes through the point (2, 3).
Find the equation of the line.

.........................
(3)

16. A line has a gradient of −½ and passes through the point (−6, −8).
Find the equation of the line.

.........................
(3)

17. A line has a gradient of −⅘ and passes through the point (30, 24).
Find the equation of the line.

.........................
(3)

© CORBETTMATHS 2014
18.
(a) Write down the gradient of the straight line with equation y = 8x + 2

.........................
(1)

The line cuts the y-axis at the point A

(b) Write down the coordinates of the point A.

.........................
(1)

The line cuts the x-axis at the point B

(c) Write down the coordinates of the point B.

.........................
(2)

© CORBETTMATHS 2014
 Harder Coordinate Geometry
(a) (b) (c)
Find an equation of the line that passes The straight line 𝐿 has equation The straight line 𝐿 has equation
through the points (4, 2) and 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 18. Find an equation of the line 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 7 = 0. The straight line 𝐿
(−8, 11). Give your answer in the form that is parallel to 𝐿 and crosses the 𝑥 -axis passes through the points (−2, −6) and
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are at (4, 0). (5, 8). Show that the lines 𝐿 and 𝐿 are
integers. perpendicular to each other.

(d) (e) (f)

The straight line 𝐿 passes through the The straight line 𝐿 has equation 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a triangle, where 𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 90°. The
points (1, −1) and (5, 9). Find an equation 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4. The straight line 𝐿 is point 𝐶 has coordinates (9, 5) and points 𝐴
of the line that is parallel to 𝐿 and passes perpendicular to 𝐿 and passes through the and 𝐵 lie on the line with equation
through the point (2, 4). Give your answer point (1, 2). Find the equation of the line 𝐿 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7. Find the equation of the line
in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 where 𝑎 , 𝑏 and the coordinates of the point where it that passes through 𝐴 and 𝐶 , giving your
and 𝑐 are integers. crosses the 𝑥 -axis. answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 where 𝑎 ,
𝑏 and 𝑐 are integers.
 Harder Coordinate Geometry
(a) (b) (c)
Find an equation of the line that passes The straight line 𝐿 has equation The straight line 𝐿 has equation
through the points (4, 2) and 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 18. Find an equation of the line 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 7 = 0. The straight line 𝐿
(−8, 11). Give your answer in the form that is parallel to 𝐿 and crosses the 𝑥 -axis passes through the points (−2, −6) and
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are at (4, 0). (5, 8). Show that the lines 𝐿 and 𝐿 are
integers. perpendicular to each other.

5 20 1
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 20 𝑦= 𝑥− 𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿 = − 𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿 = 2
3 3 2

− × 2 = −1, therefore perpendicular

(d) (e) (f)

The straight line 𝐿 passes through the The straight line 𝐿 has equation 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a triangle, where 𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 90°. The
points (1, −1) and (5, 9). Find an equation 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4. The straight line 𝐿 is point 𝐶 has coordinates (9, 5) and points 𝐴
of the line that is parallel to 𝐿 and passes perpendicular to 𝐿 and passes through the and 𝐵 lie on the line with equation
through the point (2, 4). Give your answer point (1, 2). Find the equation of the line 𝐿 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7. Find the equation of the line
in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 where 𝑎 , 𝑏 and the coordinates of the point where it that passes through 𝐴 and 𝐶 , giving your
and 𝑐 are integers. crosses the 𝑥 -axis. answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 where 𝑎 ,
𝑏 and 𝑐 are integers.
5𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2 = 0 3 7
𝑦=− 𝑥+ 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 17
2 2

7
,0
3