COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Table Of Contents

1 Introduction, Types & Applications Ahmad Ali Bhatti

2 Categories of Computer Graphics Saeeda Arooj Khan
3 Importance of Computer Graphics Aiza Dawood
4 Computer Graphic Soft wares Sidra Irfan
5 Computer Graphics Jobs Hammad Aslam
6 Animation and Gaming Zain Muhai-Ul-Din
 INTRODUCTION:
Graphics are defined as any sketch or a drawing or a special network that
pictorially represents some meaningful information. Computer Graphics is used where
a set of images needs to be manipulated or the creation of the image in the form of
pixels and is drawn on the computer. Computer Graphics can be used in digital
photography, film, entertainment, electronic gadgets, and all other core technologies
which are required. It is a vast subject and area in the field of computer science.
Computer Graphics can be used in UI design, rendering, geometric objects, animation,
and many more. In most areas, computer graphics is an abbreviation of CG. There are
several tools used for the implementation of Computer Graphics. The basic is the
<graphics.h> header file in Turbo-C, Unity for advanced and even OpenGL can be
used for its Implementation.
The term ‘Computer Graphics’ was coined by Verne Hudson and William Fetter from
Boeing who were pioneers in the field.
Computer Graphics refers to several things:
 The manipulation and the representation of the image or the data in a graphical
manner.
 Various technology is required for the creation and manipulation.
 Digital synthesis and its manipulation.
Types of Computer Graphics
 Raster Graphics: In raster, graphics pixels are used for an image to be drawn. It is
also known as a bitmap image in which a sequence of images is into smaller
pixels. Basically, a bitmap indicates a large number of pixels together.
 Vector Graphics: In vector graphics, mathematical formulae are used to draw
different types of shapes, lines, objects, and so on.
Applications
 Computer Graphics are used for an aided design for engineering and
architectural system- These are used in electrical automobiles, electro-
mechanical, mechanical, electronic devices. For example gears and bolts.
 Computer Art – MS Paint.
 Presentation Graphics – It is used to summarize financial statistical scientific or
economic data. For example- Bar chart, Line chart.
 Entertainment- It is used in motion pictures, music videos, television gaming.
 Education and training- It is used to understand the operations of complex
systems. It is also used for specialized system such for framing for captains, pilots
and so on.
 Visualization- To study trends and patterns.For example- Analyzing satellite photo
of earth.
 CATAGORIES OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Computer graphics refers to a technology that generates images on a computer

screen. It’s used in digital photography, film and television, video games, and on
electronic devices and is responsible for displaying images effectively to users. Think of
computer graphics as the intersection of design and computer science, with the purpose
of delighting and engaging audiences.

You can find examples of computer graphics in action all around you. Some
examples include blockbuster films, such as the 2009 film Avatar, which depicts the
Na’vi species using facial motion capture technologies, images and icons you see on
your smartphone when you open mobile applications, and data presentations like charts
and graphs you might come across in your line of work.

1. Interactive computer graphics

Interactive computer graphics allow a user to tell a computer how to generate an

image. Here’s a sampling of what you can do in interactive computer graphics:

 Add automatic zooming on an interactive scrolling interface to improve scan of a 2D

information space.
 Add automatic adjustments to digital sketch programs to easily record ideas in 2D using
digital ink.
 Add a dragging feature to clothing animations to improve the experience of adding
clothes to 3D characters.
 Use motion files from a 3D animation database to generate moving characters from
stick figure drawings.
 Design indoor lighting using a painting interface to control a robotic lighting system.

2. Non-interactive computer graphics

In contrast to interactive computer graphics, non-interactive computer graphics do not

allow users to determine how images are generated. Examples of non-interactive
computer graphics include images for a website or mobile application and 3D animation
and CGI in film.

The Importance Of Computer Graphics

In computing, computer graphics are graphics created using computers and,

more generally, the representation and manipulation of image data by computers. It is a
vast and recently developed area of computer science. The phrase was coined in 1960,
by computer graphics researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing. It is
often abbreviated as CG, though sometimes referred to as computer-generated imagery
(CGI).
The field of computer graphics includes many subfields, ranging from technical aspects
such as rendering algorithms, real-time rendering systems, and 3D engines, to artistic
aspects such as modeling, animation, and image processing, as well as interactive
applications and video games. Computer graphics is responsible for the beautiful
images we see in movies and on television, as well as the user interface of many
computers, cell phones, and video games.

Computer graphics, according to computer science, is the study of digital

synthesizing and manipulating of images. Students studying three-dimensional
computer graphics and image processing are also referred to as two-dimensional
graphics and image processing. Computer-aided engineering and design relies heavily
on the use of graphics, which are used to draw and analyze images and documents.
Graphics are the designs and images that a computer displays. Graphics software
includes programs such as Adobe Illustrator, Photoshop, InDesign, CorelDraw,
Inkscape, Microsoft Paint, and Adobe Photoshop. A graphics display, like a computer
screen, is a visual representation of a surface. Graphics are an image or visual
representation of an object that appears on the screen of a computer.
 Graphics are frequently used in contrast to text, which is composed of numbers
and letters rather than images. Students can use computer graphics to increase their
understanding of science subjects such as mathematics by using them in lectures. As a
result of graphic design, humans can now accomplish their daily tasks more easily.

The field of computer graphics is a subfield of computer science that studies how
to combine digital images and manipulate them. The term can be used to refer to both
two-dimensional and three-dimensional computer graphics, though it is frequently used
to refer to three-dimensional graphics.

Graphics are required for the study of scientific visualization, a discipline that
uses images and colors to model complex phenomena such as air currents and electric
fields, and computer-aided engineering and design, in which objects are drawn and
analyzed using computer programs.

The use of computer graphics allows users to effectively and meaningfully

interact with art and image data. This technique is especially important in the design of
3D models for VR programs, as it allows for fast computation of real-time interactions. It
is also used for receiving and processing images from the physical world.
 Computer Graphics Software

There are many different computer graphics software programs available on the
market today. Some of the most popular software programs include Adobe Photoshop,
Corel Painter, and Autodesk Maya. These software programs allow users to create and
edit digital images, illustrations, and 3D models.

The software generates, edits, and manages two-dimensional images. Clip art,
web graphics, logos, headings, backgrounds, digital photos, or other types of digital
imagery are examples of computer graphics. Graphics editors that most people know
include Photoshop, Illustrator, Paint Shop Pro, CorelDRAW, Adobe Lightroom, Digital
Image Suite, and Canva.

Graphic design software, regardless of its price, can be useful. For instance,
Photoshop and Illustrator are expensive software packages that require a license to
use. In contrast, Canva and CorelDraw are both free software packages that can be
used without requiring a license.
Computer
G2
graphics Cost Features
rating
software
Sculpting, brush variety, topology,
ZBrush $29.91/month polygon modeling, flexible 4.6/5
workflows, remeshing options

Free and open Lighting, textures, and shading,

Blender 4.5/5
source sculpting, modeling, and rendering

Ready-made templates, 3D effects,

Adobe $20.99/month
intertwine text and image, preview 4.6/5
Illustrator after free trial
color and opacity in real time

Install plugins, save documents as

Adobe $20.99/month cloud documents, neutral filters,
4.6/5
Photoshop after free trial selection improvements, live
gradients
 Computer graphics jobs

If you’re thinking about pursuing a career in computer graphics, it’s helpful to

know what kinds of jobs may be available to you. Below, we list some job titles you may
come across in your research and include average total US salary figures from
Glassdoor as of January 2023, and responsibilities and typical job requirements from
Zippia and ZipRecruiter.

Use this list as a basis for further research and choosing the path that aligns with your
long-term goals.

1. Computer graphics designer

 What they make: $59,518

 What they do: design graphics for interactive websites; create visuals for
print or digital use; use graphics software to satisfy stakeholders’ needs
 Qualifications they need: knowledge of graphics software; graphic design
and computer graphics skills; associate or bachelor’s degree in graphic
design, computer science, or computer applications

2. Digital artist

 What they make: $54,344

 What they do: use computer software to create digital art and design graphic
images; work with illustrations, photography, and text
 Qualifications they need: bachelor’s degree in visual or commercial art,
graphic design, or related field; knowledge of graphics software; artistic talent

3. Web developer

 What they make: $82,534

 What they do: design and maintain websites; test out new code; test web
modules; optimize user-interface designs; provide technical support to project
stakeholders
 Qualifications they need: bachelor’s or master’s degree in computer
science, IT, or computer engineering; knowledge of JavaScript, HTML, and
CSS; UX/UI skills; front-end development skills
 4. Animator

 What they make: $58,059

 What they do: sketch scenes; create storyboards; animate characters, props,
and scenery; collaborate with other creatives to animate films and games
 Qualifications they need: skills in animation, motion capture, storyboards,
motion graphics; experience using animation software; associate or bachelor’s
degree in animation, graphic design, fine arts, or computer science

Why Raster Graphics Are More Common

Because of their speed of production and the ability to be scaled down or up, reflectors
are more common. Vector graphics are more intricate and more versatile than
traditional graphics, but they may take longer to produce.
For both types of graphics, the internet provides a wide range of applications, ranging
from online advertisements to online video games. Vector graphics, on the other hand,
are more commonly used for illustrations and logos that can easily be updated or
modified, whereas bristle graphics are used for images that must be faithfully
reproduced, such as photos or logos..
 Gaming and Computer Graphics

1. Introduction:

In the ever-evolving world of gaming, one crucial aspect that has continually
pushed the boundaries of creativity and immersion is computer graphics. From
pixelated beginnings to lifelike simulations, the synergy between gaming and computer
graphics has shaped the way we experience virtual worlds. This article explores the
evolution, significance, and future prospects of this dynamic relationship.

2. The Evolution of Graphics in Gaming:

The journey from simplistic visuals of early arcade games to photorealistic

environments of today's titles showcases the rapid progress of computer graphics.
Discussing key milestones, such as the transition from 2D to 3D, polygonal models, and
shader technology, can help illustrate this progression.

3. The Role of Computer Graphics in Game Design:

Detailing how computer graphics influence game design goes beyond aesthetics.
Concepts like art style, visual storytelling, and user interface design all hinge on the
capabilities of graphics technology. Examples of how graphics enhance gameplay and
narrative can be explored.

4. The Technology Behind Realistic Visuals:

Dive into the technical aspects that enable the creation of breathtaking visuals in
modern games. Topics may include ray tracing, global illumination, real-time rendering,
and advancements in hardware like GPUs that power these graphics.

5. Art vs. Technology:

Striking the Balance: The delicate interplay between artistic vision and technical
constraints is a critical consideration in game development. Highlighting the challenges
faced by developers in achieving their creative goals while optimizing for performance
can shed light on this aspect.

6. Impact on Gaming Experience and Industry Trends:

Analyze how realistic graphics have changed player expectations and the
industry landscape. Discuss the rise of esports, virtual reality, and augmented reality,
and how graphics play a pivotal role in these domains.

7. Challenges and Future Directions:

Explore the challenges that developers face as they continue to push the
boundaries of graphics technology. Mention areas like AI-driven graphics, procedural
generation, and the potential for even more immersive experiences.

Conclusion: The journey of gaming and computer graphics is one of perpetual

innovation, where advancements in technology drive new possibilities for creating
immersive and captivating virtual worlds. As technology continues to evolve, the
relationship between gaming and computer graphics will undoubtedly shape the future
of interactive entertainment.