45 Read and Write Publications A Unit 12 D.C. CIRCUITS Level ALevel Syllab i" jabus Physics Paper 1 y Classified/Topical MCQ's 12.1. Practical circuits f . 12.2 Kirchhoft's laws Article Number: 291 12.3. Potential dividers 12.4. Multiple topics Editorial Board ——_—_——_——____ READ &WRITE PUBLICATIONS Lahore Sale Point: Shop No. 25-28 Lower Ground Floor, Haadia Haleema Centre, Ghazni Street, Urdu Bazar, Lahore. Cell: +92-336-5914141 Karachi Sale Point: Shop No. 4, Imperial icon, Robson Road, Urdu Bazar, Karachi Web: www.readnunite.org -Books: www.rwebooks.com E-mail: [email protected]Physics A-Level Paper-1 Classified 452 12:1: Practical circuits Read and Write Publications 12.1: Practical circuits 1 iJ 20/P12/036 A cell of electromotive force (e.m.f,) E and internal resistance 0.60 £2 Is connected to a resistor of resistance 4.7 a. 470 ‘The maximum power that can be dissipated by the resistor without overheating is 0.50 W. What is the maximum value of E for the resistor not to overheat? A 14V B 18V © 17V D 29v Mid 201P11/036 A call of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E and internal resistance ris connected to a resistor of resistance R. ‘A maximum power P can be dissipated by the resistor without overheating. R Whats the maximum value of ithe resistor does not overheat? P Pp P A —— BR, Cc (R- D (R+9) Res Rea " off oe Mid 201P13/035 ‘A power supply of electromotive force (e.m.t) V and negligible internal resistance is connected in the circut ‘shown, There is a current of 3.0 A in the 4.0 © resistor. 3.00 308 ‘What is the value of V? A 15V B 29V C}pnysles A-Level Papert Classified es Read and White Publications 121: Practical cieuts 4, Mid 201P131037 ‘A fixed resistor and a variable resistor are conn A fad lected in series with a cell that has an intemal resistance, as ‘The graph shows the variation of a quantity X with the resi from zero to its maximum value. 168 FR of the variable resistor as Ris increased x ‘What could X represent? ‘A. the current in the circuit B the electromotive force of the cell C__ the potential difference across the internal resistance D the terminal potential difference across the cell 8, MAR 20/P12/033 ‘battery is connected to three resistors of resistances 12 9, 6 9 and 2, as shown. {h--{t say 120 The current from the battery is 3A. power dissipatedin the resistor ofresistance 6 i nthe resistor ofresisiance so What is the value of the ralio + er gissipatedin he resistor ofresistance 2 D 4 4 2 4 4 4 D As a3 oa 6. MAR 20/P12/036 The diagram shows a circuit 2.00 Let 2 Mis” Hee What is the reading on the voltmeter? A 03Vv B 57V .3V42.11 Practical circuits Physics A-Level Paper-t Classi 454 ysies A-Level Papert Classified rues ena wild Peotone % MAR 20/P12/035 battery 2 i) 12 Vand internal resistence 0.3 2. 410. ; oe le battery that has the same effect as the combination? omy | reanca/a A 3 02 8 3 o4 c a 02 > 2 04 ON 19/P12/035 1, The battery delivers a current / to a A battery has an electromotive force (e.m.) E and internal resista variable resistor and the potential difference (p. Isis V. The variable resistor is adjusted so that / increases. Why does V decrease? A. The ems. E decreases. B The internal resistance r increases. The p.J. across r increases. D The resistance of the variable resistor increases. OIN 191111037 A network consists of a 3.0 0 resistor and two 6.0 © resistors, as shown. 4.0V $ 6.00 Geen) The potential difference (p.d.) across the network is 4.0 V. What is the current through the 3.0 © resistor? A O.A7A B 025A ¢vcr caane ; fel 6 ai erator to, Mid 19/P12/035 ‘Accel with internal resistance is connected to a variable resistor Ras shown, coll : ‘The resistance of R is gradually decreased. How do the current / and the terminal potential difference across the cell change? current aterenceseross call a decreases decreases | decreases increases c increases decreases Do increases increases 44, M/J 19/P11/035, M/J 13/P11/033 When a batiery is connected to a resistor, the battery gradually becomes warm, This causes the internal resistance of the battery to increase whilst its e.m.f. stays unchanged, Testhe intemal resistance of the battery increases, how do the terminal potential difference and the output power change, if at all? Temi aental | cut power A decrease decrease 3 | decease | uncnanged c unchanged decrease D unchanged unchanged 12, MIJ 191P14/036 ‘Aca is connected to a resistor of resistance 3.00 2. The current in the resistor Is 1.00 A. ‘A second identical resistor is added in parallel. The current becomes 1.93 A. ‘What are the e.m.f. E and internal resistance r of the cell? EV 118 a| ots | 341 B| 304 | 003s e| an 0.113 o| o34 | 6312.4: Practical circus Physics A-Level Paper-t Classified Hath een 13, MNJ 19/P11/037 ‘A battery with negligible internal resistance is connected to three resistors, és shown. i Os0Ay x All three resistors have the same resistance, ‘The current in the battery is 0.30 A. What is the current in resistor X? A 010A B 015A Cc 020A D 030A 14, M/J 19/P13/Q34 Diagram 1 shows a lamp connected to a supply through two ‘switches. During repairs, an electrician mistakenly reverses the connections X; and Z;, so that Z; is connected to the supply and X; to the other switch at Zz, as shown in diagram 2. Y, Y, x ee diagram 1 ‘supply 4 2 diagram 2 supply Which svtehposiions will now ight the lamp? ALL Rey | Mr B Xy to Ys X2toZ2 c | xX toZ X2 to Ya / | x2, | %t02 15. O/N 18/P11/Q37 ‘A battery is connected to a network of six resistors, as shown. tv 22v tena lecuenal ae | ‘The potential differences across five of the resistors are ‘diagram. What is the potential difference across resistor R? D 11.2 A 44V B 46V ehysics A-Level Paper-t Classified 16. aT. 18, 487 actca creuts Read and Write Publications a _ Mid 19/P13/036 A student has a set of identical cells and identical tam ‘lamp connected to a cell lights with normal brightn . The cells have negligible internal resistance. ‘What happens when the student connects the lamps and the cells as shown? 7 3 All three lamps light with normal brightness. ‘Only lamp 2 lights with normal brightness, Only lamps 1 and 3 light with normal brightness. None of the lamps light with normal brightness. goo» MAR 19/P121036 A cell of intemal resistance r and electromotive force (e.mJ.) E is connected in series with a resistor of resistance R. ‘The resistance R and the e.m4. E remain fixed. The internal resistance r of the cell changes over time. Which graph best shows the variation of the current Fin the circuit wth the internal resistance 1? q q ye a | —__ ° ee te 0 r 7 4) ! 1 r x |_____ S . B BC. “ ws ° 4 re i 7 $ 7S \ © Om 18/P13/033 @ ‘Three resistors are to be connected into a circuit with the arrangement sha» @ a Oo 0d Las, ‘The power in any resistor must not be greater than 4.0 WG ‘What is the maximum voltage across XY? & A 2 B 30V c \y D 60vPhysics A-Level Paper-t Classified 42.4: Practical circuits 458, Read and Write Publications 49. OIN 18/P12/036 ‘A battery of negligible intemal resistance may be connected between any two points P, Q, R and $ of the network of resistors shown. 6: pil 0 60 500. s “aon Which connections will give the largest current and the smallest current in the battery? largest current | smallest current A PQ PR B Pa as c RS PR D RS as 20. OIN 18/P11/036 ‘A battery, with intemal resistance, is connected to a parallel arrangement of two resistors and a switch S, as shown, ‘switeh s Initialy switch is open. ‘What happens to the voltmeter and ammeter readings when switch S is closed? voltmeter reading | ammeter reading A decreases increases 8 decreases decreases c increases increases > increasessics ALevel Papert Classified 49 12.1; Practical eruits ee pehisrtigeren Read and Write Publications 21, MJ 181P121034 Four diferent resistors are arranged as shown. ‘Accurrent of 1.8 enters the network at junction X and leaves'through junction Y. soa) 300 ‘What is the current in the resistor of resistance 30 27 A 021A B 050A © 075A D 104 22, MJ 18/P12/035 coll of constant electromotive force drives a current / through an external resistor of resistance R. The terminat potential dtference (p.d) across the cellis V. When the intemal resistance r of the cell increases, what is the effect on V and on 1? Vv Tr A| decreases decreases B | decreases increases C | increases decreases D | _ increases increases 23. Mid 18/P13/031 A cell of electromotive force (e.m.,) E and R, as shown, ‘ s ‘What is the power dissipated in the extemal resistor? E(R+) 2 ER+h se S A R (Ren?42.1; Practical cireuits Physics A-Level Paper-t Classified 460 Read and Write Pubiications 24, MNJ 18/P12/036 re identical and all have negligible internal resistance. All of the resistors have zero resistance when conducting and infinite resistance when not 25, Mid 18/P13/034 A battery of electromotive force (e.m.{) 6.0 V and negligible internal resistance is connected to three resistors ‘each of resistance 6.0 2. Which circuit will produce a current through the battery of 0.67 A? a sov i + 00 602600 A ey c on ieee? 600 ae sov i+} B D son 600 Mien Gane” 28. OIN 17/P11/038 The circuit diagram shows four resistors of different resista Which equation is correct? A P-Q=R-S BB P-S=Q-R The voltmeter reading is zero. « SePhysics A-Level Paper-t Classified 2. 28. 4st racticlcreits ‘Read and Write Publications oer MAR 18/P12/032, Mid 15/P13/Q33, M/J 12/P11/035, M/J 12/P13/036 The diagram shows a simple circuit. SH Which statement is correct? ‘A When switch S is closed, the electromotive force (e, against the intemal resistance of the battery. When switch S is closed, the em, of the battery falls because work is done against the resistance of. © When switch S is closed, the potential difference across the battery falls because work is done D uf.) of the battery falls because work is done against the internal resistance of the battery. When switch S is closed, the potential difference across the battery falls because work is done against the resistance of R. (On 17/P121034 A cell of negligible internal resistance is connected to resistors Ry, Re and Rs, as shown. The cell provides power to the circuit and power is dissipated inthe resistors. Ry Ry Which word equation must be correct? ‘A power loss in Ry = power loss in Re + power loss in Rs B__powerloss in Re = power loss in Rs © power output of cell = power loss in Ry + power loss in Re + power loss in Rs D power output of cell = power loss in Ry ON 17/P121036 ‘Atypical mobile phone battery has an e.mJ. of 5.0 V and an intemal resistance of 200 m0. ‘What is the terminal p.d. of the battery when it supplies a current of §00 mA? A 48V B 49V c 50V D 51V OIN 17/P13/Q38 @ ® Ineach arrangement of resistors, the ammeter has a resistance of 2.0. oO AS Vii erangement gles te lorget reading an the ammeter hen the same potent isn 6 Spo between points P and Q? OFS ‘a < s P Q 2A D>42.4: Practical cireuits rk hibit iia ccnumiivanae Ninn lased and infinite resistance when reverse biased, The diode 33. An ideal diode has zero resistance when forward bi is connected in series with a 2 0 resistor across the and internal resistance 1 0, a8 shown. terminals of a source having electromotive force (e.m.f) 3 V Ahigh-resistance voltmeter is connected across the diode and resistor. R ‘Which row gives the readings of the voltmeter for the two ways of connecting the diode? forward | reverse biased | biased al ow 3v B] 2 ov c}| av av po} sav ov. Mug 171P121035 Acell has a constant electromotive force. Avvariable resistor is connected between the terminals of the cell ‘The resistance of the variable resistor is decreased, ‘Which statement about the change of the cell's terminal potential difference (p.d.) is correct? ‘A The terminal p.d. is decreased because more work is done moving unit charge through the internal resistance of the cell, B The terminal p.d. is decreased because the current in thé variable resistor is decreased. © The terminal p.d. is increased because more work is done moving unit charge through the variable resistor. D__ The terminal p.d. is increased because the current in the variable resistor is increased, Mid 171121037 A circuit is set up as shown, The variable resistor is adjusted so that the ammeter reading decreases, How do the readings of the voltmeters change? reading on reading on voltmeter P voltmeter Q decreases increases decreases coos increasesPhysics A-Level Paper-1 Classified 34. 463, 121: Practical circuits Read and Wile Publications Mid 171111035 ‘The circuit shown includes a cell of constant internal resistance and an extemal resistor R. ‘col AA student records the ammeter and voltmeter readings. She then connects a second identical external resistor in parallel with the fist external resistor. What happens to the ammeter reading and to the voltmeter reading? ‘ammeter reading | _volimeter reading A| decreases decreases B| decreases stays the same ¢ increases decreases D | _ increases stays the same wis 471P 111037 Inthe circuit shown, the battery and ammeter have negligible resistance. 12V, t+ x y ‘The following combinations of resistors are each separately placed between the terminals X and Y of the circuit. \Which combination woud give an ammeter reading ofA? 20 a 20 A i ce 10 CS war srpta1a9s Cs Two ena are connected lad restr of estlace 30. The electomave oR ond intra reilance ofeach ef the cas shown oie What is the current in the load resistor? ew A 060 B 128 co ¥s D 30aPhysics A-Level Paper-t Classified a7. 39. 464 121: Practical circuits Read and Write Publications ON 16/P12/034 The diagram shows an electric circuit in which the resistance of the external resistor is 2R and the internal resistance of the source is R. 2R powerin intemal resistance ‘What is the ratio“ cowerin external resistor 4 4 t + D ad a 3 c 2 4 OIN 16/P12/036 Four statements about either potential diference or electromotive force are listed. 1. Itinvolves changing electrical energy into other forms. 2. Itinvolves changing other energy forms into electrical energy. 3. Itis the energy per unit charge to move charge around a complete circuit. 4 tis the work done per unit charge by the charge moving from one point to another. Which statements apply to potential difference and which apply to electromotive force? potential difference | electromotive force a tand 3 2and 4 B tend 4 2and3 © 2and3 tend 4 D 2and4 tand3 COIN 16/P 11/036, OIN 16/P13/036 In the circuit shown, the reading on the ammeter is zero. ‘The four resistors have different resistances Ry, Re, Rs and Ry. Which equation is correct? A Ri Rs=Re-Re BORK RS=RxRe CR Re=R-Ry DRY iJ 16/P13/Q33, M/J 11/P12/Q32, OIN 04/P1/031 Oy, &. What describes the electric potential difference between two points in a wire that eines @ current? ‘A. the force required to move a unit poste charge between the points. ay B te oof the energy sisted between the pins othe cent the ratio of the power dissipated between the points to the current O° D the ratio ofthe power dissipated between the points tothe chagjg,moAdevel Papert Cassied ass basta a P= Read and Write Publications 41. Mid 161P111035 ‘There is a current from P to R in the resistor network shown. 3v By. he g Pot tor =e 8 BV ‘The potential difference (p.d.) between P and Qis 3 V. The p.d, between Q and Ris 6 V. The p.d, between P and Sis 5 V. Which row in the table is correct? pd.between | p.d. between Qands: SendR A av av B 2 tov © av av D av tov 42, Mid 1/P111037 12.1: Practical circuits A voltmeter is used to monitor the operation of an electric motor. The motor speed is controlled by a variable resistor. A fixed resistor is used to limit the speed, ‘The current in the motor is gradually changed. In which circuit is the voltmeter reading proportional to the current in the motor?to eredciaal Physics A-Level Papert Cla 486 ecu 7 ssifed , 43. MIU 161P13/035 - A ciccuit contains a cell, two resistors of resistances Ry and Ry and a variable resistor X. The cell has negligible internal resistance. 7 —— Rg h R Vs is the potential difference across the resistor of resistance Ry. zis the current through the resistor of resistance Ra, ‘The resistance of X is reduced. ‘What is the effect on V; and fa? vs hb A| decreases | decreases B | decreases increases c | increases decreases D | increases increases: 44, MAR 16/P12/05 POR and XYZ are wires in a circuit. A galvanometer connects @ and Y as a null indicator. Pp Q R x « Zz ‘When the galvanometer reads zero, which statement is correct? ‘A. The potential difference between Q and Y is infinite, B The potential difference between Q and Y is zero. © The resistance between Q and Y is infin D The resistance between Q and Y is zero, 45. OIN 15/P12/037 The electromotive force of a power supply is 120 V. It delivers a current of 1.2 A to a resis! and a current of 0.40 A to another resistor, as shown, ‘eum{. of supply 120 QE" @ 1.24800 g ag & lo.40A, ‘What is the internal resistance of the power supply? Se. c eS A 159 B 200A-Level Papert Classified 467 42:1: Practical creuts eee Read and Write Publications . 46, OIN 15/P12/038, OIN 12/P13/036 ‘The diagram shows a four-terminal box connected to a battery and two emmeters. 7 eT et 2. 3 ‘The currents inthe two meters are identical Which circuit within the box, wil give this 3 aes A c Basan, zy 4 ee eae +8 8 . -— pa 73 47, OIN 15/P13/031, M/J 10/P12/031, M/J 10/P11/030, M/J 10/P13/032 In terms of energy transfer W and charge q, what are the definitions of potential difference (p.d.) and electromotive force (e.m.f.)? pa] emi ‘|; a] oF oe) % | ow cla, | o Wa wa 48. OIN 151P13/032 ‘Acell of electromotive force E and internal resistance ris connected to an external resistor, as show ‘The current inthe circuit is / and the potential di In the equation (E — V) = /r, what does the term (E ~ V) repr ‘A electrical energy per unit charge lost in the cell B _ clectrical energy per unit charge lost in the complete © electrical energy per unit charge lost in the connecting wire, D electrical energy per unit charge lost inthe exterPhysics AcLevel Paper-t Classified 50. st. 468 12.4: Practical eeu Read and Write Publications: _— OIN 15/P13/034 In the circuit shown, lamp P is rated 260 V, 80 W and lamp Q is rated 260 V, 200 W. The two lamps are connected in series to a 250 V power supply. 250V o Pp Q int. Which statement most accurately describes what ‘Assume that the resistance of each lamp remains cons happens when the switch is closed? ‘A Lamp P emits four times as much power as lamp Q. B_ Lamp P emits twice as much power as lamp Q. © Lamp Q emits four times as much power as lamp P. Lamp Q emits twice as much power as lamp P. ON 15/P13/036 ‘A110 V supply of negligible internal resistance is connected to a heater through a fuse and a switch. fuse switch eS—. C1 s+ 110V heater s ca. ‘Terminals S+ and S- are the positive and negative terminals of the supply. Points C1 and C2 at either side of the heater are accessible for faultfinding. ‘Avolimeter is connected between S- and C1. With the circuit working correctly, the voltmeter reading is noted with the switch closed. ‘A fault occurs and the voltmeter is again connected between S~ and C1 with the switch closed. Which fault would result in the same two voltmeter readings? ‘A abreak in the wire of the heater © amelted fuse B__abroken switch that cannot close correctly Da short circuit in the heater wus 18/P121031 Which unit is not used in either the definition of the coulomb or the definition of the volt? A ampere B joule © ohm D second Mid 15/P111036 ‘Abbattery with e.m4. E and internal resistance ris connected in series with a variable external resistor. ‘Which statement is correct? (Ignore any temperature effects.) ‘A. The potential difference across the extemal resistance decreases: ‘The potential difference across the internal resistance increases, § 8 Y © The power dissipated in r increases and then decreases. >> Ss D O £ Vv The value of the external resistance R is slowly increased from zero. a ‘The power dissipated in R increases and then decre:jes A-Level Paper-t Classified 469 12.1: Practical circuits = aa Read and Write Publications 53. MNJ 15/P13/034 A simple circuit is formed by connecting a resistor of resistance R between the terminals of a battery of electromotive force (e.m.t) 9.0 V and constant internal resistance r. A charge of 6.0 C flows through the resistor in a time of 2.0 minutes causing it to dissipate 48 J of thermal energy. What isthe internal resistance r of the battery? A 0179 B 0330 c 29 D 1600 54, _M/J 15/P13/Q35, M/J 10/11/0385, Mid 10/P12/033, M/J 10/P13/031 ‘A source of e.m.f. 9.0 mV has an intemal resistance of 6.0 0. Itis connected across a galvanometer of resistance 30 0. ‘What is the current in the galvanometer? A 250mA B 300A © 1.5mA D 25mA 55, M/J 15/P13/036, A box with four terminals P, Q, R and S contains two identical resistors. id 44/P13/034 A cellhas an electromotive force R, is connected across this cell, and negligible internal resistance. What isthe new pe ted in the external resistor? Power P is dissipated by the external resistor. The cell is rep\éced w/a different cell that has an emf. of 6 V ri A 05P BP c Sp D 4P: mn 12:1: Practica ere hysies A-Level Paper-t Classified reed and wits Pubcon 57. OIN 14/P12/030, OIN 14/P11/030 8, Be and By are thee identical lamps. They ere connected to battery wth zero interna resistance, as shown ‘switch &s 8, Initially the switch is closed. The switch is then opened and lamp Bs goes out ‘What happens to the brightness of lamps By and B, when the switch is opened? brightness of | brightness of lamp By lamp Be A | decreases | decreases B | decreases | increases | increases | decreases D | increases increases 58. OIN 14/P12/Q31, O/N 14/P11/031, Mid 14/P1 1/032, Mid 11/P131031 A battery is marked 9.0 V. What does this mean? ‘A Each coulomb of charge from the battery supplies 9.0 J of electrical energy to the whole circuit. B The battery supplies 9.0 J to an external circuit for each coulomb of charge. © The potential difference across any component connected to the battery will be 9.0 V. D There will always be 9.0 V across the battery terminals. 59, Mid 14/P11/032 Which symbol represents a component whose resistance is designed to change with temperature? 60. Mid 14/P13/038 A battery of negligible internal resistance is connected to a resistor network, an ammeter and a switch S, as shown. ‘When Sis closed, what is the change in the reading on the ammeter? A 107A B 132A © 190maPhysics ri Claeied a 12.4: racial reuts eT S Read and Write Publications 61. OIN 13/P12/Q33, OIN 13/P11/033 The diagram shows an electic circuit in which the resistance of the external resistor is 2R and the internal resistance of the source is R. powerin externalresistor hat isthe ratio FSyverininternal resistance 4 1 4 4 4 ac Bo. @ 2 D 62, OIN 13/P13/036 ‘The diagram shows the electric motor for a garden pump connected to a 24 V power supply by an insulated two-core cable. ‘The motor does not work so, to find the fault, the negative terminal of a voltmeter is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and its other end is connected in turn to terminals X and Y at the motor. Which row represents two readings and a correct conclusion? ‘voltmeter reading | voltmeter reading when connected | when connected ‘conclusion toxIV tovlV A a 0 break in positive wire of cable B 4 12 break in negative wire of cable c a 4 break in connection within the motor oD 24 24 break in negative wire of cable 63. Mid 13/P11/032 ‘A power supply of electromotive force (e.m-t.) 12 V and internal resistance 2.0 © is connect 13.0 resistor. What is the power dissipated in the 13 9 resistor? A 83W B 96W12:1: Practical circuits Physics A-Level Paper-1 Classified 472 Read and Wrte Publications 64. Mi 13/P11/035 A.creuitis set up as shown, supplied by 8 3 V battery. Allresistances are 1 KW. |. 67. ‘What will be the reading on the voltmeter? Ao B OSV c 10V D 15V Mig 13/P111036 The diagram shows an incorrectly connected circuit. The ammeter has a resistance of 0.1 © and the voltmeter hhas a resistance of 1 MQ. 04a passat av Which statement is correct? A The ammeter reads 2 mA © The voltmeter reads zero, B The ammeter reads 20. D The voltmeter reads 2 V. ON 121P121035 ‘A cel of internal resistance 2.0 9 and electromotive force (¢.m.f) 1.5 V is connected to a resistor of resistance 309. ‘What is the potential difference across the 3.0 0 resistor? A 15v B 12V c 09v D o6v OIN 121P13/034 Four statements about potential difference or electromotive force are listed. 1 Itinvolves changing electrical energy into other forms. 2 It involves changing other energy forms into electrical energy. 3 Itis the energy per unit charge to move charge right round a circuit. AC 4 Itis the work done per unit charge by the charge moving from one point to another SX Which statements apply to potential difference and which apply to electromotive force?@) 6)” @ polenta ference | elecromotive force Vo al mes panda 7 B tand4 2and3 a? c| anda 4 and c D 2and4 tand3Physics A-Level Paper-t Classified 68, “73 1: Practical ereuits ‘Read and Write Publications Jki et O1N 121P12/037 ‘The ammeter reading in the circuit below is /, R ‘Another circuit containing the same voltage supply, two switches, an ammeter and two resistors each of resistance R, is shown. R s, S\ a Which row is not correct? ‘ammeter is & reading A| dosed closed I B| dosed open I | open dosed I | open open o Mig 121121037 ‘The diagram shows the circuit for a signal to display a green or a red light. It is controlled by the switch S. ‘The signal is some way from & to which itis connected by a cable with green, red and black wires. At the signal, the guonatd red wires are connected tothe corresponding lamp and the black wire is connected to germinal Ptalprvie a common return. The arrangement is shown coreclly connected and with the sy(G iluminate the red lamp. During maintenance, , conrected, the black wire is connected in error to the green lamp (et connected correetly (0 ts lamp and connections at S remain as in the diagram. When the system is tested with the switch connection to the ‘A the green lamp illuminated normally B the red lamp illuminated normal ¢ D the red and green lamps both illuminated normally e the red and green lamps both illuminated dimlysitircrea ere Physies Lael Papen Clsaited oan delat Moaniia ce o power Taal of electromotive force (exm..) 12 V and intemal resistance 2 1 is connected in series with a i d resistor is varied from 0.5.1 1040, : (rice srigh show how the power P dlasipated in the load resitor varies withthe resistance of the load A ON Ce Fee Ve oe ee ee resistance ofoad/A resistance of oad/0. Pp 8 DP .o 1 @ 3 4 ot ae: resistance of oad 71. QIN 11/P11/036, M/J 10/P13/Q38, A cell of emf. E and internal resistance ris connected in series with a switch S and an external resistor of resistance R. The pd. between P and Q is V. When Sis closed, A V decreases because there is a p.d. across R. BV decreases because there is a p.d. across r. © V remains the same because the decrease of p.d. across r is balanced by the increase of p.d. across R. D__Vrremains the same because the sum of the p.d.s across r and R is stil equal to E. 72. OIN 14/P11/Q37, MiJ 10/P13/036 Accel, two resistors of equal resistance and an ammeter are used to construct four circuit ‘only parts of the circuits that have resistance. In which circuit will the ammeter show the gre j_Physics A-Level Paper-t Classified 73. 74, 75. 475, 12:1: Practical circuits Read and Wie Publications OIN 11/P11/038, OIN 11/P13/037 ‘Three resistors of resistance R, 2R and 3R are connected in parallel, : R 2R 3k Using 7 to represent the current through the resistor of resistance R, which row represents the relationships between the currents through the resistors? resistor resistance R 2R 3R A I ar H B I a a c I a i ol 2r 3r wis 141P 121034 A source of electromotive force (e.m.1) E has a constant intemal resistance r and is connected to an external variable resistor of resistance R. As Ris increased from a value below rto a value above r, which statement is correct? A. The terminal potential difference remains constant, B The current in the circuit increases. © The emf. of the source increases, D__ The largest output power is obtained when R reaches r. id 111P121038 Sately on aay is increased by using Several electialswches. Inthe dagram, switches PO, RS end T con he euent rough agree las + P a —t—_—~_—. 8 R —+—-e— : ‘green lamp T Which row does not allow the green lamp to light? P Q R 8 it A| closed | closed | closed | open | closed B | closed | open | closed | closed | open ¢ | closed | open open | closed | closed D | open open | closed | open | closed 2Physics A-Level Paper-1 Classified 476 12,4; Practical eeuits Read and Wrle Publications 76. OIN 10/P12/030 ‘Which electrical component is represented by the following symbot? a A adiode B apotentiometer C —aresistor Da thermistor 77. OIN 10/P121032 Ahigh-resistance voltmeter connected across a battery reads 6.0 V. ‘When the battery is connected in series with a lamp of resistance of 10 0, the voltmeter reading falls to 5.6 V. Which statement explains this observation? ‘A. The electromotive force (e.m..) of the battery decreases because more work is done across its internal resistance. BB The ems. of the battery decreases because work is done across the lamp. © The potential difference (p.d.) across the battery decreases because more work is done across its internal resistance. D The pad. across the battery decreases because work is done across the lamp. 78. OIN 10/P121033 A battery of emf. 12 V and internal resistance 2.0 9 is connected in series with an ammeter of negligible resistance and an external resistor. Extemal resistors of various different values are used. Pov i ® Which combination of current and resistor value is not correct? external resistor Coen vvalue/ A 10 10 8 12 8 © 15 D 18 4 79. M/S 10/P12/Q34, M/J 10/P11/033, M/J 101P13/035 The resistors P, Q and R in the circuit have equal resistance. P = T a ‘The battery, of negligible internal resistance, suppli ‘What is the power dissipated by heating in resistor R? A 2W B 3W cPhysics A-Level Paper-t Classified 421: Practical cireits arr Read and Wiite Publications 80. OIN 09/P12/Q29, OIN 09/P11/030 A cell is connected to a resistor. At any given moment, the potential difference across the cell is less than its electromotive force. Which statement explains this? ‘A. The cell is continually discharging, B The connecting wire has some resistance. © _ Energy is needed to drive charge through the cell. 1D Power is used when there is a current inthe resistor. 81. MNJ O9/P1/032 ‘What is meant by the electromotive force (e.m..) of a cell? A. The emf. of a cellis the energy converted into electrical energy when unit charge passes through the cell, B The ems. of a cell is the energy transferred by the cell in driving unit charge through the external resistance. © The e.md. of a cell is the energy transferred by the cell in driving unit charge through the internal resistance of the cell. D_ The ems. of a cellis the amount of energy needed to bring a unit positive charge from infinity to its positive pole. MiJ 091P 11033 ‘Two cells of e.m-f. 3.0 V and 1.2 V and negligible internal resistance are connected to resistors of resistance 9,0 Wand 18 Was shown, 3ov 12V 4 What is the value of the current in the 9.0 W resistor? A 0.104 B 020A Cc 030A D o47A 83. OIN O8/P1/036 ‘The e.m4, of the battery is 9.0 V. The reading on the high-resistance voltmeter is 7.5 V. 9.0V What is the current /? A 0.104 B 050APhysics A-Level Paper-1 Classified 12.2: Kirchhoff's laws 478 Read and White Publications 12.2: Kirchhoff’s laws 4. Mid 201121037 Kirchhoffs first and second laws lit Which quantities do they link to? to the conservation of physical quantities, first law ‘second law A] charge eneray B | charge momentum c | energy charge d| energy momentum 2 OIN 19/P12/034 ‘Two cells with electromotive forces E; and E, and internal resistances r, and fr are connected to a resistor R as shown. cell coll ‘current ‘The terminal potential difference across cell 1 is zero. Which expression gives the resistance of resistor R? E,r,-E yf, Er, -Eyr E\p-E,r, Eytp-E pt, 2 p fenhie fe 2 p Spee 7 3. OIN 19/P111033 Which graph could show how the resistance R of a filament lamp varies with the applied potential difference (P.4,) V, as Vis increased to the normal operating p.d.? R R R R A B c : D , oF 7 oF 7 ° 0 v 4. OIN 191P11/Q34, MJ 04/P1/036 Kirchhoff two laws for electric circuits can be derived by (On which conservation laws do Kirchhoff’ laws depend? Kirchhott's | Kirehhot's first aw | second law charge current charge energy exert | mass @ energy ‘current Dow >Physics A-Level Paper-t Classified 42.2 Kirehhofts laws 479, Read and Write Publications 5, OIN 19/P11/036 The diagram shows a circuit containing four voltmeters, The readings on the voltmeters are V;, V2, Vs and Vs. All the readings are positive. ‘Which equation relating the voltmeter readings is correct? A WEV2+Ve B W=EVe+V3+V, CC Ve4Vs=W D Vs+ -V2=0 6. O1N 19/P11/038, MJ 14/P11/034 Inthe circuit shown, all the resistors are identical and all the ammeters have negligible resistance. ‘The reading on ammeter As is 0.6 A. ‘What are the readings on the other ammeters? reading on reading on reading on ammeter Ae/A | ammeter As/A | ammeter Ay/A A 10 03 on 8 14 06 02 c 18 09 03 D 22 12 04 7. IN 191P13/034 A battery of electromotive force (e.m..) 12 V and negligible each of resistance 6.0 2, as shown. 600 What is the power dissipated in resistor R? A 27W B 6.0WPhysics A-Level Papert Classified 8. OIN 19/P13/037 Which row correctly describes Kirchhoff's laws? 480 Read and Wire Publications physics principle i physics principle Kirchhotts first law | “applied for fist | Kirchhoff’ second law | applied for law second law A] Thesumofthe | conservation ‘conservation currents entering a | of charge of energy junction equals the ina circuit equals the sum of the currents ‘sum of the pd. around leaving the junction the same loop. B| Thesumottne | conservation | Thesumofthe ems | conservation currents entering a | ofenergy | around any closed loop | __of charge junction equals the ina circuit equals the ‘sum of the currents sum of the p.d.s around ving the junction. the same loop. ¢ |The sumoftheem.s| conservation | The sum of the currents | conservation around any closed | of energy entering a junction of charge loop ina circuit equals equals the sum of the the sum ofthe p.d.s ‘currents leaving the around the same loop. junction. D | The sum ofthe ems.s| conservation | The sum of te currents | conservation ‘around any closed | of charge entering a junction of energy loop in a circuit equals equals the sum of the the sum of the p.ds currents leaving the around the same loop. junction, 9. OIN 19/P 13/038, MIJ 14/P12/036 In the circuit shown, all the resistors are identical. What are the readings on the other voltmeters? reading on reading on voltmeter Vs/V | voltmeter Va/V A 15 10 B 3.0 20 @ 45 3.0 D 60 40 -f [SI [te ‘The reading on voltmeter V; is 8.0 V and the reading on voltmeter V2 is 1.0 V. 12.2 Kirchhoff tawePhysics Aeve Papert Classe a 12.2 Kiemots awe Read and Wit Pucatons 40, MNJ 1970127036 kirchhofs first law states thatthe sum of the currents entering a junetion in a citcult is equal fo the sum of the currents teavng ‘Tha law is based on the conservation ofa physical quantiy. ‘What is this physieel quantity? lasek olan A charge 8 energy © mass 14. Mid 197P 13/038 Two cells of electromotive force (e, resistors of resistance 9.0.9 and 18 © momentum VA) 3.0 V and 1.2 V and negligible internal resistance are connected to ‘a8 shown, 30V 12aVv . ‘What is the current | in the 9.0.0 resistor? A 0.108 B 020A © 030A 42, IN 18/P12/037 Kirchhoff's second law is a consequence of a basic principle. What is this principle? ‘A. The charge flowing in an electric circuit is conserved. B Theenergy in an electric circuit is conserved. © The sum of the electric currents entering a point in an électrical circuit is equal to the sum of the electric currents leaving that point. ‘The sum of the potential differences in a circuit is equal to the sum of the products of the current and resistance. 13. OIN 18/P13/Q37 Inthe circuit shown, the ammeter reading is zero. D OATA 500. R R= 2av 100 2000 - a What is the resistance of resistor R? A 109 B 2009 © 4000 D 60 14, Mid 181P11/033, Mid 03/P1/031 6 The sum of the electrical currents into a point in a circuit is equal to the sum of theMl 482 42.2 Kirchhoff laws Physios A-Level Paper-t Classified ‘ucua ili buaiaa, 15, Mid 18/P 111034 Inthe circuit shown, the batteries have negligible intemal resistance. 18V av or 2.00] ‘What are the values of the currents /, /2 and /s? MA iA BIA al 55 10 65 8 0s 40 35 eo] 38 40 os o| 6s 10 55 46. OIN 171121037 The circuit shown contains a resistor $ that is neither in series nor in parallel with the other resistors. 308 404 5A Lo s| Leith R R Kirchhoff laws can be used with the data in the diagram to deduce the resistance of each of the two identical resistors labelled R. What is the resistance of each resistor R? A 300 B 409 c 480 Dd 50a 17. OIN 16/P12/Q32, OIN 04/P 11035 ‘The giagram shows a junction in a circuit where three wires P, Q and R meet. The currents in ‘and 3 A respectively, in the directions shown, 4 given polt in wie Rina time of 5 82) B 2c © 106 >° 6" > 20 OG @ @jes Level Paper 09 122 Kirchhof laws bine! ee Read and Write Publications 18, Mid 17/P13/035, OIN 13/13/38 ‘8-20 d.c. supply is connected to @ circuit consisting of five resistors L, M,N, P and Q. Trae in pote rap of 7 V across Lada futher 4V pte op across N. What are the potential drops across M, ppotentisl drop | potential drop | potential drop across M/V_ | “acrossP/V | across Q/V a ° 7 19 8 % 7 13 c B " 9 > 7 3 7 19. OI 17/P11/037 A call of electromotive force E and negligible intemal resistance is connected to a network of resistors of resistances Ri, Re, Ry and Ry as shown. The branches of the circuit have currents /, fz and Is. ‘Which equation is correct? A WRe+ baRo= Rs + eRe Bo LRp~ Re~1Ro=0 28: OI 46/P11/037, OIN 16/P13/Q37, OIN 03/P1/032 The diagram shows currents /1, fa, /s, Ja and Js in diferent branches of a circuit. (Ri + Re + IRs + Rs DEF AR. + bRa— bRa~ hRy i iL MQ a Which equation is correct? wy A h#h+h B oh=hth ° Sigh” D KAl+hsPhysics A-Level Paper-t Classified 21 22. 23. au 122 Kirchhot' tvs Read and Write Publications OIN 161121037 Im the circuit shown, there is a current of 3.0 A in the 2.0 W resistor. ok ah 10 aoa 200 7 son What are the values of the current / delivered by the power supply and the voltage V across it? TA vv a 30 105 8 40 90 c 40 2 D 12 8 MAR 16/P12/Q34 ‘Three cells with e.m.fs Vs, V2 and Vs, have negligible intemal resistance. These cells are connected to three resistors with resistances Ry, Re and Rs, as shown, I Ry : ae a * Ke} The eurentin the cut is 2 Which equations cored? A V+ V2+V3= 1 (Ry + Ro + Rs) Co Vi— Va + Vy = 1(Ri + Re + Ra) B Vi+Va=Va=1(R, + Re + Ra) D Vi=Ve- Vase HRV + Re +R) MAR 16/P12/Q36, M/J 10/P13/Q36, M/J 10/P12/Q35, MJ 101P11/034 In deriving a formula for the combined resistance of three different resistors in series, Kirchhott's laws are used. ‘Which physics principle is involved in this derivation? A. the conservation of charge QD B__ the direction of the flow of charge is from negative to positive FD the potential difference across each resistor is the same se SS D the current varies in each resistor, in proportion to the resistor value BS & OI 181P13/037 GOS Annetwork of resistors, each of resistance 1 0, is connected as shown, Ser 10 19 19 o v in 40 19 1A The current passing through the end resistoris 1A. GY What isthe potential difference (p. 5 Vecaas he np Ge A 2v B SV c ey, D 13vPhysics A-Level Paper-t Classified 12.2 Kirchhoff laws 495 Read and Write Publications 25. MJ 18/P12/Q35, OIN 09/P12/32, OIN 09/P11/033 Each of Kirchhoff two laws presumes that some quantity is conserved, ‘Which row states Kirchhoff first law and names the quantity that is conserved? statement ‘quantity the algebraic sum of ‘A | currents into a junction is charge zero the algebraic sum of B | currents into a junction is energy zero the e.m. in a loop is ‘equal to the algebraic sum C | of the product of current charge and resistance round the loop the e.m. ina loop is ‘equal to the algebraic sum D | of the product of current energy land resistance round the loop 26. Mid 15/P12/037 A cell of e.m.f. 2.0 V and negligible intemal resistance is connected to a network of resistors as shown. ov \ I, t zoo +——_c “4+ 400 —— 200 1 400 What is the current /2 A 025A B 033A c 0.504 D 154 27. MIS 151P13/Q37, MiJ 111111035, Mid 41/P13/037 The diagram shows part of a current-carrying circuit, The ammeter has negligible resistance, 1.00 560A What is the reading on the ammeter? A OTA B 134Physics A-Level Paper-t Classified 28. 1 496 12.2 Kirehhots laws Read and Wille Publications COIN 141P12/035 , O/N 14/P11/035, OIN 02/P11034 The combined resistance Rr of two resistors of resis formula shown, Inces Ry and Ry connected in parallel is given by the Which statement is used in the derivation of this formula? ‘A The currents through the two resistors are equal. | B The potential difference across each resistor is th © The supply current is split between the two re resistances. D__ The total power dissipated is the sum of the powers dissipated in the two resistors separately. COIN 14/P13/037, ON 04/P1/037 In the circuit shown, the ammeters have negligible resistance and the voltmeters have infinite resistance. ‘The readings on the meters are 1, /z, Vy and V2, as labelled on the diagram. Which statement is correct? A h>hand\y>V2 B h>handVyV; D h 9. Mid 19/P13/037 potential divider circuit is shown. on DG ov » [sow ‘What i the resistance of resistor R inthe potential divide, A 6250 B 1070 c Bo, D 3609Physics A-Level Paper-1 Classified 10. MAR 19/P12/038 12,3: Potential dividers 492 Read and Write Publications ‘The circuit shown consists of two resistors of resistances 10 k2 and 50 kA and a component Y. ‘6.0 V supply is provided. The electric potential of the bottom wire is 0 V. 60V 10K. 50Ka. ov. ‘The current in component Y is negligible, What is the electric potential at junction X 2 A 10V B 12V 11. OIN 18/P12/Q34, ON 13/P13/034 An electrical device of fixed resistance 20 © is conne electromotive force (e.m.t. 16 V and negligible internal resistance. ‘component ¥ 48V D 50v d in series with a variable resistor and a baltery of 16V }:} I r 200 device ‘What is the resistance of the variable resistor when the power dissipated in the electrical device is 4.0 W? A 162 B 362 12, OIN 18/P12/038 Two cells are investigated usin gives a reading of 70 cm, ¢ 440 D 60a 1g 4 potentiometer. At the balance point, cell X gives a reading of 44 cm and cell Y cell X galvanometer Which statement is not correct? com> The value of the em, of A potentiometer balance point results in zero current through the gal At the balance point, the current through resistor R in both circuits i The electromotive force (e,m.t) of cell X is larger than that of ich of the cells X and Y is “2 O CyPhysics A-Level Paper-t Classified 12,3: Potential dividers: 493, Read and Write Publications 13, OIN 18/P11/038 ‘The diagram shows a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 6 V, connected in series with a resistor and a uniform resistance wire RQ of length 60 cm. ‘The resistance of RQ is equal to the resistance of the resistor. a —+4 * x ¥ ‘Terminal X is connected to fixed point R, Terminal Y is connected to point P, a connection that may be made at any position along the wire. L is the distance between R and P. ‘Which graph shows the variation with L of the potential difference (p.d.) V across XY? 6 vw vv A © . Gefen ny : trem . Lem 6 6 viv vw B D of © tem © : trem 14. OIN 18/P13/035 A resistor X of resistance 40 and a variable resistor are connected to a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f) 12 V and internal resistance 2.0 ©, as shown, ‘The resistance of the variable resistor is changed from 0 to 40. What isthe change in power dissipated in resistor X? A 24w B27W c 36w > 18. Mid 18/P12/037 ‘A thermistor is an electrical component with a resistance that varies with temperatiz8 thermistor Tis used in a fire alarm system. The alarm is triggered when the potenti aft between X and Y is 4.5 V. i) Fo) tv s fon eo” 1 1500 x What is the resistance of T when the alarm is triggered? Xo A 909 B 1500 C25 D 4009At 12.3: Potential dividers Physics A-Level Paper-t Classified ‘niacin 18. Mid 18/P11/035 5 A battery of electromotive force (e.m.{.) 6,0 V and negligible internal resistance is connected to three resistors omen. [fen Each resistor has a resistance of 4.0 kO. What is the current in resistor X? A 0.25mA B 0.50mA © 0.75mA D 1.0mA 17, Mid 187P111036 ‘A.uniform resistance wire XY of length 100 cm is connected in series with a cell L. Another cell M is connected in series with resistors of resistances 5.00 ©, 10.0 0 and 15.09. ‘The potential difference (p.d.) between P and Q is balanced against 12.5 cm of the resistance wire, so that the ammeter reads zero. . The p.d. across the other resistors is then balanced against other lengths of the resistance wire, Which balanced lengths of resistance wire correspond to the connection points given in the table? ‘connection balanced length/em points an leap aacralag) aandr | 125 | 250 | 250 | 250 Qends | 625 | 625 | 750 | 625 Pandk | 375 | 375 | 375 | 125 18. Mi 181P13/037 The circuit diagram shows a battery of electromotive force (e.m. + sov | +_ Re Vou ® 4.0V ‘What is the resistance R? Sy A 320 B 490 ce 1a D 1289Physies A-Level Paper-1 Classified 19. 20. 24. Potential dividers 495 Read and Write Publications Mid 18/P13/Q36, M/J 04/P1/035 ‘The diagram shows a battery, a fixed resistor, an ammeter and a variable resistor connected in series. Avvoltmeter is connected across the fixed resistor. : |t--f lel ange ‘The value of the variable resistor is reduced. ‘Which correctly describes the changes in the readings of the ammeter and of the voltmeter? ammeter voltmeter A decrease decrease B decrease increase ¢ increase decrease D increase increase MJ 18/P13/038 e Is applied across XY. Ry In the circuit shown, XY is a length L of uniform resistance wire. A potential difference and Re are unknown resistors. J is a sliding contact that joins the junction of Ry and Re to points on XY through & lamp 8. 4Jis moved along XY to a point at which the lamp is off. This points at a distance x from X. The potential difference across R; is V; and the potential difference across Reis Vo. V, What isthe value of the ratio 7"? A L x atk a x c 120) laa Vv; Vv. Wat ite rato“ a5 BPotential dividers Physics A-Level Paper Classiied 496 Read and Wte Publications 22. MAR 18/P121036 A potential divider circu is constructed with one variable resistor X and one fixed resistor Y, as shown. ‘The potential difference across resistor X is Vx and the potential difference of resistor Y is Vy. As the resistance of X is increased, what happens to Vx and to Vy? Ve Ww : A falis rises B falls stays the same © rises falls > fises stays the same 23. OIN 17/P12/038 ‘The diagram shows a potential divider connected to a 12 V supply of negligible internal resistance. 3000, tev x 0-102 Y Which range of voltages can be obtained between X and Y? c otosv D otosv A 0to3V B Otoav 24. OIN 17/P13/036 ‘Two cells, each with electromotive force (e.m.t) E, but differént internal resistances r; and rz, are connected in series to a resistor R. The reading on the voltmeter is 0 V. ‘What is the resistance of R? Ao Bon-hPhysics A-Level Paper-1 Classified 497 12.3: Potential dividers Read and Write Publications 25. OIN 17/P13/Q37, ‘Three identical cells each have electromotive force (e.m.t.) E and negligible internal resistance. ‘The cells are connected to three identical resistors, each of resistance R, as shown. & rt R e R R gel What is the potential difference between P and Q? Ao e & co De 26, MNJ 17/P11/036 A computer is used to detect the change of position of a switch. To detect the change of position, the computer requires a potential difference (p.d.) of 0 V to its input at one switch position and a p.d. of between 5 V and 7 V at the other switch position. For each of the circuits, assume the battery has negligible intemal resistance. Which circuit provides an input voltage to the computer that enables it to detect the change of position of the switch? aKa tke. aC * oN eae computer input voltage [computer tka | input voltage |computer loka | input voliagePhysics A-Level Paper-1 Classified Wea tell kee 12.3: Potential dividers Pbiications | 27, Mid 17/P131036 A potential divider circuit consists of a cell of negligible internal resistance in series with two variable resistors of Fesistances R, and R. The potential difference (p.d,) across the cell is Vo, The pad. at the output is V. Which statement is correct? ‘A When Ry increases, it takes a greater proportion of Vo, so V de When Ry increases, the current through Ry and Rz decreas © When Re decreases, it takes a smaller proportion of Vo, $0 V increast When R: increases, the current through Ry and Rr decreases, so V decreases. 28, MAR 17/P12/037 A potential divider consists of two resistors of resistances Ry and Ry connected in series across a source of potential difference (p.d.) Va. The p.d. across Ry is Vou. Which changes to R; and to Re will increase the value of Vau? R Re A | doutied | doubles B | doubled | halved | haves | doubled | haves | halved 29, Mid 161121037 , In the circuit shown, contact may be made at any point along the 3 2 resistor (potentiometer) he ele), + 20 30. 49 Lo output voltage The battery has e.m,f, 9 V and negligible internal resistanggs>” What is the maximum range of the output voltage? A 0-2V B 0-5V © 2-