COURSE INTEGRATION I – ENGINEERING DATA ANALYSIS

CONCEPTS c. Purposive sampling

d. Systematic sampling
It refers as the numerical values which indicate or locate
the center of the distribution. It refers to the arrangement of objects with reference
to order.
a. Measures of Variability
b. Measures of Location a. Combination
c. Measures of Central Tendency b. Circular Permutation
d. None of the above. c. Factorial Notation
d. Permutation
A distribution that lacks symmetry with respect to a
vertical axis. It is a statistical measure that is frequently used to
indicate the probability of a specific umber of success
a. Symmetric
occurring from a specific number of independent trials.
b. Skewed
c. Distributed a. Continuous random variable
d. None of the Choice b. Normal Distribution
c. Binomial Distribution
A statistic distribution test used when relationship of
d. Poisson Distribution
two or more variables are said to be not equal to or the
problem has no condition. A discrete random variable that counts the independent
trials required to obtain the first success.
a. Two tailed test
b. Probability Distribution a. Hypergeometric variable
c. One tailed test b. Negative binomial variable
d. Analysis of Variance c. Geometric variable
d. Binomial variable
A statistical hypothesis test that used when an
experiment uses a small sample size, and the Is a collection of statistical models used to analyze the
population variance is unknown. differences among group means and their associated
procedures.
a. Z-Test
b. T-Test a. Analysis of Variance
c. P-Test b. Analysis of Variables
d. F-Test c. Analysis of Mean
d. Design of Experiments
A type I error is always made when:
In this type of skewness, median is greater than mean
a. The null hypothesis is rejected when it is true.
but less than the mode.
b. The null hypothesis is not rejected when it is
false. a. Positively Skewed
c. The research hypothesis is rejected when it is b. Symmetric
true. c. Negatively Skewed
d. The research hypothesis is not rejected when it d. None of the above
is false.

It implies that any particular sample of a specified

sample size has the same chance of being selected as
any other sample of the same size.

a. Biased sampling
b. Random sampling
It is a statistical analysis that examines two or more The variance of a sample of 81 observations equals 64.
independent samples based on one characteristic to The standard deviation of the sample equals to:
determine whether their population means could be
a. 10
equal by comparing their variability between groups
b. 9
and within groups.
c. 8
a. Two-way ANOVA d. 7
b. One-way ANOVA
c. Correlation
d. Probability Distribution

EXAMPLE OF COMPUTATIONS A report states that the mean household income last
year for a certain rural country was $60,300 and the
Given the following data 10, 20, 30, 40, 50. Find the
median was $52, 800. If a histogram were constructed
population variance.
for the incomes of all households in the country, The
a. 100 distribution is approximately:
b. 50
a. Symmetrical
c. 250
b. Skewed to the right
d. 200
c. Skewed to the left
d. Abnormal

If the average age of retirement for the entire

population in a country is 60 years and the distribution
CALC TECHNIQUE:
is normal with a standard deviation of 4 years, what is
STAT > 1-VAR > INPUT VALUES (=) > AC > SHIFT+1 > 4 the approximate age range in which 95% of people
VAR > 3 (σ x) > ^2 > = ANSWER retire?

Find the median and mode of the messages received on a. 56 to 68 years old
twelve consecutive days 14, 11, 9, 5, 4, 15, 13, 18, 5, 10, b. 56 to 64 years old
18. c. 52 to 68 years old
d. 52 to 64 years old
a. 13, 5
b. 12, 18
c. 18, 15
d. 15, 15
 The mean age of salesladies in an ABC department store
is 30, with a standard deviation of 6. Between which
two age limits must 75% of the data set lie?

a. 18 to 42 years old
b. 24 to 62 years old
c. 24 to 48 years old
d. 30 to 48 years old

Heights of 18-year-old males have a bell-shaped

distribution with mean 69.6 inches and standard
deviation 1.2 inches. About what percent of all such
men are between 68.4 and 72.0 inches tall?
Consider the frequency table below:
a. 95%
b. 68%
c. 97.5%
d. 81.5%

What is the mode and median of the data set?

a. 54.5 and 47.5

b. 54.5 and 49.0
c. 44.5 and 47.5
d. 44.5 and 40.45

About what percent of all such men are between 69.6

and 70.8 inches tall?
EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
b. (C’ ∩ B) ∪ A
Let: S = {0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

A = {0, 2, 4, 7, 9}

B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}

C = {2, 3, 4, 5}

D = {1,5,7}
c. (A ∩ B)’ ∩ D
Find the following:

a. (A ∪ B) ∩ D

In how many ways can 2 men, 4 women, 3 boys, and 3

girls be selected from 6 men, 8 women, 4 boys, and 5
How many ways can four married couples sit on a park
girls if no restrictions are imposed?
bench if every husband and wife must sit together?
a. 99
a. 384
b. 72
b. 40,320
c. 4200
c. 16
d. 14800
d. 48

How many ways can four married couples sit on a park

In how many ways can 7 people be arranged in circles
bench with no restriction?
such that two people must sit together?

a. 240
b. 5040
c. 480
d. 120
A t-shirt manufacturer produces shirts with 5 different
designs that come in 6 colors for S, M, and L sizes, and
in 3 different colors for XS and XL sizes. How many
different types of shirts are made?

a. 540
b. 120
c. 42000
d. 96
In how many ways can 7 people be arranged in circle Assume that 6 women and 8 men work in a department
such that two people must NOT sit together? at a large company, a committee of 4 people from the
department is to be formed, what is the probability that
the committee will consist of 1 woman and 3 men?

a. 0.2857
b. 0.0625
c. 0.5417
In how many ways can group of 4 boys be selected from d. 0.3357
10 if the eldest boy is included in each group?

The probability that a contractor gets an electric

The ice cream shop offers 16 flavors. You order a triple- contract is 2/7 and that of his getting a plumbing
scoop cone. In how many different was can the vendor contract is 3/5. If the probability of his getting at least
put the ice cream on the cone if you wanted different one of the contracts is 5/7. What is the probability of his
flavors? getting both the contracts?

a. 0.8286
b. 0.54229
c. 0.1714
d. 0.1471
A card is drawn randomly from a deck of ordinary
playing cards. You win $20 if the card is a heart or an
ace. What is the probability that you will win the game?

a. 3/13
b. 4/13
c. 5/13
d. 6/13 In a group of 72 students, 14 take neither English nor
Chemistry, 42 take English and 38 take Chemistry. What
is the probability that a student chosen at random from
this group takes both English and Chemistry?

a. 58/72
b. 8/72
c. 22/72
d. 14/72
A jar contains 5 orange, 4 white, and 3 red marbles. Two A class in advanced physics is comprised of 10 juniors,
marbles are drawn without replacement from the jar. 30 seniors, and 10 graduate students. The final grades
What is the probability that the first marble drawn is red show that 3 of the juniors, 10 of the seniors, and 5 of
and white on the second? the graduate students received an A for the course. If a
student is chosen at random from this class and is found
a. 1/12
to have earned an A, what is the probability that he or
b. 2/12
she is a junior?
c. 1/11
d. 2/11 a. 0.200
b. 0.333
c. 0.556
d. 0.167

In a library box, there are 8 novels, 8 biographies, and 8

war history books. If jack selects two books at random,
what is the probability of selecting two different kins of
books in a row?

It is known that pf the articles produced by a factory,

20% come from Machine A, 30% from Machine B, and
50% from Machine C. The percentages of satisfactory
articles among those produced are 95% for A, 85% for B
and 90% for C. An article is chosen at random what is
the probability that it is satisfactory?
The table below which shows how males and females in a. 0.963
this class answered the survey question “Who do you b. 0.895
plan to vote for?” c. 0.727
d. 0.755

Suppose you draw randomly from the students who

answered this survey: Draw 3 students without
replacement. What is he chance that none are John’s
An article is chosen at random and found out to be
voters?
satisfactory, what is the probability that it came from
a. 0.0846 Machine C?
b. 0.8241
c. 0.1765
d. 0.0840
70% of your friends like chocolate, and 35% like Special Continuous Random Variable
chocolate and like strawberry. What percent of those
Uniform Distribution 𝟏
who like chocolate also like strawberry? 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒃−𝒂
Normal Distribution 𝒙−𝝁
𝒛=
𝝈

Where: n = no. of obs.

In school, 60% of pupils have access to the internet at
home. A group of 8 students is chosen at random. Find r = no. of success
the probability that at least 6 students have access to p = probability of success
the internet.
q = probability of failure
a. 0.2160
b. 0.2090
c. 0.3873 NOTE: p + q = 1
d. 0.3154

Suppose we randomly select 6 cards without

replacement from a deck of cards. What is the
probability of selecting exactly 4 red cards?

a. 0.2387
b. 0.0769
c. 0.7613
d. 0.2384

Find the probability that exactly 2 students have access

to the internet.

In a test there were 10 multiple choice questions with 4

choices for each given. A student, who has not prepared
well for the test, just guess the answers and selects the
options. What is the probability that he or she gets at
least one question correct?

a. 0.999
Special Discrete Random Variable
b. 0.944
Binomial n𝐶𝑟 × 𝑝 𝑟 × 𝑞 𝑛−𝑟 c. 0.187
d. 0.250
Negative Binomial n-1𝐶𝑟−1 × 𝑝 𝑟 × 𝑞 𝑛−𝑟

Poisson Distribution 𝑒 −𝜇 × 𝜇 𝑥
𝑥!
What is the probability that he or she gets exactly 2 An average of 5 automobiles arrives at a certain
questions correct? intersection every minute according to Poisson
distribution. What is the probability that at least 2
automobiles arrive in 2 minutes?

a. 0.9995
Customers enter a department store at random at an b. 0.9972
average rate of four per minute. Determine the c. 0.0023
probability that at least one customer enters the store d. 0.0366
in a given half-minute interval.

a. 0.1354
b. 0.8647
c. 0.6105
d. 0.8120

A random committee of size 3 is selected from 4 men

and 2 women. If X is the random variable representing
the number of men on the committee, find P(2 ≤ x ≤ 3).
The probability that a student pilot passes the written
test for a private pilot’s license is 0.7. What is the a. 2/5
probability that the student will pass the test on the b. 3/5
third try? c. 4/5
d. 1/2
a. 0.189
b. 0.630
c. 0.996
d. 0.063

An observer stands at an overpass of a highway and

counts the cars that pass by. He stops counting when
she sees a red car. If the probability of cars which are
red is 0.20, what is the probability that 10 cars will be
observed?

a. 0.0020
b. 0.2684
c. 0.0268
d. 0.8620
You arrive at a building and are about to take an
elevator to your floor. Once you call the elevator, it will
Determine the value of K so that the function f(x) = k (x2
take between 0 and 40 seconds to arrive to you. We will
+ 4) can be a valid probability distribution of discrete
assume that the elevator arrives uniformly between 0
random variable x for the values of x = 0, 1, 2, 3.
and 40 seconds after you press the button. What
probability that elevator takes at most 15 seconds to a. 1/30
arrive? b. 1/15
c. 1/10
a. 5/8
d. 1/25
b. 2/3
c. 3/8
d. 2/8

Given the standard normal distribution, find the normal

The length of time patients must wait to see a doctor at curve area under the curve which lies to the right of z =
an emergency room in a large hospital has a uniform -0.89
distribution between 40 minutes and 3 hours. What is
the probability that a patient would have to wait more a. 0.1867
than one hour to see a doctor? b. 0.8133
c. 0.1833
a. 6/7 d. 0.2212
b. 2/5
c. 3/7
d. 4/5

CALC TECHNIQUE:

STAT > 1-VAR > AC > SHIFT+1 > 5 DISTRI > 1 FOR P, 3 FOR
R > INPUT Z VALUE > = > ANSWER

NOTE: P + R = 1, once you get R you can just subtract it

to 1 to get P.
 A population has a mean 555 and standard deviation
40. Find the mean and standard deviation of sample
A city installs 2000 electric lamps for street lighting.
means for the samples of size 50.
These lamps have a mean burning life of 1000 hours
with a standard deviation of 200 hours. The normal a. 560 and 5.88
distribution is a close approximation to this case. What b. 545 and 5.62
is the probability that a lamp will fail in the first 800 c. 555 and 5.66
burning hours?

a. 0.0668
b. 0.1587
c. 0.2321 Find the probability that the mean of a sample of size
d. 0.8413 50 will be more than 570.

a. 0.031
b. 0.004
c. 0.0052

An electrical firm manufactures light bulbs that have a

length of life that is normally distributed with mean
equal to 800 hours and a std. deviation of 40 hours. Find
the probability that a bulb burns between 778 and 834
hours? VENN DIAGRAM

a. 0.4489 In a hospital there were 200 Diabetes, 150

b. 0.8023 Hypertension and 150 gastro-enteritis patients. Of
c. 0.1511 these, 80 patients were treated for both Diabetes and
d. 0.5112 Hypertension, 60 patients were treated for Gastro-
enteritis and Hypertension, while 70 were treated for
both Diabetes and Gastro-enteritis. Some of these
patients have all the three diseases. Doctor Dianne
treats patients with only Diabetes. Doctor Hype treats
patients with only Hypertension and Doctor Gaston
treats patients with only Gastro-enteritis. Doctor Gene
is a generalist. Therefore, he can treat patients with
The probability is 0.80 that a patient with a certain multiple diseases. Patients always prefer a specialist for
disease will be successfully treated with a new medical their disease. If Dr. Dianne had 80 patients, how many
treatment. Suppose that a treatment is used on 40 patients are assigned to Dr. Gaston? What is the
patients. What is the “expected value” of the number of probability that the patient will be assigned to Dr.
patients who are successfully treated? Gene?

a. 40
b. 20
c. 8
d. 32
 XY company is being charged with discrimination in its
overtime salary payment. What hypothesis is being
tested if a court commits a type I error by finding the
company guilty?

a. The company is not guilty

b. The company is guilty
c. The company is always guilty

A trade’s annual bonus is normally distributed with

Scores on an entrance exam in large university, mean of $650,000 and a std. deviation of $125,000. Her
freshman course are normally distributed with mean bonuses are independent from year to year. Find the
72.5 and standard deviation 13.0. Find the probability probability that her average bonus over a five-year
that the score X on a randomly selected exam paper is period will be less than $500,000.
between 70 and 80. a. 0.1151
a. 0.2944 b. 0.0268
b. 0.3210 c. 0.0037
c. 0.6244 d. 0.0307

Find the probability that the mean score x̄ of 40

randomly elected exam papers is between 70 and 80. Mrs. Fernandez believes that the mean income of
a. 0.8886 teachers is now more than Php 45,000 per month. What
b. 0.8212 is the correct set of hypotheses to test this belief?
c. 0.7431 a. H0: μ ≥ 45 000; H1: μ < 45 000
b. H0: μ ≤ 45 000; H1: μ > 45 000
c. H0: μ = 45 000; H1: μ ≠ 45 000
d. H0: μ < 45 000; H1: μ ≥ 45 000
Suppose you are a buyer of large supplies of light bulbs. A company believes that roughly 35% of consumers rate
You want to test, at the 5% significance level, the its brand first in quality. They would like to estimate the
manufacturer’s claim that his bulbs last more than 800 proportion more accurately and retains a market
hours. You test 36 bulbs and find the sample mean x is research firm to survey n consumers. Using the initial
816 hours and the sample standard deviation s = 70 estimate of 35% as a guide, determine how large n must
hours. Should you accept the claim? be to ensure that there is only 5% chance that the
estimate from the survey will differ from the true value
by more than 3 percent points.

a. 511
b. 641
c. 851
d. 971

The random variable X representing the number of A statistic instructor at a rural university would like to
cherries in a cherry puff, has the following distribution examine the relationship (if any) between the number
table: of optional homework problems students do during the
semester and their final course grade. She randomly
selects 12 students for study and asks them to keep
track of the semester. At the end of the class each
student’s total is recorded along with their final grade.
a. Find the mean and variance of X 5.3; 0.81
2
b. Find the mean 𝜇𝑥 and variance 𝜇𝑥 of X for the
random samples of 36 cherry puffs. 5.3;
0.0225
c. Find the probability that the average number of
cherries in 36 cherry puffs will be less than 5.5
P (1.33) = 0.9082

a. Compute the linear correlation coefficient – r –

for this data set = 0.8853
b. Classify the direction and strength of the
correlation = moderately positive
 c. Use the regression equation to predict a ANOVA
student’s final course grade if 75 optional
The data below represent the number of hours of pain
homework assignments are done = 71.4
relief provided by 5 different brands of headache
d. Use the regression equation to compute the
tablets administered to 25 subjects. The 25 subjects
number of optional homework assignments
were randomly divided into 5 groups and each group
that need to be completed if a student expects
was treated with a different brand.
an 85. = 113 (out of prediction range)
e. Test the hypothesis for a significant linear
correlation. alpha = 0.05 (reject the null
hypothesis t = 6.01 vs – 2.228 to 2.228)

CALC TECHNIQUE:

STAT > 2: A+BX > INPUT X AND Y VALUE > AC > SHIFT+1
> 5: REG > 3: r / 4: x > = > ANSWER
Perform the analysis of variance and test the hypothesis
at the 0.05 level of significance that the mean number
of hours of relief provided by the tablets is the same for
all five brands.

The following table gives information on ages and

cholesterol levels for a random sample of 10 men.

a. Find the regression of cholesterol level on age.

y = 156.3 + 0.65 (x)
b. Calculate r.
r = 0.41
c. Predict the cholesterol level of a 60-year-old
man.
60 y = 195
d. Test the 5% significance level if b is positive.
It is suspected that higher-priced automobiles are
assembled with greater care than the lower-priced
automobiles. To investigate whether there is any basis
for this, a large luxury model A, a medium-size sedan B,
and a subcompact hatchback C were compared for
defects when they arrived at the dealer’s showroom. All
cars were manufactured by the same company. The
number of defects for several of the three models are
recorded in the following table.

Test the hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance that

the average number of defects is the same for the three
models.