Volume 9, Issue 3, March – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAR1611

Selfsupport Assistive Device for

Visually Impaired People Using Iot
1st 2nd
M.Devanathan.,M.E.; K.Abinaya; 3rdM. Akshaya; 4thJ.Amoha; 5thR. Sathya
Assistant Professor/ECE UG Student/ECE
Krishnasamy College of Engineering & Technology Krishnasamy College of Engineering & Technology
Cuddalore, Tamilnadu Cuddalore, Tamilnadu

Abstract:- Assistive device tailored for visually II. LITERATURE SURVEY

impaired individuals to navigate streets, public spaces,
and seeking aid independently. It outlines the key A. Device for Blind People
components of the system, including a microcontroller The excerpt outlines a systematic review and meta-
board, various sensors, cellular communication, GPS analysis spanning from 1980 to 2015, aiming to estimate
modules, IoT technology, and a Bluetooth instruction the global prevalence of various vision impairments,
provider are showcasing the technological backbone including blindness and near vision issues. Researchers
supporting its functionalities. The system primarily used hierarchical models to analyze data and estimate
employs sensors to track the user's path and detect prevalence rates by age, country, and sex for conditions like
obstacles, alerting them through sound and wrist mild and severe visual impairment, blindness, and
vibrations. Notably, it also notifies nearby individuals presbyopia. The study provides valuable insights into the
when assistance is required and sends alerts, alongside distribution and trends of vision impairment globally,
the user's location, to registered family members and aiding policymakers and healthcare professionals in
caregivers via phone messages. Furthermore, registered developing targeted interventions to address these issues.
phones can retrieve the system's location and enable
real-time tracking of VIP. The abstract underscores the B. Smart Stick: Concept and Experiments
system's thorough testing and verification process, The proposed smart stick for the visually impaired
ensuring its functionality effectiveness. Lastly, it integrates an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles, an LDR
emphasizes the system's superiority over existing to sense lighting conditions, and an RF remote for remote
solutions and anticipates its significant positive impact locating. Feedback to the user is provided through either a
on enhancing the quality of life for visually impaired buzzer or vibrator motor. This comprehensive design aims
individuals. to enhance navigation and independence for visually
impaired individuals, with potential for further
Keywords:- IOT, SOS, GSM, GPS, Bluetooth, Embedded C. customization and innovation.

I. INTRODUCTION C. Wearable Device for Deaf-Blind People

The paper introduces Glove Pi, an affordable and
The introduction adeptly identifies the pervasive open-source assistive system designed to aid
challenges confronting visually impaired persons (VIPs), communication for deaf-blind individuals using the Malossi
notably their reliance on aids and assistance for mobility alphabet. The system comprises three main components: a
and the inadequate integration of communication systems gardener glove, a Raspberry Pi, and an MPR121 capacitive
in existing solutions. It subtly references previous research touch sensor module with an expansion board. The
efforts, suggesting their shortcomings in delivering holistic MPR121 module serves as a communication bridge
solutions, likely due to complexity and cost barriers. In between the Raspberry Pi and the sensors embedded in the
response, the proposed system emerges as an innovative glove, facilitating data transfer. The Raspberry Pi functions
solution, leveraging IoT and sensor technology to empower as a Wi-Fi hotspot and server, enabling data transmission to
VIPs enhanced mobility and continuous connectivity. By the client—a dedicated Android application. This
integrating features like obstacle detection and stumble innovative system leverages accessible technology to
alerts, the system demonstrates a proactive approach to provide a practical solution for enhancing communication
ensuring user safety and reducing dependence on external accessibility and independence for deaf-blind individuals.
assistance. Noteworthy is implicit emphasis on accessibility
and affordability, indicating a commitment to broadening D. Visual Guidance System for Blind
access to VIPs from diverse backgrounds. Moreover, user- The paper describes the development of a navigation
centric design underscores an understanding of the aid for the blind and visually impaired, centered around a
importance of social support networks, while the scalability smart cap. The cap utilizes a No IR camera to capture the
facilitated by cloud data management hints at the potential wearer's surroundings, enabling object detection. Through
for ongoing improvement through data-driven insights. earphones, the system provides voice output to describe
detected objects, facilitating navigation for the user. By

IJISRT24MAR1611 www.ijisrt.com 2235

Volume 9, Issue 3, March – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAR1611

combining innovative technology with practical swiftly but also fosters a sense of security and reassurance
application, this smart cap offers a means for individuals for both the VIP and their support network. Furthermore,
with visual impairments to experience greater freedom and the system's incorporation of cloud connectivity and
autonomy in navigating their environment. Internet of Things (IoT) technology enhances its
functionality and accessibility. Through continuous
E. Object Detection System for the Blind location tracking, families and caregivers can monitor the
For blind individuals, the ability to navigate and VIP's movements in real-time, facilitating rapid response in
organize daily activities is crucial for their overall health case of emergencies or unexpected situations.
and well-being. Simple tasks can become challenging, as
distinguishing between items like packaged foods and drug Moreover, the utilization of cloud-based storage
containers through touch alone is not always feasible. RFID enables seamless data upload, storage, and retrieval,
(Radio Frequency Identification) technology offers a streamlining the process of information sharing and
promising solution to enhance organization and orientation analysis. This integration of technology not only augment
during daylight activities for the blind. By using RFID tags the system efficacy but also contribute with its scalability
attached to various items, such as food packages and and adaptability to user needs.
medication containers, the blind can access information
about these items through RFID readers. This technology In essence, the proposed system represents a
enables them to identify and differentiate between objects significant advancement in assistive technology for VIPs,
more efficiently, thus empowering them to organize their offering a holistic solution that addresses both their
daily activities with greater ease and independence. mobility and communication requirements. By combining
Overall, RFID technology has the potential to significantly innovative sensor technology, alert systems, and cloud
improve the quality of life for blind individuals by connectivity, the system not only enhances the safety and
facilitating better organization and navigation in their independence of VIPs but also fosters greater connectivity
everyday lives. and support within their social network.

 Existing System As a result, it holds the potential significant to

The existing system designed to aid visually impaired improve the quality of life and overall well-being of
individuals employs a combination of sensors, GPS, and visually impaired individuals, empowering them to
communication modules to offer navigation assistance and navigate through the world with confidence and autonomy.
emergency support. Sensors detect obstacles, while GPS
tracks the user's location for navigation. A GSM module III. METHODOLOGY
facilitates communication by sending emergency alerts
with the user's location to predefined contacts. The proposed system present a multifaceted approach
to address the safety and independence of visually impaired
Additionally, a WIFI module may provide internet individuals (VIPs). Worn on the wrist of VIPs for
connectivity for real-time tracking and enhanced navigation convenience, the system employs sensors to monitor the
assistance. Some versions also include heartbeat and path up to 4 meters ahead, triggering alarm sounds and
temperature sensors for monitoring the user's vital signs. vibrations as the user approaches obstacles. This dual-alert
Despite its effectiveness, reliance on GSM communication system accommodate user with hearing impairment or in
may lead to reliability issues, especially in areas with poor noisy environment.
network coverage. Further development is needed to
improve reliability, accuracy, and adaptability to various In case of a stumble, the system automatically alerts
environments. nearby individuals and send a SMS to the user's family or
caregivers, ensuring prompt assistance. Moreover, users
 Proposed System can activate an alarm by uttering the word "Help," which
The proposed system present a multifaceted approach also notifies surrounding individuals and sends an SMS
to address the challenges faced by visually impaired with the user's location to their support network.
individuals (VIPs) in navigating their surrounding safely Additionally, the system allows for location tracking
and independently. By harnessing the capabilities of through SMS requests, empowering caregivers to locate the
detection sensors, the system empowers VIPs to detect device when needed. Utilizing Internet of Things (IoT)
obstacles in their path, thereby mitigating risk of collisions technology, all data, including obstacle detection and
and falls. location information, is uploaded to the cloud, ensuring
accessibility and analysis.
Additionally, the system's alert mechanisms serve as a
vital lifeline by promptly notifying both family members Overall, this comprehensive system not only enhances
and caregivers of any stumbling incidents or instances safety but also fosters independence for VIPs, enabling
where the VIP requires assistance. This timely them to navigate their surroundings with greater confidence
communication not only ensures that help can be provided and support.

IJISRT24MAR1611 www.ijisrt.com 2236

Volume 9, Issue 3, March – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAR1611

Fig 1: Block Diagram

IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM DISCRIPTION E. Vibration Sensor

Piezoelectric vibration sensors harness the
The microcontroller AT89S52 is chosen for its robust piezoelectric effect to convert pressure, acceleration, or
capabilities and cost-effectiveness, offering a flexible force into electrical signals, serving diverse purposes in
solution for various embedded control applications. quality assurance, process control, and research across
Programming for the microcontroller is done in Embedded industries.
C language and compiled using KEIL. Communication
between PC and microcontroller is facilitated through the F. Mems
MAX232 standard, with both ends programmed using C Accelerometer, renowned for their low power
language. consumption and accuracy, detect proper acceleration in
devices like process control systems and vehicles,
A. AT89S52 Microcontroller measuring phenomena such as vibration, tilt, collision, and
The AT89S52 microcontroller boast low power gravity.
consumption and high performance with 8K bytes of In-
system programmable Flash memory making it compatible Gyroscopes, relying on angular momentum principles,
with industry-standard 80C51 instruction set. maintain orientation by resisting external torque, crucial for
applications requiring stable orientation, such as navigation
B. Infrared Sensor systems.
Infrared sensors, widely favoured by amateur
roboteers, provide crucial insights for various robotics G. ADC0808/0809
events in India, offering granular control for tasks such as The ADC0808/0809 data components feature a 8-bit
line following, obstacle avoidance, and micro mouse Analog-to-digital converter and a 8-channel multiplexer,
navigation. utilizing successive approximation for conversion without
the needs of external adjustments, and offers easy
C. Ultrasonic Sensor interfacing with microprocessors.
Ultrasonic sensors, akin to radar or sonar, utilize high-
frequency sound waves to evaluate echoes for target H. Relay
attributes, finding applications in measuring wind speed, Relays serve as electrically operated switches,
tank fullness, and speed through air or water. facilitating circuit switching without direct electrical
connection, making them indispensable for applications
D. LCD requiring isolation between circuits.
LCD screens, characterized by their ability to display
16 characters per line across two lines, play a vital role in I. Internet of Things (Iot)
numerous electronic applications, with command and data The Internet of Things (IoT) constitute a network of
registers controlling display instructions and content. interconnected physical objects accessible through internet,
characterized by features such as interconnectivity,

IJISRT24MAR1611 www.ijisrt.com 2237

Volume 9, Issue 3, March – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAR1611

heterogeneous device integration, dynamic adaptability, C51 compiler available today. The C51 Compiler have the
and scalability. efficiency and speed of assembly language.

Enabling technologies for IoT encompass contextual Language extensions in the C51 Compiler give you
data acquisition, processing, security, and privacy full access to all resources of AT89S52. The C51 Compiler
enhancement mechanisms, driving the proliferation of IoT translates C source files into re locatable object modules
applications across diverse domains. which contain full symbolic information for debugging
with the µVision Debugger or an in-circuit emulator. In
J. Keil C51 C Compiler addition to the object file, the compiler generates a listing
The Keil C51 C Compiler for AT89S52 file which may optionally include symbol table and cross
microcontroller. It provides more features than any other reference information.

V. RESULT & DISCUSSION

Fig 2: View of Vips Device Output

Fig 3: SMS Alert with GPS Location

IJISRT24MAR1611 www.ijisrt.com 2238

Volume 9, Issue 3, March – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAR1611

 Link for Data Stored in IOT

http://www.iotclouddata.com/23log/151/home.php

Fig 4: Data stored in IOT

Fig 5: Graph view of Data logs

The system described relies on a combination of alerts with GPS location, MEMS (Micro-Electro-
sensors to enhance safety and assistance for users, Mechanical Systems) to detect stumbling events, IR sensors
particularly focusing on detecting objects in the user's path for object detection, and a speaker for voice alerts, ensures
and alerting caregivers and surrounding individuals in case comprehensive monitoring and notification capabilities.
of emergencies or assistance needs. The integration of
various sensors, such as an SOS switch for emergency

IJISRT24MAR1611 www.ijisrt.com 2239

Volume 9, Issue 3, March – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAR1611

By utilizing IoT technology, the collected data can be [3]. D. Wood, M. Lanthaler, and R. Cyganiak, ‘‘RDF 1.1
uploaded to the cloud, enabling remote access and concepts and abstract syntax,’’ document, W3C,
monitoring by caregivers and family members. This W3C Rec., Feb. 2014. Accessed: Aug. 1, 2019.
comprehensive approach not only enhances the safety and [Online].
well-being of the user but also provides peace of mind to [4]. S. Kaebisch, T. Kamiya, M. McCool, and V.
caregivers and surrounding individuals by facilitating Charpenay, Web of Things (WoT) Thing
timely assistance when needed. Description, W3C, W3C Candidate Rec., May 2019.
Accessed: Aug. 1, 2019. [Online]
Overall, the system represents an effective solution for [5]. R. R. A. Bourne et al., ‘‘Magnitude, temporal trends,
improving the support and care provided to individuals who and projections of the global prevalence of blindness
may require assistance due to mobility issues or other and distance and near vision impairment: A
challenges. systematic review and meta-analysis,’’ Lancet
Global Health, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. e888–e897, Sep.
VI. CONCLUSION & FUTURESCOPE 2017, doi:10.1016/S2214-109X (17)30293-0.
[6]. R. Efron, ‘‘What is perception?’’ in Proc. Boston
In conclusion, Our Assistive device for Visually Colloq. Philosophy Sci., R. S. Cohen and M. W.
Impaired persons (VIPs) stands out with comprehensive Wartofsky, Eds. Dordrecht, The Netherlands:
features aimed at enhancing mobility, safety, and Springer, 1969, pp. 137–173.
independence. Through rigorous testing and verification, [7]. D. L. Schacter, D. T. Gilbert, D. M. Wegner, and M.
we have demonstrated its functionality and effectiveness in K. Nock, Psychology, 3rd ed. New York, NY, USA:
navigating streets, detecting obstacles, seeking assistance Worth Publishers, 2014.
when needed. With features like sound and vibration alerts, [8]. E. Ahissar and E. Assa, ‘‘Perception as a closedloop
real-time tracking, and automatic alerts to caregivers, our convergence process,’’ eLife, vol. 5, p. e12830, May
system surpasses existing solutions. We firmly believe that 2016, doi: 10.7554/eLife.12830.
this innovative tool will significantly contribute to improve [9]. C. Teufel and B. Nanay, ‘‘How to (and how not to)
the quality of life for VIPs, providing confidence and think about topdown influences on visual
autonomy in navigating the world around them. perception,’’ Consciousness Cognition, vol. 47, pp.
17–25, Jan. 2017, doi:
In the future, we envision several avenues for 10.1016/j.concog.2016.05.008.
enhancing our wearable smart system for visually impaired [10]. Pissaloux and R. Velázquez, ‘‘On spatial cognition
individuals. This includes integrating advanced machine and mobility strategies,’’ in Mobility of Visually
learning algorithms to improve obstacle detection and path Impaired People: Fundamentals and ICT Assistive
prediction, incorporating haptic feedback technology for Technologies, E. Pissaloux and R. Velázquez, Eds.
more intuitive navigation cues, and exploring partnerships Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018.
with urban planners to interface for seamless interaction [11]. J. M. Loomis, R. L. Klatzky, and N. A.Giudice,
and expanding compatibility with other wearable devices ‘‘Sensory substitution of vision: Importance of
could further enhance user experience. perceptual and cognitive processing,’’ in Assistive
Technology for Blindness and Low Vision, R.
Furthermore, continuous user feedback and iterative Manduchi and S. Kurniawan, Eds. Boca Raton, FL,
testing will be crucial for refining and evolving the system USA: CRC Press,2012.
to meet the needs of visually impaired individuals [12]. D. Marr, Vision: A Computational Investigation into
effectively. Overall, the future scope of our project involves the Human Representation and Processing of Visual
continuous innovation and collaboration to create even Information. New York, NY, USA: W.H. Freeman
more sophisticated and user-friendly solutions enhancing and Company, 1982.
the mobility and independence of visually impaired [13]. K. Patil, Q. Jawadwala, and F. C. Shu, “Design and
persons. construction of electronic aid for visually impaired
people,” in IEEE Trans. HumanMach. Syst., vol. 48,
REFERENCES no. 2, pp. 172–182, Apr. 2018.
[14]. J. Bai, S. Lian, Z. Liu, K. Wang, and D. Liu,
[1]. S. Rodrigo-Mu noz, O. Trullols, J. M. Barcelo- “Virtual-blind-road following-based wearable
Ordinas, J. Garcia-Vidal, K. M. Hou, H. Shi, and X. navigation device for blind people,” IEEE Trans.
Diao, ‘‘Collective awareness platform for Consum. Electron., vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 136–143, Feb.
tropospheric ozone pollution,’’ Univ. Politècnica de 2018.
Catalunya and Univ. Clermont Auvergne, Clermont- [15]. S. T. H. Rizvi, M. J. Asif, and H. Ashfaq, “Visual
Ferrand, France, Tech. Rep., 2017. Accessed: Aug. 1, impairment aid using haptic and sound feedback,” in
2019. [Online]. Proc. Int. Conf. Commun., Comput. Digit. Syst. (C-
[2]. J. Connier, S. Xu, P. Vaslin, C. de Vaulx, H. Shi, K. CODE), Islamabad, Pakistan, 2017, pp. 175–178.
M. Hou, and J. Li, ‘‘The 2SEES smart stick: Concept [16]. F. Prattico, C. Cera, and F. Petroni, “A new hybrid
and experiments,’’ in Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Hum. infrared-ultrasonic electronic travel aids for blind
Syst. Interact. (HSI), 2018, pp. 226–232, doi: people,” Sens. Actuators A, Phys., vol. 201, pp.
10.1109/ HSI.2018.8431361. 363–370, Oct. 2013.

IJISRT24MAR1611 www.ijisrt.com 2240

Volume 9, Issue 3, March – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAR1611

[17]. C. Tsirmpas, A. Rompas, O. Fokou, and D. [29]. E. E. Pissaloux, R. Velázquez, and F. Maingreaud,
Koutsouris, “An indoor navigation system for “A new framework for cognitive mobility of
visually impaired and elderly people based on radio visually impaired users in using tactile device,” in
frequency identification (RFID),” Inf. Sci., vol. 320, IEEE Trans. Human-Mach. Syst., vol. 47, no. 6, pp.
pp. 288–305, Nov. 2015. 1040–1051, Dec. 2017.
[18]. S. Sharma, M. Gupta, A. Kumar, M. Tripathi, and [30]. Thinus-Blanc and F. Gaunet, ‘‘Representation of
M. S. Gaur, “Multiple distance sensors based smart space in blind persons: Vision as a spatial sense?’’
stick for visually impaired people,” in Proc. IEEE Psychol. Bull., vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 20–42, 1997.
7th Annu. Comput. Commun. Workshop Conf.
(CCWC), Las Vegas, NV, USA, Jan. 2017 pp. 1–5
[19]. V. S. S. Kaushalya, K. D. D. P. Premarathne, H. M.
Shadir, P. Krithika, and S. G. S. Fernando,
“‘AKSHI’: Automated help aid for visually
impaired people using obstacle detection and GPS
technology,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Publications, vol. 6, no.
11, pp. 579–583, Nov. 2016.
[20]. S. Bhatlawande, M. Mahadevappa, J. Mukherjee, M.
Biswas, D. Das, and S. Gupta, “Design,
development, and clinical evaluation of the
electronic mobility cane for vision rehabilitation,”
IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng., vol. 22, no.
6, pp. 1148–1159, Nov. 2014.
[21]. E. E. O’Brien, A. A. Mohtar, L. E. Diment, and K. J.
Reynolds, “A detachable electronic device for use
with a long white cane to assist with mobility,”
Assist Technol., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 219–226, May
2014.
[22]. D. Zhou, Y. Yang, and H. Yan, “A smart ‘virtual
eye’ mobile system for the visually impaired,” IEEE
Potentials, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 13–20, Nov./Dec.
2016.
[23]. J. Sohl-Dickstein et al., “A device for human
ultrasonic echolocation,” IEEE Trans. Biomed.
Eng., vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1526–1534, Jun. 2015.
[24]. M. S. Sadi, S. Mahmud, M. M. Kamal, and A. I.
Bayazid, “Automated walk-in assistant for the
blinds,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Elect. Eng. Inf. Commun.
Technol., Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2014, pp. 1–4.
[25]. S. Bharambe, R. Thakker, H. Patil, and K. M.
Bhurchandi, “Substitute eyes for blind with
navigator using Android,” in Proc. Texas Instrum.
India Educators, Conf., Bengaluru, India, 2013, pp.
38–43.
[26]. K. Qian, W. Zhao, Z. Ma, J. Ma, X. Ma, and H. Yu,
“Wearableassisted localization and inspection
guidance system using egocentric stereo cameras,”
IEEE Sensors J., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 809–821, Jan.
2018.
[27]. K. Yang, K. Wang, H. Chen, and J. Bai, “Reducing
the minimum range of a RGB-depth sensor to aid
navigation in visually impaired individuals,” Appl.
Opt., vol. 57, pp. 2809–2819, Jun. 2018
[28]. S. Lin, K. Wang, K. Yang, and R. Cheng, “KrNet: A
kinetic real-time convolutional neural network for
navigational assistance,” in Computers Helping
People with Special Needs (Lecture Notes in
Computer Science), vol. 10897, K. Miesenberger
and G. Kouroupetroglou, Eds. Cham, Switzerland:
Springer, 2018, pp. 55–62.

IJISRT24MAR1611 www.ijisrt.com 2241