End-of-Unit Test Unit 3

Name:
Date:
Mark: / 80 marks

Reading
1 Read the text about the effects of global warming.

Warmer Earth: BIGGER spiders

The Arctic is well-known for its ice and glaciers. The area also contains a variety of different ecosystems with complex food
webs. You might think it is extremely difficult for any animal to stay alive in temperatures of up to -50°C in the winter months,
but many do thanks to their special adaptations to deal with extreme conditions.

Greenhouse gases – gases that stop heat from escaping out of the Earth’s atmosphere – have played a large part in warming
the planet for the last few decades. Greenhouse gases are released through some human activities such as driving cars, but
they are also released through natural processes like decomposition. Because the Arctic is so cold for much of the year,
decomposition happens slowly there, and thus there is a large build-up of this decaying matter in the ground. In fact, across
much of the Arctic, the ground is permanently frozen as ‘permafrost’. This permafrost begins to thaw when temperatures
become warmer, which is happening now. This means that there is more decaying matter that can now be decomposed by
fungus and bacteria. Through this increased decomposition, even more greenhouse gases are released to the atmosphere,
which of course makes climate change happen even faster.

Like in most places, spiders are common predators in arctic ecosystems. Although spiders resemble insects in some ways, they
actually belong to a group of animals called ‘arachnids’. Amanda Koltz, an arctic ecologist at Washington University in St.
Louis, has been studying one common type of arctic spider, the wolf spider, and how it deals with a changing climate. Koltz’s
main goal is to understand how animals like wolf spiders respond to increasing temperatures in the Arctic and in turn, what
the consequences are for the food web and ecosystem.

The wolf spider is important in the region because it is one of the top predators in many areas, at least among the smaller
animals. Wolf spiders eat a lot of springtails, which are tiny animals that feed on the fungus responsible for decomposition.
Koltz and others have also found out that as the Arctic warms, wolf spiders are becoming bigger and reproducing more
because they have more time to eat during the summer! This suggests that there might be more wolf spiders in the Arctic as
the region becomes warmer and warmer. More spiders also might mean that they eat more springtails. Fewer springtails
could lead to more uneaten fungus and more decomposition, thereby increasing the release of greenhouse gases from arctic
soils. However, to her surprise, quite the opposite happens.

In warmer conditions, and when they found themselves in a crowd, the spiders actually ate less than usual. Koltz does not
know the reason for this yet but she thinks it could be that the combination of the crowding and warmer temperatures makes
spiders change their eating habits. In fact, it appears as though the spiders tend to eat each other and other spiders more
often when they are crowded. The result of this change in feeding habits is that when it is warm and when there are more
spiders, more springtail prey are left uneaten. The springtail prey are then left to eat a lot of the fungus, which leads to less
decomposition happening. Having more spiders could actually mean that fewer greenhouse gases are released to the
atmosphere!

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 1
2 Now complete the Exam Task.
Exam TASK
For each question, choose the correct answer. C wolf spiders do not get larger when they eat more.
D there are more springtails when there are more wolf
1 The writer says that many animals
spiders.
A leave the Arctic in winter.
B cannot live in the Arctic’s cold temperatures. 5 What would be a good conclusion to this article?
C have ways to survive low temperatures. A Koltz has shown that we need to study tiny
animals like spiders and springtails because they can
D eat different foods during the winter. have an important effect on our planet.
2 According to the writer, decomposition B One way we can help to slow down climate
change is to control the number of spiders in the
A is getting faster in the Arctic.
Arctic and help the springtails do their job.
B kills fungus and bacteria.
C Kolz’s research shows that climate change isn’t all
C controls climate changes. D is a human
bad news. It may actually be helping some
activity.
animals to survive better than ever before.
3 Why is Amanda Koltz studying wolf spiders? D The message for the world is clear: if climate
A in order to find out what they eat in winter change continues, there will be more spiders
B because they are easy to find in the Arctic than any other kind of animal.
C to discover how global warming is changing them
D because warmer temperatures mean they can now
live in the Arctic
4 Amanda Koltz discovered that A wolf spiders
have started to eat fungus.
B more wolf spiders mean faster global warming.

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 ( / 5 marks)
3

Vocabulary
1 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1 The village is in a valley / cliff next to a river.
2 They couldn’t swim in the ocean / coast because it was too cold.
3 If we cut down the glaciers / rainforests, many animals will lose their homes.
4 It was very dark inside the stream / cave, so we didn’t go in.
5 It’s difficult to prevent / break people hunting the animals in the forest.
6 I’m setting / reaching up a club for students who care about the environment.
7 I hope all the animals will survive / destroy the fires in California.
8 They’ve planted / landed a lot of trees on the old farm.
( / 8 marks)

2 Complete the sentences with these words. action clean energy fossil power run solar transport

1 Coal and oil are examples of fuels.

2 We need to take action now to save the planet!
3 People should go to work by public transport and leave their cars at home.
4 Renewable engery will help reduce pollution.
5 We need to clean up the oceans by removing all the plastic in them.
6 If we don’t do something to save the environment soon, we’ll run out of time!
7 Solar power uses sunlight to create energy.
8 Power stations cause a lot of pollution.
( / 8 marks)

3 Complete the sentences with these words.

at before from in into onto over to

thirty years ago.

1 He became a scientist over
the
2 He moved my bags onto
table. the
3 We do our exams at
end of the
4 Mushrooms appeared in
school
5 We should switch off the lights before
year.
6 We were going from classroom to
the garden
7 They’re going to turn the park into
o
8 Ariane can sing anything from
ve
rn
ig
ht
.
w
e
le
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 av o
e o
th m
e all
ro d
o ay
m .
. a conservation area.
cl opera to pop.
as (
sr / 8 marks)

Grammar
1 Complete the sentence with the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous form of the verbs.
1 I have been working (work) on my science project all day.
2 They have d iscovered (discover) the cause of the problem.
3 How long has she been reading (she / read) that book?
4 ‘Where is David?’ ‘He h as gone (go) to the shop, but he’ll be back soon.’
5 The city h as changed (change) a lot since you lived here.
6 Sara h as lost (lose) her keys twice this week.
7 Chris has worked (work) in many countries.
8 How long have you b een going (you / go) to this school?

( / 8 marks)

2 There is one mistake in each sentence. Find and correct the mistake.
1 They have been travelling around frica since two years. =>They have been travelling around Africa for two years
2 Lucia isn’t here. She’s been to Barcelona with her parents. => Lucia isn’t here. She’s gone to Barcelona with her parents
3 He has been living here when he was twelve. => He has been living here since when he was twelve
4 She wasn’t seen him since Friday. => She hasn’t seen him since Friday
5 You have just missing the bus! => You have just missed the bus!
6 The weather has been get windier recently. => The weather has been getting windier recently
7 My eyes hurt because I has been playing computer games. => My eyes hurt because I have been playing computer games.
8 Scientists have just find a new way to clean up our oceans. => Scientists have just found a new way to clean up our oceans.
/ 8 marks)

3 Complete the sentences with a, an, the or –.

1 She wears a uniform
to school. 2 I don’t study _
French.
3 The chocolate is in the cupboard.
4 The Alps are in central Europe.
5 This is the deepest point in the ocean.
6 I visit my grandmother once a month.
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 _ Mount Everest is in Nepal.
7 I love taking -- photographs of _ waterfalls.
( / 9 marks)

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Listening
1 3.1 Listen and complete the Exam Task.
Exam TASK
one or two words or a number or a date or a time.
For each question, write the correct answer in the gap. Write
You will hear a presenter talking about Norway and climate change.

CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORWAY

Norway uses the power of(1) to make electricity.

Some of Norway’s electricity comes from(2) farms.

Norway tried to get 50,000 electric cars onto its roads by the year(3) .

In Norway, electric cars are (4) than they are in other parts of the world.

Norway sells (5) to the rest of Europe.

People from Norway feel close to(6) , and so, they try to protect it.

( / 6 marks)

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Writing
Complete the Exam Task.
ExamTASK
Write an email (100–130 words) to a friend about some voluntary work you did to clean up a local beach.
You should:
• say what the problemsand
were
• describe what you and your team did.

You should plan your email before you start writing. Think about what you are going to write and make some notes to
help you in this box:

Planning notes cc

(No marks are given for these planning

) notes.

Now write your email in 100–130 words on the lines below.

( / 20 marks)

Fom: Quynh
To: Linh
Let me tell you about my interesting experience last year. I took part in a beach
clean-up
After the holidays of April 30 and May 1, tourists went to Ke Go Lake and
Thien Cam Beach visit and have fun, but when they left, they left behind too
much trash. At first to when I came to these places to visit, I collected the trash
myself, but found it impossible so I took photos and posted them on Facebook,
calling on many other people to join.
I find the work very meaningful. In addition to cleaning the environment, it also
helps others raise awareness of not littering when picnicking.

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7 Permission granted to photocopy for classroom use. End-of-Unit Test Unit 3