BS 9101:2017

BSI Standards Publication

Steel and aluminium

rainwater systems –
Specification
BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

Publishing and copyright information

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document
was last issued.
© The British Standards Institution 2017
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017
ISBN 978 0 580 80460 1
ICS 23.040.01; 91.060.20; 91.140.80
The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:
Committee reference B/542/6
Draft for comment 16/30270371 DC

Publication history
First published January 2017

Amendments issued since publication

Date Text affected
BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

Contents
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 2
4 Gutters 4
Annexes
Annex A (normative) Gutter stress test: Finite element analysis 13
Annex B (normative) Gutter stress test: Physical testing 30
Bibliography 39
List of figures
Figure A.1 – Physical dimensions of test sample 14
Figure A.2 – Cross-sectional physical dimensions of test sample 14
Figure A.3 – Test set-up for water load test on Benchmark Test 1 15
Figure A.4 – Test set-up for snow load test on Benchmark Test 1 16
Figure A.5 – Test set-up for wind load test on Benchmark Test 1 16
Figure A.6 – Physical dimensions of test sample 17
Figure A.7 – Cross-sectional physical dimensions of test sample 18
Figure A.8 – Test set-up for water load test on Benchmark Test 2 19
Figure A.9 – Test set-up for snow load test on Benchmark Test 2 20
Figure A.10 – Test set-up for wind load test on Benchmark Test 2 21
Figure A.11 – Examples of connections between brackets and gutters 22
Figure A.12 – Connection/Joint type as configured in FEA 24
Figure B.1 – Test equipment for simulated water load test 32
Figure B.2 – Test equipment for pedestrian load test 33
Figure B.3 – Test equipment for simulated water load test 35
Figure B.4 – Test equipment for wind uplift test 36
Figure B.5 – Test equipment for snow load test 38
List of tables
Table 1 – Gutter material and protective/decorative coatings 5
Table 2 – Example gutter types 6
Table 3 – Joints: Connection, sealants, fixings and expansion 7
Table 4 – Gutter support: Connectivity to the frame, brackets, fascia fix 9
Table 5 – Rainwater outlets: Siphonic, patch and downpipes 11
Table 6 – Warning indicators 12
Table A.1 – Physical parameters for benchmark tests 13
Table A.2 – Deflection results for benchmark tests 15
Table A.3 – Deflection results for benchmark tests 19
Table A.4 – Loads and deflection limits for gutter stress tests 26
Table B.1 – Loads and deflection limits for gutter stress tests 31

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,
pages 1 to 40, an inside back cover and a back cover.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • i

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

Foreword
Publishing information
This British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence from
The British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 January 2017. It
was prepared by Subcommittee B/542/6, Corrugated sheeting materials, under
the authority of Technical Committee B/542, Roofing and cladding products for
discontinuous laying. A list of organizations represented on these committees
can be obtained on request to their secretary.

Relationship with other publications

Harmonization of European Standards resulted in the withdrawal of the British
Standards for aluminium rainwater goods, BS 2997:1958, and steel rainwater
goods, BS 1091:1963, leaving the UK with no standards for its generic types of
steel and aluminium gutter and rainwater pipe systems.
This British Standard covers UK metal gutter and rainwater pipe systems
excluded from the scopes of BS EN 612 and BS 8530.

Use of this document

Two methods of testing gutter strength are permitted by this British Standard:
finite element analysis (Annex A) and physical testing (Annex B), to avoid
limiting user’s testing options. These are equivalent methods of testing.

Presentational conventions
The provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its
requirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is
“shall”.
Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in
smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal
obligations.

ii • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

1 Scope
This British Standard specifies requirements for the design and manufacture of
metal gutters and pipes intended to drain rainwater from buildings. It specifies
the materials, tolerances, mechanical properties and surface conditions, coatings,
laminated surfaces, jointing methods and fixings for rainwater systems, including
fittings and accessories for assembly or support.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only
the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Standards publications
BS 1474, Specification for wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general
engineering purposes: bars, extruded round tubes and sections 1)
BS 8530, Traditional-style half round, beaded half round, Victorian ogee and
moulded ogee aluminium rainwater systems – Specification
BS EN 485-2:2016, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Sheet, strip and plate –
Part 2: Mechanical properties
BS EN 681-1, Elastomeric seals – Material requirements for pipe joint seals used
in water and drainage applications – Part 1: Vulcanized rubber
BS EN 755-2, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and
profiles – Part 2: Mechanical properties
BS EN 755-3, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and
profiles – Part 3: Round bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
BS EN 755-4, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and
profiles – Part 4: Square bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
BS EN 755-5, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and
profiles – Part 5: Rectangular bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
BS EN 755-7, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and
profiles – Part 7: Seamless tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form
BS EN 755-9, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and
profiles – Part 9: Profiles, tolerances on dimensions and form
BS EN 10025 (all parts), Hot rolled products of structual steels
BS EN 10088-1, Stainless steels – Part 1: List of stainless steels
BS EN 10111, Continuously hot rolled low carbon steel sheet and strip for cold
forming – Technical delivery conditions
BS EN 10152:2009, Electrolytically zinc coated cold rolled steel flat products for
cold forming – Technical delivery and conditions
BS EN 10346, Continuously hot-dip coated steel flat products for cold forming –
Technical delivery conditions
BS EN 12056 (all parts), Gravity drainage systems inside buildings
BS EN 12056-3, Gravity drainage systems inside buildings ‒ Part 3: Roof drainage,
layout and calculation 2)

1)
Withdrawn.
2)
This standard gives informative references to BS EN 10256-3:2000.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 1

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

BS EN 13523 (all parts), Coil coated metals – Test methods

BS EN ISO 544, Welding consumables – Technical delivery conditions for filler
materials and fluxes – Type of product, dimensions, tolerances and markings
BS EN ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel
articles – Specifications and test methods
BS EN ISO 11600:2003+A1:2011, Building construction – Jointing products –
Classification and requirements for sealants
Other publications
[N1]NATIONAL FEDERATION OF ROOFING CONTRACTORS LIMITED (NFRC).
Technical Bulletin 36: Performance Standards for Butyl Strip Sealants in
Metal Clad Buildings. London: NFRC, June 2003.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this British Standard, the following terms and definitions
apply.

3.1 accessories
rivets, bolts, nuts, washers and screws for fixing gutters and pipes to a building

3.2 angle
corner component which changes the direction of the gutter

3.3 boundary (or parapet) wall gutter

gutter positioned against the vertical internal face of a perimeter parapet wall

3.4 cast aluminium

type of aluminium made by pouring molten aluminium into a mould form

3.5 extruded aluminium

linear shaped aluminium profile formed by forcing a preheated softened
aluminium mass under extreme pressure through a die, the opening of which
corresponds to the required cross-sectional profile

3.6 fitting <gutter>

angle, outlet, stop end or double socket/spigot joint union for use with gutters

3.7 fitting <pipe>

shoe, offset (double bend), bend, branch, loose socket, pipe clip or hopper head
for use with pipes

3.8 fittings and accessories for assembly or support

gutter joint unions, corner pieces, rainwater outlets, end caps and support
brackets to create a complete gutter installation

3.9 Gutters

3.9.1 gutter
open channel which collects and evacuates rainwater from a roof area

3.9.2 eaves gutter

gutter fitted to the edge of a roof to the external face of a building

3.9.3 inboard gutter

gutter that is internal to the building fabric
NOTE These include valley, boundary wall, inplane roof and enclosed eaves gutters.

2 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

3.9.4 outboard gutter

gutter that is external to the building fabric
NOTE These gutters are exterior of the building envelope and supported on one
side.

3.9.5 valley gutter

gutter positioned at the base of two sloping roofs

3.10 Gutter brackets

3.10.1 fascia bracket

gutter bracket suitable for fixing to a surface which runs parallel to the building

3.10.2 gutter bracket

item for retaining/supporting a gutter to a building

3.10.3 purlin valley bracket

gutter bracket hooked over two parallel roof support members forming a cradle
to carry a valley gutter

3.10.4 rise and fall bracket

gutter bracket assembly for fixing into masonry below the gutter, which
provides height adjustment via a vertical bar connected to the gutter support
cradle

3.10.5 side/top rafter bracket

gutter bracket suitable for fixing to the side or top of a roof rafter

3.11 gutter sole

horizontal base section of gutter
NOTE Also taken to refer to the width across the horizontal base section measured
perpendicular to the gutter run.

3.12 Joints

3.12.1 joint
connection between the ends of gutters, fittings or pipes

3.12.2 joggle joint

gutter jointing method whereby a jointing sleeve with holes along one edge to
facilitate mechanical fixing is factory welded or fabricated to the end of a gutter
section, allowing a bolted joint to be made to another gutter section

3.12.3 socket joint

end of an external profile of gutter or pipe enlarged to allow another section of
pipe or gutter to be placed inside the enlarged area forming a joint between
sections

3.12.4 spigot joint

end of an external profile of gutter or pipe proportionately reduced in size to
allow the reduced end to be placed into a gutter or pipe to form a joint

3.13 nominal size DN

alphanumerical designation of size for components of a pipework system, which
is used for reference purposes
NOTE The nominal size comprises the letters DN followed by a dimensionless whole
number which is indirectly related to the physical size, in millimetres, of the bore or
outside diameter of the end connections.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 3

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

3.14 patch outlet/roof outlet

preformed flanged rainwater outlet which is mechanically fixed and sealed to
the inside or outside of a flat or non-flat base gutter to drain rainwater from
the gutter

3.15 pipe
tube of uniform bore, straight in axis, having either a spigot or socket connector
facility, or plain ended for connection with a separate connector

3.16 PPC
electrostatically applied polyester powder coating painting method

3.17 press-formed sheet steel/aluminium gutter system

gutter made from flat sheet metal/aluminium machine formed to a given
longitudinal shape

3.18 protective coating

coating or system applied to a corrosive metal substrate to prevent or reduce
corrosion

EXAMPLE
Galvanizing to BS EN ISO 1461 or electroplated zinc coating to
BS EN ISO 2081

3.19 rainwater system

above ground system for the conveyance of rainwater from a building

3.20 sheet steel or aluminium

flat piece of steel or aluminium manufactured from molten steel or aluminium,
formed when metal is passed through pinch rollers to reduce the material to
required thickness

3.21 weir overflow

opening or outlet pipe positioned below the overflow level of the gutter to act
as a gutter outlet blockage warning indicator

4 Gutters
COMMENTARY ON CLAUSE 4
Many press-formed sheet steel gutter systems are manufactured to bespoke
dimensions and profiles. It is therefore not possible to tabulate the required material
thickness for all developed widths of gutters as the structural integrity is affected by
various factors, such as profile, support method, bonded insulation materials. Also,
valley and boundary wall gutters need to allow, where appropriate, for the
additional load of pedestrian traffic for roof maintenance purposes.
Therefore, unless the required gutter design conforms to performance criteria when
tested in accordance with Annex A (FEA) or Annex B (physical testing), the design
needs to be supported by calculations as set out in Annex A or by independently
certified test results to prove fitness for purpose.

4.1 The gutter dimensions and profiles necessary to achieve the required
hydraulic performance shall be designed in accordance with BS EN 12056-3.

4.2 When a gutter system comprising the combination(s) of components in

Table 1 to Table 6 appropriate for the anticipated application (e.g. type of
building, such as industrial) and service design life (see BS 7543) is:

4 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

a) subjected to the maximum applied service loads in accordance with Annex A

(FEA test method):
1) the reported stress shall be less than the yield strength of the material
(see Table A.4);
2) for inboard gutters, the reported deflection shall not exceed gutter sole
width divided by 50 (L/50) (see Table A.4); and
3) for outboard gutters, the reported deflection shall not exceed gutter
sole width divided by 20 (L/20) (see Table A.4); or
b) subjected to the maximum applied safety loads + 1.5 (factor of safety) in
accordance with Annex B (physical test method), the reported stress shall be
less than the maximum tensile strength of the material (see Table B.1).

4.3 The gutters to be tested to the requirements of 4.2 shall be selected based
on the following parameters.
a) For each gutter shape range, the largest gutter in the range shall be tested.
If thinner material is used for smaller gutters in a range, then in addition to
the largest gutter in the range, the largest gutter for any material thickness
shall be tested.
b) Any bespoke gutters falling outside the normal manufacturer’s range shall
be tested.

4.4 Where FEA methods are to be used, the two standard benchmark test cases
in A.1 shall first be run using the FEA set-up and the results confirmed to be
within ±5% of benchmark figures. The same procedures and set-up shall then be
used for testing all the products to be tested by FEA.

Table 1 Gutter material and protective/decorative coatings

Material Weather protection coating Decorative

coating

Mild steel sheet, coil or strip conforming to Black bitumen PPC

BS EN ISO 1461, BS EN 10025 or BS EN 10111 for PVC/TPO/PPC coating Wet paint
galvanizing after manufacture
Pre-galvanized sheet, coil or strip conforming to Black bitumen or PVC/TPO/ pre- or PPC
BS EN 10346 post-laminated membrane Wet paint
Self-finish
Stainless steel sheet, coil or strip conforming to Self-finish None
BS EN 10088-1
Plastisol-coated steel conforming to BS EN 13523 Double-sided self-finish or Self-finish
bitumen
Electro-zinc coated steel sheet conforming to Black bitumen or PPC
BS EN 10152:2009, DC01+ZE 25/25 PVC/TPO/PPC coating wet paint
Aluminium sheet of alloy 1050A H14, Self-finish PPC
BS EN 485-2:2016 Wet finish
Extruded aluminium to BS EN 755-2, BS EN 755-3, Self-finish PPC
BS EN 755-4, BS EN 755-5, BS EN 755-7, Wet finish
BS EN ISO 544, BS 1474 3) anodized
Cast aluminium to BS 8530 Self-finish PPC
Wet finish

3)
Withdrawn.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 5

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

Table 2 Example gutter types

Type Drawing

Outboard gutters
Concealed fixed eaves gutter

Direct fixed eaves gutter

Eaves gutter with fascia bracket

Trimline eaves gutter (top hung)

Inboard gutters
Boundary wall/parapet gutter

Valley gutter

Enclosed eaves gutter

6 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

Table 3 Joints: Connection, sealants, fixings and expansion (1 of 2)

Connection type Fixing type Sealant

Loose butt strap joint: Captive nuts/rivets/studs Gun-applied, high-

Stainless self-drilling screws performance, low modulus
silicone conforming to
compatible with the gutter
BS EN ISO 11600:2003+A1:2011;
material substrate
Butyl strip sealant of Class A
Joggle joint: Captive nuts/rivets/studs classification as published in
Stainless self-drilling screws the NFRC Technical Bulletin
compatible with the gutter 36 (June 2003) [N1]; or
material substrate Compressed EPDM rubber
seal strips conforming to
Welded butt strap joint: Captive nuts/rivets/studs BS EN 681-1
Stainless self-drilling screws
compatible with the gutter
material substrate

Socket (gutter): Nuts and bolts/rivets

compatible with the gutter
material substrate

Socket (pipe): No joint fixing required

Spigot (gutter): Nuts and bolts/rivets

compatible with the gutter
material substrate

Spigot (pipe): No joint fixing required

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 7

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

Table 3 Joints: Connection, sealants, fixings and expansion (2 of 2)

Connection type Fixing type Sealant

Membrane joint: PVC/TPO membrane,

incorporating mechanical
fixing and aluminium foil
tape

Compression or snap fit gutter joint: No mechanical fixing

Expansion joint: Proprietary fixed per

manufacturer’s instructions

Key
1 Flexible material bonded to
gutter, both sides of joint
2 Gap in solid gutter to allow
movement
NOTE 1 Consideration to be given to bimetallic corrosion from dissimilar materials. Guidance on corrosion at
bimetallic contacts is given in PD 6484.

NOTE 2 For internal gutters, insulation can be used. Note that the gutter does not have a U value; it has a ᴪ value
to provide a thermal transmittance to permit ice in the gutter to melt before that on the remainder of the roof
area.

8 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

Table 4 Gutter support: Connectivity to the frame, brackets, fascia fix (1 of 2)

Support type Illustration

Fascia bracket

Internal cross-brace

Direct-fix 1: Eaves

Direct-fix 2: Purlin

Side/top rafter bracket

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 9

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

Table 4 Gutter support: Connectivity to the frame, brackets, fascia fix (2 of 2)

Support type Illustration

Rise and fall bracket

Web bracket
Cradle bracket

Top hung form roof sheet (trimline gutter)

Extension pipe brackets, pipe clips, concealed pipe clips

Clips

Concealed fixings

10 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

Table 5 Rainwater outlets: Siphonic, patch and downpipes

Outlet typeA) Drawing

Siphonic outlet to BS EN 12056

NOTE Drawing is of a generic form of siphonic outlet.

Vertical gravity outlet to BS EN 12056

Horizontal gravity outlet to BS EN 12056 B)

Sump in gutter to improve outlet

performance

A)
Gutter outlets shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions to maintain the structural
integrity of the system.
B)
Not recommended where avoidable in BS EN 12056 due to lower capacity. Should only be used where building
structure prevents the use of vertical outlets.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 11

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

Table 6 Warning indicators

Indicator Illustration Notes

Weir overflow BS EN 12056

Periscope overflow/Witch’s
hat

12 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

Annex A Gutter stress test: Finite element analysis

(normative)
A.1 Benchmark testing
A.1.1 Principle
Benchmark testing is conducted to allow the FEA user to check their set-up
against known values, and thus ensure all settings are correct in the FEA
software being used for A.3 to A.7.

A.1.2 Test method

A.1.2.1 The procedures set in A.3 to A.7 shall be followed in the sequence set
out in A.2, to evaluate the test cases in A.1.3 to A.1.5.
A.1.2.2 For the benchmark tests the physical parameters set out in Table A.1
shall be used.
NOTE Table A.1 indicates the physical parameters used in the benchmark tests.
A.1.2.3 Results from the FEA output on the benchmark tests shall be within ±5%
of the benchmark values given in Table A.2 (in A.1.3.2.2) and Table A.3 (in
A.1.4.2.2) before testing of other gutters can be undertaken.
Table A.1 Physical parameters for benchmark tests

Component Material Grade

Box gutter Aluminium 1050 A

Ply board Wood n/a
Bracket 1 Aluminium 6063 T6
Bracket 2 Aluminium 6063 T6
Bracket 3 Aluminium 6063 T6
Self-tapping screw 1 Stainless steel A2
Self-tapping screw 2 Stainless steel A2
Self-tapping screw 3 Stainless steel A2
Welds Aluminium 6063

A.1.3 Benchmark Test 1: (150 × 100) mm box gutter

A.1.3.1 Principle
This test is based on a common type of folded metal box gutter with internal
brackets welded to the front face, and back fixings through the bracket into a
solid facia.

A.1.3.2 Benchmark test data

A.1.3.2.1 Physical dimensions

The gutter sample shall have a length of 925 mm, with 3 × 25 mm wide brackets
as shown in Figure A.1. The gutter shall have cross-sectional dimensions as
shown in Figure A.2.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 13

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

Figure A.1 Physical dimensions of test sample

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure A.2 Cross-sectional physical dimensions of test sample

Dimensions in millimetres

8 mm hole in bracket; 10 mm hole in gutter

A.1.3.2.2 Benchmark water load test

The test shall be carried out in accordance with the method in A.5, using the
test regime and loadings in Figure A.3 to generate benchmark values. The
calculated values shall be compared to and be within ±5% of the target values
in Table A.2.

14 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

Figure A.3 Test set-up for water load test on Benchmark Test 1

Welded joint (bonded)

Calculations:
Max. water depth for gutter length
(150 × 100 × 925) mm of water = 13 kg/m2
Service:
13 kg × 0.009 8 kN = 0.127 kN
Safety:
0.127 × 1.5 = 0.190 kN

Key
1 No connection between gutter and bracket 3 Fixing point
2 Gutter and bracket connected by weld 4 Fixed

Table A.2 Deflection results for benchmark tests

Case Reported deflection

mm

Water load service 0.5

Water load safety 0.75
Snow load service 2.8
Snow load safety 4.2
Wind load service 1.8
Wind load safety 2.7

A.1.3.2.3 Benchmark snow load test

The test shall be carried out in accordance with the method in A.7, using the
test regime and loadings in Figure A.4 to generate benchmark values. The
calculated values shall be compared to and be within ±5% of the target values
in Table A.2.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 15

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

Figure A.4 Test set-up for snow load test on Benchmark Test 1

Welded joint (bonded)

Calculations:
Gutter length = 0.925 m
Service = 0.700 kN per L/m
0.700 kN × 0.925 m = 0.647 kN applied at 30°
Safety = 1.05 kN per L/m
1.05 kN × 0.925 m = 0.971 kN applied at 30°

Key
1 No connection between gutter and bracket 3 Fixing point
2 Gutter and bracket connected by weld 4 Fixed

A.1.3.2.4 Benchmark wind load test

The test shall be carried out in accordance with the method in A.6, using the
test regime and loadings in Figure A.5 to generate benchmark values. The
calculated values shall be compared to and be within ±5% of the target values
in Table A.2.

Figure A.5 Test set-up for wind load test on Benchmark Test 1

Welded joint (bonded)

Calculations:
Gutter length = 0.925 m
Service = 1.74 kN per L/m
150 mm × 1.74 kN = 0.261 kN per L/m
0.261 kN × 0.925 m = 0.241 kN applied
Safety = 2.61 kN per/Lm
150 mm × 2.61 kN = 0.391 kN per L/m
0.391 kN × 0.925 m = 0.361 kN applied

Key
1 No connection between gutter and bracket 3 Fixing point
2 Gutter and bracket connected by weld 4 Fixed

16 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

A.1.4 Benchmark Test 2: 150 mm moulded gutter

A.1.4.1 Principle
This test is based on a common type of extruded metal gutter with no internal
brackets and back fixings through the rear face into a solid fascia.

A.1.4.2 Benchmark test data

A.1.4.2.1 Physical dimensions

The gutter sample shall have a length of 925 mm, with 3 × fixings as shown in
Figure A.6. The gutter shall have cross-sectional dimensions as shown in
Figure A.7.

Figure A.6 Physical dimensions of test sample

Dimensions in millimetres

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 17

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

Figure A.7 Cross-sectional physical dimensions of test sample

Dimensions in millimetres

5.5 mm hole in gutter

A.1.4.2.2 Benchmark water load test

The test shall be carried out in accordance with the method in A.5 using the test
regime and loadings in Figure A.8 to generate benchmark values. The calculated
values shall be compared to and be within ±5% of the target values in
Table A.3.

18 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

Figure A.8 Test set-up for water load test on Benchmark Test 2

No connection

Calculations:
Max. water depth for gutter length
(150 × 100 × 925) mm of water
= 10.4 kg/m2
Service:
10.4 kg × 0.009 8 kN = 0.102 kN
Safety:
0.102 kN × 1.5 = 0.153 kN

Key
1 No connection between fascia and bracket 4 Fixed
2 Fixing point 5 150 mm overall width (extrusion below
3 No brackets 160 mm)

Table A.3 Deflection results for benchmark tests

Case Reported deflection

mm

Water load service 0.7

Water load safety 1.1
Snow load service 7.4
Snow load safety 11.1
Wind load service 2.9
Wind load safety 4.3

A.1.4.2.3 Benchmark snow load test

The test shall be carried out in accordance with the method in A.7, using the
test regime and loadings in Figure A.9 to generate benchmark values. The
calculated values shall be compared to and be within ±5% of the target values
in Table A.3.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 19

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

Figure A.9 Test set-up for snow load test on Benchmark Test 2

No connection

Calculations:
Gutter length = 0.925 m
Service = 0.700 kN per L/m
0.7 kN × 0.925 m = 0.647 kN applied
at 30°
Safety = 1.05 kN per/Lm
1.05 kN × 0.925 m = 0.971 kN applied
at 30°

Key
1 No connection between fascia and bracket 4 Fixed
2 Fixing point 5 150 mm overall width (extrusion below
3 No brackets 160 mm)

A.1.4.2.4 Benchmark wind load test

The test shall be carried out in accordance with the method in A.6, using the
test regime and loadings in Figure A.10 to generate benchmark values. The
calculated values shall be compared to and be within ±5% of the target values
in Table A.3.

A.1.5 Additional requirements to aid set-up of benchmark gutter

analysis
COMMENTARY ON A.1.5
The following notes are designed to help the user set up FEA software to undertake
benchmark gutter analysis
A.1.5.1 To set up an accurate FEA test, the gutter, brackets, backgrounds and
fixings shall resemble any mechanical connections, such as rivets or screws, and
true material properties, i.e. using the manufacturer’s specified grade and
temper of aluminium.
A.1.5.2 All holes in brackets, gutters and backgrounds shall be the same
diameter specified and at the specified centres.
A.1.5.3 When creating the assembly for FEA, constrain all parts as they would be
fixed in a real situation, or in accordance with the manufacturer’s fitting
instructions/specifications.
A.1.5.4 Place a form of background into the assembly to replicate a fascia board
or wall, add the gutter, bracket and fixings, then place a constraint between the
fixing holes in the gutter and the holes in each bracket.
A.1.5.5 The fixings through the gutter into the fascia/background shall be the
main holding point in the structure, so all constraints can be set from these.

20 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

Figure A.10 Test set-up for wind load test on Benchmark Test 2

No connection

Calculations:
Gutter length = 0.925 m
Service = 1.74 kN per L/m
150 mm × 1.74 kN = 0.261 kN per L/m
0.261 kN × 0.925 m = 0.241 kN applied
Safety = 2.61 kN per/Lm
150 mm × 2.61 kN = 0.391 kN per L/m
0.391 kN × 0.925 m = 0.361 kN applied

Key
1 No connection between fascia and bracket 4 Fixed
2 Fixing point 5 150 mm overall width (extrusion below
3 No brackets 160 mm)

A.1.5.6 Constrain the fixings to the hole centres into the fascia/background, the
fixing point, and offset the distance between the screw face and the
background by adding the gutter thickness (2 mm) and the bracket
thickness (5 mm): total offset 7 mm.
A.1.5.7 Constrain the face of each bracket to the mating fixing/screw face and
then constrain the back of the gutter to the fascia/background face.
NOTE This becomes a separation constraint in the FEA test.
A.1.5.8 Send the assembly for stress analysis.
A.1.5.9 Assign materials: check the list to ensure the model has analysed the
correct material grades for every part (see Table A.1).
A.1.5.10 Assign a fixed constraint to the back of the fascia/background.
A.1.5.11 Examine all contact constraints to establish that all of the connections
in the assembly have been associated. Depending on the type of connections
between backgrounds, gutter, fixings and support brackets, change the type of
contact, i.e. if a bracket is welded this is a bonded type or if it is fixed by
“hooking” or by a slot in the gutter then there is no immediate contact here
and this would be a type of separation contact.
NOTE Examples of connections between brackets and gutters are given in
Figure A.11 and Figure 12.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 21

 (1 of 2)

22
Figure A.11 Examples of connections between brackets and gutters

•
BS 9101:2017

© The British Standards Institution 2017

a) No connection b) Structural connection
Key Key
1 No connection between fascia and gutter 1 No connection between fascia and gutter
2 No connection between gutter and bracket 2 Gutter and bracket mechanically connected by rivet
3 Fixing point 3 Fixing point
4 Fixed 4 Fixed
BRITISH STANDARD
 Figure A.11 Examples of connections between brackets and gutters (2 of 2)
BRITISH STANDARD

c) No connection d) Bonded connection

Key Key
1 No connection between gutter and bracket 1 No connection between gutter and bracket
2 No connection between gutter and bracket 2 Gutter and bracket connected by weld
3 Fixing point 3 Fixing point
4 Fixed 4 Fixed

© The British Standards Institution 2017

•
BS 9101:2017

23
BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

Figure A.12 Connection/Joint type as configured in FEA

Key
1 Welded joint 6 Hook/slot loosely fixed
2 Fixed point 7 Mechanical joint
3 Separation joint 8 Bonded joint
4 Rivet/fixing 9 Separation joint
5 Adhesive

A.2 Test sequences

A.2.1 Inboard gutter
The sequence of tests for each sample internal gutter (see Table A.4) shall be as
follows:
• water load (see A.3): service load + safety load + deflection; and
• pedestrian load (see A.4): service load + safety load + deflection.
NOTE Snow loads for internal gutters are less than maximum water load and
therefore do not require further testing.

24 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

A.2.2 Outboard gutter

The sequence of tests for each sample outboard gutter (see Table A.4) shall be
as follows:
• water load (see A.5): service load + safety load + deflection;
• snow load (see A.7): service load + safety load + deflection; and
NOTE Snow load assumed to be 4 kN/m3 obtained from
BS EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015, Annex E, over 100 mm thickness with a factor
of 1.75 to allow for dynamic loading, in accordance with ISO 4355:2013, Annex E
• wind load (uplift) (see A.6): service load + safety load.

A.3 Deflection under water load (inboard gutter supported on

both sides)
A.3.1 Principle
This test simulates the effect of an internal gutter (valley or parapet), which is
supported on both sides from secondary building steelwork, being full of water
to its design depth
This test is an alternative to the use of physical testing described in Annex B.

A.3.2 Test method

A.3.2.1 Produce a CAD model of the gutter which includes an accurate
representation of all components, including accurate bend and fold radii, and
modify it to generate a 3D solid of length 3 m.
A.3.2.2 Export the model to a finite element stress analysis tool.
A.3.2.3 Ensure that all physical properties of all materials used in the model
match the prototype product.
A.3.2.4 Select the gutter parts which on the prototype would be attached to the
support structure of the building, and assign these as fixed surfaces.
A.3.2.5 Apply a vertical UDL (uniformly distributed load) to the inside face of the
gutter, replicating the water service load, in accordance with Table A.4.
A.3.2.6 Run the finite element simulation on the gutter model.
A.3.2.7 Check that the maximum deflection and maximum recorded stress levels
in the simulation do not exceed those stated for the service load case in
Table A.4.
A.3.2.8 Apply a vertical UDL to the inside face of the gutter, replicating the
water safety load, in accordance with Table A.4.
A.3.2.9 Run the finite element simulation on the gutter model.
A.3.2.10 Check that the maximum recorded stress levels in the simulation do not
exceed those stated for the safety load case in Table A.4.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 25

26
Table A.4 Loads and deflection limits for gutter stress tests

•
Case Applied load Reported stress Reported deflection
mm
Inboard gutter:
BS 9101:2017

Water load service loading case Max. water depth in mm A) (kg/m2) <yield strength Gutter sole width/50
Water load safety loading case Max. water depth in mm B) × 1.5 (kg/m2) <max. tensile strength N/A
Pedestrian load service loading case 1.2 kN point load <yield strength Gutter sole width/50
Pedestrian load safety loading case 1.8 kN point load <max. tensile strength N/A
Snow load service/safety loading case See Note to A.2.1 – N/A
Outboard extruded aluminium gutter (up to 160 mm
overall width):
Water load service loading case Max. water depth in mm A) (kg/m2) N/A Overall width/30
Water load safety loading case Max. water depth in mm C) × 1.5 (kg/m2) N/A Overall width/20

© The British Standards Institution 2017

Snow load service loading case 0.7 kN per linear metre (UDL) N/A Overall width/11
Snow load safety loading case 1.05 kN per linear metre (UDL) N/A Overall width/7.5
Wind load service loading case 1.74 kN sq.m of the gutter underside (UDL) N/A Overall width/30
Wind load safety loading case 2.61 kN sq.m of the gutter underside (UDL) N/A Overall width/20
Outboard gutter (excluding extruded gutters up to
160 mm):
Water load service loading case Max. water depth in mm A) (kg/m2) N/A Overall width/30
Water load safety loading case Max. water depth in mm C) × 1.5 (kg/m2) N/A Overall width/20
Snow load service loading case 0.7 kN per linear metre (UDL) N/A Overall width/30
Snow load safety loading case 1.05 kN per linear metre (UDL) N/A Overall width/20
Wind load service loading case 1.74 kN sq.m of the gutter underside (UDL) N/A Overall width/30
Wind load safety loading case 2.61 kN sq.m of the gutter underside (UDL) N/A Overall width/20
A)
Maximum water is the design water depth in the gutter as defined by BS EN 12056-3:2000, 5.2.2.
B)
Maximum water is the depth of the gutter as defined by BS EN 12056-3:2000, 5.1.2.
C)
Maximum water is the depth of the overflows in external gutters not designed to run full.
UDL = Uniformly distributed load.
BRITISH STANDARD
BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

A.4 Deflection under pedestrian load (inboard gutter supported

on both sides)
A.4.1 Principle
This test simulates the effect of an operative with tools walking in the gutter
sole of an internal gutter (valley or parapet), which is supported on both sides
from secondary building steelwork, imposing all their weight on a single contact
point.
This test is an alternative to the use of physical testing described in Annex B.

A.4.2 Test method

A.4.2.1 Produce a CAD model of the gutter which includes an accurate
representation of all components, including accurate bend and fold radii, and
generate a 3D solid of length 3 m.
A.4.2.2 Export the model to a finite element stress analysis tool.
A.4.2.3 Ensure that all physical properties of all materials used in the model
match the prototype product.
A.4.2.4 Select the gutter parts which on the prototype would be attached to the
support structure of the building, and assign these as fixed surfaces.
A.4.2.5 Apply a vertical point load over an area measuring (125 × 125) mm at
the centre point of the gutter in accordance with the service loading case in
Table A.4.
A.4.2.6 Run the finite element simulation on the gutter model.
A.4.2.7 Check that the maximum deflection and maximum recorded stress levels
in the simulation do not exceed those stated for the service load case in
Table A.4.
A.4.2.8 Apply a vertical point load over an area measuring (125 × 125) mm at
the centre point of the gutter in accordance with the safety loading case in
Table A.4.
A.4.2.9 Run the finite element simulation on the gutter model.
A.4.2.10 Check that the maximum recorded stress levels in the simulation do not
exceed those stated for the safety load case in Table A.4.

A.5 Deflection under water load (outboard gutter supported on

one side)
A.5.1 Principle
This test simulates the effect of an external gutter (eaves), which is supported
on one side from a building fascia, being full of water to its design depth.
This test is an alternative to the use of physical testing described in Annex B.

A.5.2 Test method

A.5.2.1 Produce a CAD model of the gutter assembly which includes an accurate
representation of all components, including accurate bend and fold radii. The
model shall be a 3D solid length with 2 × the manufacturer’s recommended
bracket spacings + the width of the bracket, e.g. for a gutter with 450 mm
bracket spacing and 25 mm wide brackets, the test sample length is 925 mm; for
a gutter with no brackets, the size is 2 × the manufacturer’s recommended back
fixing spacings + 25 mm.
A.5.2.2 Export the model to a finite element stress analysis tool where all
materials for all components have accurate physical properties set and all joints

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 27

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

and connections are configured to accurately reflect their physical type, i.e.
bonded, sliding, separation, fixed. The connections shall accurately model the
connection type, i.e. welded, hook-in, riveted, bolted, etc. (see Figure A.12). Any
constraint to the building structure shall only be at recognized fixing points
according to the manufacturer’s installation instructions. For the purpose of this
test these constraints are considered fixed and absolute; fixity shall only be over
the area which is actually fixed in the prototype structure. All other parts of the
gutter in contact with the structure shall be free to move.
A.5.2.3 Apply a vertical UDL to the inside face of the gutter, replicating the
water service load, in accordance with Table A.4.
A.5.2.4 Run the finite element simulation on the gutter model.
A.5.2.5 Check that the maximum deflection in the simulation does not exceed
that stated for the service load case in Table A.4.
A.5.2.6 Apply a vertical UDL to the inside face of the gutter, replicating the
water safety load, in accordance with Table A.4.
A.5.2.7 Run the finite element simulation on the gutter model.
A.5.2.8 Check that the maximum deflection in the simulation does not exceed
that stated for the safety load case in Table A.4.

A.6 Deflection under wind load (outboard gutter supported on

one side)
A.6.1 Principle
This test simulates the effect of an external gutter (eaves), which is supported
on one side from a building fascia, being subjected to an uplift wind pressure.
This test is an alternative to the use of physical testing described in Annex B.

A.6.2 Test method

A.6.2.1 Produce a CAD model of the gutter which includes an accurate
representation of all components, including accurate bend and fold radii. The
model shall be a 3D solid length with 2 × the manufacturer’s recommended
bracket spacings + the width of the bracket, e.g. for a gutter with 450 mm
bracket spacing and 25 mm wide brackets, the test sample length is 925 mm; for
a gutter with no brackets, the size shall be 2 × the manufacturer’s recommended
back fixing spacings + 25 mm.
A.6.2.2 Export the model to a finite element stress analysis tool where all
materials for all components have accurate physical properties set and all joints
and connections are configured to accurately reflect their physical type, i.e.
bonded, sliding, separation, fixed. The connections shall accurately model the
connection type, i.e. welded, hook-in, riveted, bolted, etc. (see Figure A.12). Any
constraint to the building structure shall only be at recognized fixing points
according to the manufacturer’s installation instructions. For the purpose of this
test these constraints are considered fixed and absolute. Fixity shall only be over
the area which is actually fixed in the prototype structure; all other parts of the
gutter in contact with the structure shall be free to move.
A.6.2.3 Apply an upwards vertical UDL to the outside base of the gutter,
replicating the wind uplift service load, in accordance with Table A.4.
A.6.2.4 Run the finite element simulation on the gutter model.
A.6.2.5 Check that the maximum deflection in the simulation does not exceed
that stated for the service load case in Table A.4.

28 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

A.7 Deflection under snow load (outboard gutter supported on

one side)
A.7.1 Principle
This test simulates the effect of an external gutter (eaves), which is supported
on one side from a building fascia, being subjected to a snow loading applied
such as to replicate sliding snow. It might not fully represent the effect of
velocity impact force and thus, for sensitive locations, additional calculations are
necessary to assess the dynamic forces on the gutter. This test method is not
applicable to systems using rise-and-fall gutters; alternative methods of
protection are necessary for such systems.
This test is an alternative to the use of physical testing described in Annex B.

A.7.2 Test method

A.7.2.1 Produce a CAD model of the gutter which includes an accurate
representation of all components, including accurate bend and fold radii. The
model shall be a 3D solid length with 2 × the manufacturer’s recommended
bracket spacings + the width of the bracket, e.g. for a gutter with 450 mm
bracket spacing and 25 mm wide brackets, the test sample length is 925 mm; for
a gutter with no brackets, the size is 2 × the manufacturer’s recommended back
fixing spacings + 25 mm.
A.7.2.2 Export the model to a finite element stress analysis tool where all
materials for all components have accurate physical properties set and all joints
and connections are configured to accurately reflect their physical type, i.e.
bonded, sliding, separation, fixed. The connections shall accurately model the
connection type, i.e. welded, hook-in, riveted, bolted, etc. (see Figure A.12). Any
constraint to the building structure shall only be at recognized fixing points
according to the manufacturer’s installation instructions. For the purpose of this
test these constraints are considered fixed and absolute. Fixity shall only be over
the area which is actually fixed in the prototype structure; all other parts of the
gutter in contact with the structure shall be free to move.
A.7.2.3 Apply a UDL at an angle of 30° to the horizontal, in a downwards
direction to the outside top lip of the gutter, replicating the snow service load,
in accordance with Table A.4.
A.7.2.4 Run the finite element simulation on the gutter model.
A.7.2.5 Check that the maximum deflection in the simulation does not exceed
that stated for the service load case in Table A.4.
A.7.2.6 Apply a UDL at an angle of 30° to the horizontal, in a downwards
direction to the outside top lip of the gutter, replicating the snow safety load, in
accordance with Table A.4.
A.7.2.7 Run the finite element simulation on the gutter model.
A.7.2.8 Check that the maximum deflection in the simulation does not exceed
that stated for the safety load case in Table A.4.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 29

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

Annex B Gutter stress test: Physical testing

(normative)
COMMENTARY ON ANNEX B
The tests in this annex are an alternative to the use of finite element analysis in
Annex A.

B.1 Test sequences

B.1.1 Inboard gutter
The sequence of tests for each sample internal gutter (see Table B.1) shall be as
follows:
• water load (see B.2): service load + safety load; and
• pedestrian load (see B.3): service load + safety load.
NOTE Snow loads for internal gutters are less than maximum water load and
therefore do not require further testing.

B.1.2 Outboard gutter

The sequence of tests for each sample outboard gutter (see Table B.1) shall be as
follows:
• water load (see B.4): service load + safety load;
• snow load (see B.6): service load + safety load; and
NOTE Snow load assumed to be 4 kN/m3 obtained from
BS EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015, Annex E, over 100 mm thickness with a factor
of 1.75 to allow for dynamic loading, in accordance with ISO 4355:2013,
Annex E.
• wind uplift (see B.5): service load + safety load.

30 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

 Table B.1 Loads and deflection limits for gutter stress tests

Case Applied load Reported stress Reported deflection

mm
Inboard gutter:
Water load service loading case Max. water depth in mm A) (kg/m2) <yield strength Gutter sole width/50
Water load safety loading case Max. water depth in mm B) × 1.5 (kg/m2) <max. tensile strength N/A
Pedestrian load service loading case 1.2 kN point load <yield strength Gutter sole width/50
BRITISH STANDARD

Pedestrian load safety loading case 1.8 kN point load <max. tensile strength N/A
Snow load service/safety loading case See Note to B.1.1 – N/A
Outboard extruded aluminium gutter (up
to 160 mm overall width):
Water load service loading case Max. water depth in mm A) (kg/m2) N/A Overall width/30
Water load safety loading case Max. water depth in mm C) × 1.5 (kg/m2) N/A Overall width/20
Snow load service loading case 0.7 kN per linear metre (UDL) N/A Overall width/11
Snow load safety loading case 1.05 kN per linear metre (UDL) N/A Overall width/7.5
Wind load service loading case 1.74 kN sq.m of the gutter underside (UDL) N/A Overall width/30
Wind load safety loading case 2.61 kN sq.m of the gutter underside (UDL) N/A Overall width/20
Outboard gutter (excluding extruded gutters up
to 160 mm):
Water load service loading case Max. water depth in mm A) (kg/m2) N/A Overall width/30
Water load safety loading case Max. water depth in mm C) × 1.5 (kg/m2) N/A Overall width/20
Snow load service loading case 0.7 kN per linear metre (UDL) N/A Overall width/30
Snow load safety loading case 1.05 kN per linear metre (UDL) N/A Overall width/20
Wind load service loading case 1.74 kN per sq.m of the gutter underside N/A Overall width/30
(UDL)
Wind load safety loading case 2.61 kN per sq.m of the gutter underside N/A Overall width/20
(UDL)
A)
Maximum water is the design water depth in the gutter as defined by BS EN 12056-3:2000, 5.2.2.
B)
Maximum water is the depth of the gutter as defined by BS EN 12056-3:2000, 5.1.2.
C)
Maximum water is the depth of the overflows in external gutters not designed to run full.
UDL = Uniformly distributed load.

© The British Standards Institution 2017

•
BS 9101:2017

31
BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

B.2 Deflection under water load (inboard gutter supported on

both sides)
B.2.1 Principle
This test simulates the effect of an internal gutter (valley or parapet), which is
supported on both sides from secondary building steelwork, being full of water
to its design depth.

B.2.2 Test method

B.2.2.1 Install a 3 m length of gutter, securely fixed to two support rails, level
to ±2 mm, using fixings at the manufacturer’s recommended fixing spacing (see
Figure B.1).
B.2.2.2 Install a calibrated dial gauge as close to the mid-point of the gutter as
possible and midway between any brackets to measure the deflection that
occurs during the test (see Figure B.1).
B.2.2.3 Spread an even layer of sand of a known density in the gutter at a
thickness sufficient to generate the service loading UDL (uniformly distributed
load) given in Table B.1.

Figure B.1 Test equipment for simulated water load test

Key
1 Test gutter rigidly fixed to support rail 4 Dial gauge as close as possible to gutter
2 Rigid support rail mid-point, midway between any brackets
3 Uniformly distributed load applied by
measured thickness of sand of known
density

B.2.2.4 Read the value of the dial gauge and subtract the zero value to calculate
the deflection under applied service loading water load.
B.2.2.5 After 5 min re-read the dial gauge to check for any long-term creep. If
the value is the same as the value recorded as soon as the load was
applied ±0.5 mm, then the gutter sample can be unloaded. If the gutter has
continued to deflect, record the new reading and take another reading
every 5 min until either the gutter stops deflecting or the service loading
deflection limit in Table B.1 is exceeded.
B.2.2.6 Remove the load from the gutter, and take a final dial gauge
measurement. Record this measurement as the service loading permanent
deflection value, after subtracting the zero measurement.
B.2.2.7 Spread an even layer of sand of a known density in the gutter at a
thickness sufficient to generate the safety loading UDL given in Table B.1.
B.2.2.8 Read the value of the dial gauge and subtract the zero value to calculate
the deflection under applied safety loading water load.

32 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

B.2.2.9 After 5 min re-read the dial gauge to check for any long-term creep. If
the value is the same as the value recorded as soon as the load was
applied ±0.5 mm, then the gutter sample can be unloaded. If the gutter has
continued to deflect, record the new reading and take another reading
every 5 min until either the gutter stops deflecting or the safety loading
deflection limit in Table B.1 is exceeded.
B.2.2.10 Remove the load from the gutter, and take a final dial gauge
measurement. Record this measurement as the safety loading permanent
deflection value, after subtracting the zero measurement.

B.3 Deflection under pedestrian load (inboard gutter supported

on both sides)
B.3.1 Principle
This test simulates the effect of an operative with tools walking in the gutter
sole of an internal gutter (valley or parapet), which is supported on both sides
from secondary building steelwork, imposing all their weight on a single contact
point.
This test is an alternative to the use of finite element analysis described in
Annex A.

B.3.2 Test method

B.3.2.1 Install a 3 m length of gutter, securely fixed to two support rails, level
to ±2 mm, using fixings at the manufacturer’s recommended fixing spacing (see
Figure B.2).
B.3.2.2 Install a calibrated dial gauge as close to the mid-point of the gutter as
possible and midway between any brackets to measure the deflection that
occurs during the test. Take a zero reading before the test begins (see
Figure B.2).

Figure B.2 Test equipment for pedestrian load test

Key
1 Test gutter rigidly fixed to support rail 4 Dial gauge as close as possible to gutter
2 Rigid support rail mid-point, midway between any brackets
3 Test load applied via a (125 × 125) mm test
platen, 80 mm thick, separated from gutter
by rubber pad

B.3.2.3 Apply a vertical force as defined in Table B.1 to the centre point of the
gutter sample via a rigid square platen of (125 × 125) mm, with a minimum
thickness of 80 mm. In order to avoid local stress, a 10 mm to 15 mm thick layer
of rubber of shore hardness A 20-30 determined according to BS EN ISO 868 can
be placed between the test platen and the gutter under test.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 33

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

B.3.2.4 Read the value of the dial gauge and subtract the zero value to calculate
the deflection under the service loading pedestrian load.
B.3.2.5 After 5 min re-read the dial gauge to check for any long-term creep. If
the value is the same as the value recorded as soon as the load was
applied ±0.5 mm, then the gutter sample can be unloaded. If the gutter has
continued to deflect, record the new reading and take another reading
every 5 min until either the gutter stops deflecting or the service loading
deflection limit is exceeded.
B.3.2.6 Remove the load and take a final dial gauge reading. Record this
measurement as the service loading permanent deflection value, after
subtracting the zero measurement.
B.3.2.7 Apply a vertical force as defined in Table B.1 to the centre point of the
gutter sample via a rigid square platen of (125 × 125) mm, with a minimum
thickness of 80 mm. In order to avoid local stress, a 10 mm to 15 mm thick layer
of rubber of shore hardness A 20-30 determined according to BS EN ISO 868 can
be placed between the test platen and the gutter under test.
B.3.2.8 Read the value of the dial gauge and subtract the zero value to calculate
the deflection under the safety loading pedestrian load.
B.3.2.9 After 5 min re-read the dial gauge to check for any long-term creep. If
the value is the same as the value recorded as soon as the load was
applied ±0.5 mm, then the gutter sample can be unloaded. If the gutter has
continued to deflect, record the new reading and take another reading
every 5 min until either the gutter stops deflecting or the service loading
deflection limit is exceeded.
B.3.2.10 Remove the load and take a final dial gauge reading. Record this
measurement as the permanent safety loading deflection value, after
subtracting the zero measurement.

B.4 Deflection under water load (outboard gutter supported on

one side)
B.4.1 Principle
This test simulates the effect of an external gutter (eaves), which is supported
on one side from a building fascia, being full of water to its design depth.
This test is an alternative to the use of finite element analysis described in
Annex A.

B.4.2 Test method

B.4.2.1 Install a minimum length of gutter = 2 × the manufacturer’s
recommended bracket spacings + the width of the bracket, e.g. for a gutter
with 450 mm bracket spacing and 25 mm wide brackets, the test sample length
is 925 mm; for gutters with no brackets, the size is 2 × the manufacturer’s
recommended back fixing spacings + 25 mm (see Figure B.3).
B.4.2.2 Securely fix the gutter to a solid fascia board using the manufacturer’s
recommended bracketry system, fixed using the manufacturer’s recommended
fixings at the manufacturer’s recommended bracket and fixing centres, level
to ±2 mm (see Figure B.3).

34 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

Figure B.3 Test equipment for simulated water load test

Key
1 Test gutter rigidly fixed to simulated fascia board 3 Dial gauge as close as possible to
2 Uniformly distributed load applied by measured gutter mid-point, midway between
thickness of sand of known density any brackets

B.4.2.3 Install a calibrated dial gauge midway between any brackets to measure
the deflection that occurs during the test. Take a zero reading before the test
begins.
B.4.2.4 Spread an even layer of sand of a known density in the gutter at a
thickness sufficient to generate the service loading UDL given in Table B.1.
Remove the load from the gutter and record the dial gauge reading. Take this
as the zero reading, allowing for initial settlement on fixings.
B.4.2.5 Spread an even layer of sand of a known density in the gutter at a
thickness sufficient to generate the service loading UDL given in Table B.1.
B.4.2.6 Read the value of the dial gauge and subtract the zero value to calculate
the deflection under service loading water load.
B.4.2.7 After 5 min re-read the dial gauge to check for any long-term creep. If
the value is the same as the value recorded as soon as the load was
applied ±0.5mm, then the gutter sample can be unloaded. If the gutter has
continued to deflect, record the reading and take another reading every 5 min
until either the gutter stops deflecting or the service loading deflection limit is
exceeded.
B.4.2.8 Remove the load from the gutter, and take a final dial gauge
measurement. Record this measurement as the service loading permanent
deflection value, after subtracting the zero measurement.
B.4.2.9 Spread an even layer of sand of a known density in the gutter at a
thickness sufficient to generate the safety loading UDL stated in Table B.1.
B.4.2.10 Read the value of the dial gauge and subtract the zero value to
calculate the deflection under safety loading water load.
B.4.2.11 After 5 min re-read the dial gauge to check for any long-term creep. If
the value is the same as the value recorded as soon as the load was
applied ±0.5 mm, then the gutter sample can be unloaded. If the gutter has
continued to deflect, record the reading and take another reading every 5 min
until either the gutter stops deflecting or the safety loading deflection limit is
exceeded.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 35

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

B.4.2.12 Remove the load and take a final dial gauge measurement. Record this
measurement as the safety loading permanent deflection value, after
subtracting the zero measurement.

B.5 Deflection under wind load (outboard gutter supported on

one side)
B.5.1 Principle
This test simulates the effect of an external gutter (eaves), which is supported
on one side from a building fascia, being subjected to an uplift wind pressure.
This test is an alternative to the use of finite element analysis described in
Annex A.

B.5.2 Test method

B.5.2.1 Install a minimum 1.8 m length of gutter = 2 × the manufacturer’s
recommended bracket spacings + the width of the bracket, e.g. for a gutter
with 450 mm bracket spacing and 25 mm wide brackets, the test sample length
is 925 mm; for gutters with no brackets, the size is 2 × the manufacturer’s
recommended back fixing spacings + 25 mm (see Figure B.4).
B.5.2.2 Securely fix the gutter to a solid fascia board using the manufacturer’s
recommended bracketry system, fixed using the manufacturer’s recommended
fixings at the manufacturer’s recommended bracket and fixing centres, level
to ±2 mm (see Figure B.4).
B.5.2.3 Install a calibrated dial gauge midway between any brackets to measure
the deflection that occurs during the test (see Figure B.4). Take a zero reading
before the test begins.
B.5.2.4 Apply a UDL to generate the service loading wind load given in
Table B.1 to the bottom face of the gutter by means of sandbags of the correct
mass (see Figure B.4).

Figure B.4 Test equipment for wind uplift test

Key
1 Simulation of wind uplift load applied 3 Dial gauge as close as possible to gutter
using sandbags mid-point, midway between any brackets
2 Test gutter rigidly fixed to simulated
fascia board

36 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

B.5.2.5 Read the value of the dial gauge and subtract the zero value to calculate
the deflection under the service loading wind load.
B.5.2.6 After 5 min re-read the dial gauge to check for any long-term creep. If
the value is the same as the value recorded as soon as the load was
applied ±0.5 mm, then the gutter sample can be unloaded. If the gutter has
continued to deflect, record the reading and take another reading every 5 min
until either the gutter stops deflecting or the service loading deflection limit is
exceeded.
B.5.2.7 Remove the applied load from the gutter sample, and take a final dial
gauge measurement. Record this measurement as the service loading permanent
deflection value, after subtracting the zero measurement.
B.5.2.8 Apply a UDL to generate the safety loading wind load as set out in
Table B.1 to the bottom face of the gutter by means of sandbags of the correct
mass (see Figure B.4).
B.5.2.9 Read the value of the dial gauge and subtract the zero value to calculate
the deflection under the safety loading wind load.
B.5.2.10 After 5 min re-read the dial gauge for any long-term creep. If the value
is the same as the value recorded as soon as the load was applied ±0.5 mm, then
the gutter sample can be unloaded. If the gutter has continued to deflect,
record the reading and take another reading every 5 min until either the gutter
stops deflecting or the safety loading deflection limit is exceeded.
B.5.2.11 Remove the applied load from the gutter sample, and take a final dial
gauge measurement. Record this measurement as the safety loading permanent
deflection value, after subtracting the zero measurement.

B.6 Deflection under snow load (outboard gutter supported on

one side)
B.6.1 Principle
This test simulates the effect of an external gutter (eaves), which is supported
on one side from a building fascia, being subjected to a snow loading applied
such as to replicate sliding snow. It might not fully represent the effect of
velocity impact force and thus, for sensitive locations, additional calculations are
necessary to assess the dynamic forces on the gutter. This test method is not
applicable to systems using rise-and-fall gutters; alternative methods of
protection are necessary.
This test is an alternative to the use of finite element analysis described in
Annex A.

B.6.2 Test method

B.6.2.1 Install a minimum 1.8 m length of gutter = 2 × the manufacturer’s
recommended bracket spacings + the width of the bracket, e.g. for a gutter
with 450 mm bracket spacing and 25 mm wide brackets, the test sample length
is 925 mm; for gutters with no brackets, the size is 2 × the manufacturer’s
recommended back fixing spacings + 25 mm (see Figure B.5).
B.6.2.2 Securely fix the gutter to a solid fascia board using the manufacturer’s
recommended bracketry system and the manufacturer’s recommended fixings at
the manufacturer’s recommended bracket and fixing centres, level to ±2 mm
(see Figure B.5).
B.6.2.3 Install a calibrated dial gauge midway between any brackets to measure
the deflection that occurs during the test (see Figure B.5). Take a zero reading
before the test begins.

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 37

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

B.6.2.4 Apply a uniformly distributed load as defined in Table B.1 to the front
edge of the gutter by means of a rigid loading bar (see Figure B.5).
NOTE This should be a (25 × 5) mm steel section with loading points welded on
at 400 mm centres spaced evenly about the gutter centreline.

Figure B.5 Test equipment for snow load test

Key
1 Dial gauge as close as possible to gutter 3 Test gutter rigidly fixed to simulated fascia
mid-point, midway between any brackets board
2 Load applied at 30° to the horizontal

B.6.2.5 Read the value of the dial gauge and subtract the zero value to calculate
the deflection under water load.
B.6.2.6 After 5 min re-read the dial gauge to check for any long-term creep. If
the value is the same as the value recorded as soon as the load was
applied ±0.5mm, then the gutter sample can be unloaded. If the gutter has
continued to deflect, record the reading and take another reading every 5 min
until either the gutter stops deflecting or the deflection limit is exceeded.
B.6.2.7 Remove the applied load from the gutter sample, and take a final dial
gauge measurement. Record this measurement as the permanent deflection
value, after subtracting the zero measurement.

38 • © The British Standards Institution 2017

BRITISH STANDARD BS 9101:2017

Bibliography
Standards publications
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
BS 7543, Guide to durability of buildings and building elements, products and
components
BS EN 612, Eaves gutters with bead stiffened fronts and rainwater pipes with
seamed joints made of metal sheet
BS EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015, Eurocode 1 – Actions on structures – Part 1-3:
General actions – Snow loads
BS EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by
means of a durometer (Shore hardness)
BS EN ISO 2081, Metallic and other inorganic coatings – Electroplated coatings
of zinc with supplementary treatments on iron or steel
ISO 4355:2013, Bases for design of structures – Determination of snow loads on
roofs
PD 6484, Commentary on corrosion at bimetallic contacts and its alleviation

© The British Standards Institution 2017 • 39

BS 9101:2017 BRITISH STANDARD

40 • © The British Standards Institution 2017 This page deliberately left blank
This page deliberately left blank
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

British Standards Institution (BSI)

BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other
standards-related publications, information and services.
BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. British Standards and other standardization
products are published by BSI Standards Limited.

About us Reproducing extracts

We bring together business, industry, government, consumers, innovators For permission to reproduce content from BSI publications contact the BSI
and others to shape their combined experience and expertise into standards Copyright & Licensing team.
-based solutions.
The knowledge embodied in our standards has been carefully assembled in Subscriptions
a dependable format and refined through our open consultation process. Our range of subscription services are designed to make using standards
Organizations of all sizes and across all sectors choose standards to help easier for you. For further information on our subscription products go to
them achieve their goals. bsigroup.com/subscriptions.
With British Standards Online (BSOL) you’ll have instant access to over 55,000
Information on standards British and adopted European and international standards from your desktop.
We can provide you with the knowledge that your organization needs It’s available 24/7 and is refreshed daily so you’ll always be up to date.
to succeed. Find out more about British Standards by visiting our website at You can keep in touch with standards developments and receive substantial
bsigroup.com/standards or contacting our Customer Services team or discounts on the purchase price of standards, both in single copy and subscription
Knowledge Centre. format, by becoming a BSI Subscribing Member.
PLUS is an updating service exclusive to BSI Subscribing Members. You will
Buying standards
automatically receive the latest hard copy of your standards when they’re
You can buy and download PDF versions of BSI publications, including British revised or replaced.
and adopted European and international standards, through our website at
To find out more about becoming a BSI Subscribing Member and the benefits
bsigroup.com/shop, where hard copies can also be purchased.
of membership, please visit bsigroup.com/shop.
If you need international and foreign standards from other Standards Development
With a Multi-User Network Licence (MUNL) you are able to host standards
Organizations, hard copies can be ordered from our Customer Services team.
publications on your intranet. Licences can cover as few or as many users as you
wish. With updates supplied as soon as they’re available, you can be sure your
Copyright in BSI publications
documentation is current. For further information, email [email protected].
All the content in BSI publications, including British Standards, is the property
of and copyrighted by BSI or some person or entity that owns copyright in the Revisions
information used (such as the international standardization bodies) and has
Our British Standards and other publications are updated by amendment or revision.
formally licensed such information to BSI for commercial publication and use.
We continually improve the quality of our products and services to benefit your
Save for the provisions below, you may not transfer, share or disseminate any
business. If you find an inaccuracy or ambiguity within a British Standard or other
portion of the standard to any other person. You may not adapt, distribute,
BSI publication please inform the Knowledge Centre.
commercially exploit, or publicly display the standard or any portion thereof in any
manner whatsoever without BSI’s prior written consent.
Useful Contacts
Storing and using standards Customer Services
Standards purchased in soft copy format: Tel: +44 345 086 9001
Email (orders): [email protected]
• A British Standard purchased in soft copy format is licensed to a sole named
user for personal or internal company use only. Email (enquiries): [email protected]

• The standard may be stored on more than 1 device provided that it is accessible Subscriptions
by the sole named user only and that only 1 copy is accessed at any one time. Tel: +44 345 086 9001
• A single paper copy may be printed for personal or internal company use only. Email: [email protected]

Standards purchased in hard copy format: Knowledge Centre

• A British Standard purchased in hard copy format is for personal or internal Tel: +44 20 8996 7004
company use only. Email: [email protected]
• It may not be further reproduced – in any format – to create an additional copy.
Copyright & Licensing
This includes scanning of the document.
Tel: +44 20 8996 7070
If you need more than 1 copy of the document, or if you wish to share the Email: [email protected]
document on an internal network, you can save money by choosing a subscription
product (see ‘Subscriptions’). BSI Group Headquarters
389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL UK