READING COMPREHENSION

QUESTIONS

ENGLISH 2
TEXT 1

Domestic cats, no matter their breed, are all members of one species. Felis catus
has had a very long relationship with humans. Ancient Egyptians may have first
domesticated cats asearly as 4,000 years ago. Plentiful rodents probably drew wild
felines to human communities. The cats' skill in killing them may havefirst earned the
affectionate attention of humans. Early Egyptians worshipped a cat goddess and even
mummified their beloved petsfor their journey to the next world— accompanied by
mummified mice. Culturesaround the world later adopted cats as theirown companions.
Like their wild relatives, domestic cats are natural hunters able to stalk prey and
pounce with sharp claws and teeth. They are particularly effective at night, when their
light- reflecting eyes allow them to see better than much of their prey. Cats also enjoy
acute hearing. All cats are nimble and agile. and their long tails aid their outstanding
balance.
Cats communicate by marking trees_fence posts, or furniture with their claws or
their waste. These scent posts are meant to inform others of a cat's home range. House
cats employ a vocal repertoire that extends from a purr to a screech.
Domestic cats remain largely carnivorous, and have evolved a simple gut
appropriate for raw meat. They also retain the rough tongue that can help them clean
every last piece from an animal bone (and groom themselves).

1. What is the main topic of paragraph 3?

(A) How a cat was revered by the early Egyptians.

(B)How a cat hunts its preys.
(C)How a cat communicates.
(D) How a cat eats.

2. The author mentions ‘mummified mice’ in paragraph 1 to ....

(A) give example of how a cat was revered by the early Egyptians.
(B)give the readers information about Egyptian culture.
(C)show that mummification of mice influences the later adoption of cats as human
companions.
(D) show that mice and cats can live together.

3. The following are the characteristics of domestic cats, EXCEPT ....

(A) mostly eat meat
(B)they have rough tongue
(C)they have poor hearing.
(D) they may mark their home range with their feces

TEXT 2
 Two-headed sharks may sound like a figment of the big screen, but they exist—and
more are turning up worldwide, scientists say. A few years ago off Florida, fishermen
hauled in a bull shark whose uterus contained a two- headed fetus. In 2008, another
fisherman discovered a two-headed blue shark embryo in the Indian Ocean.
Now, Spanish researchers have identified an embryo of an Atlantic sawtail catshark.
They opened the egg to study the specimen, and study leader Valentin Sans-Coma says
it’s unknown whether the deformed animal would have survived.
Sans-Coma and colleagues say a genetic disorder seems to be the most plausible
cause for the two-headed catshark, since the embryos were grown in a lab among nearly
800 specimens. To the best of their knowledge, the eggs were not exposed to any
infections, chemicals, or radiation.
But wild sharks‟ malformations could come from a variety of factors, including viral
infections, metabolic disorders, pollution, or a dwindling gene pool due to overfishing,
which leads to inbreeding, and thus genetic abnormalities. Ehemann, a master’s student
at the National Polytechnic Institute in Mexico, believes that if the two-headed fetuses
are more prevalent in nature, then overfishing is a strong culprit as it may cause the gene
pool to shrink.
Galvan-Magana, who authored the 2011 study, doesn't think two-headed sharks are
more common—but rather that there are more scientific journals around to publish
accounts.

4. According to the text. the following may contribute to the existence of the two-
headed sharks. EXCEPT ....
(A) viral infections
(B)inbreeding
(C)genetic disorder
(D) two-headed embryos

5. The underlined word 'dwindling' in paragraph 4 means ....

(A) shrinking
(B)expanding
(C)increasing
(D) varying

6. What is the main idea of the passage?

(A) Scientists have been trying to explain the two-headed shark phenomenon.
(B)Scientists have found an answer to the existence of two-headed sharks.
(C)Two-headed sharks were found in the oceans.
(D) Scientists studied two-headed sharks both in the lab and in nature.

7. The passage above is mostly found in a .... article.

(A) History
(B)Physics
(C)Chemistry
(D) biology.
TEXT 3

In the days before telephones, radio, and televisions, the only network of public
communication that could reach farmers was the mail. But this was not the mail as we know it
today. At that time, in the early nineteenth century, mail delivery was uneven and widely
scattered. In fact, many people living in rural areas got no mail at all. In the early decades of
the century, mail carriers were privately employed— they did not work for the goverment.
Many years later, when the government finally took charge of delivering mail, it was
mostly in cities that mail got delivered to people’s homes. So farmers still had a problem—
they had to go to a post office to collect their mail, which, by the way, was not always nearby.
Farmers’ requests to have mail brought to their homes were at first met with outrage.
What could be more ridiculous, many urban residents asked, than paying government
employees to travel miles across the countryside with an occasional letter? Nevertheless,
farmers’ organizations succeeded in convincing the United States Congress that farmers
needed mail delivery. Finally in 1891 rural free delivery, known as RFD, came into being.
In a sense, rural free delivery was the most important communications revolution in
United States history. Rural Americans were not lifted out of the relatively isolated
communities they lived in. Because of rural free delivery, there now ran a highway to the
world from every farmer’s doorstep.

8. What does the author mainly discuss?

(A) The economic impact of mail delivery on rural areas.
(B) A comparison of urban and rural mail delivery.
(C) Government mail delivery in cities.
(D) The introduction of mail delivery in rural areas.

9. What is true of mail delivery in the early nineteenth century?

(A) It was paid for by the United States Congress
(B) It was run by private companies
(C) It was regulated by the government
(D) It was mainly for farmers.

10. According to the author, what problem did farmers face with early mail service?
(A) Many post office locations were inconvenient.
(B) Bad roads delayed mail delivery.
(C) The postal rates were too high.
(D) There were not enough mail carriers to deliver mail.

TEXT 4
 "The most common definition of lazy keto is to eat no more than 20 grams of
carbohydrates per day without counting calories or tracking the other macronutrients,
protein and fat," said Allison Knott, MS, RDN, CSSD, a registered dietitian based in New
York City. "In theory, this sounds great for those who don't enjoy tracking every bite of
food going into their mouth, but it's unlikely to result in the metabolic state known as
ketosis," she said.
Ketosis is the process that occurs when the body stops using glycogen (carbohydrate)
stores for energy and starts burning fat instead. In ketosis, the body burns the fat you eat
plus the fat you have stored. Ketosis is vital to the keto diet and its highly touted weight loss
benef i ts. But ketosis isn't as easy as ditching carbs almost entirely to force fat burning.
Yes, carbs are the direct source of glucose for energy and without them, your body will
need another energy source.
Protein, if you aren't watchful, can become that source of glucose in a process called
gluconeogenesis. It could be the death knell for the lazy keto concept. "Protein has an
insulinogenic response, which means that eating too much protein on a ketogenic diet can
actually cause the body to use glucose for fuel instead of ketones, thus taking the person
out of ketosis," said Michelle Shapiro, MS, RD, a registered dietitian in New York City.
"If macronutrients are not balanced and nutrient timing, i.e., when eating meals, is not
tightly regulated, it is very probable that the ketogenic diet will not be done properly, and
will leave the person feeling very hungry," she added.

11. The author's motivation in writing the text is most likely to ....
(A) inform about the ineffectiveness of lazy keto
(B)encourage the reader to pursue a healthy life
(C)warn about the consequences of lazy keto
(D) provide information on how to do keto correctly

12. The main topic of the text is ....

(A) the growing popularity of lazy keto
(B)how keto helps your diet
(C)why lazy keto doesn't work
(D) lazy keto as a cause of death

13. Paragraph 2 aims to ....

(A) explain the importance of ketosis in a keto diet
(B)provide a definition about ketosis
(C)emphasize how vital carbohydrates are for ketosis
(D) inform the reason why carbs are vital

14. According to the text, why is lazy keto not likely to be effective?
(A) Ketosis is unlikely to be possible if we do not track our consumption, since
we could eat too many carbohydrates.
(B)Ketosis, a vital process in a keto diet, can cause a person's body weight to
f l uctuate when having an irregular diet.
 (C)There is no need to diet when you aren't prepared to commit to a disciplined diet
program such as keto
(D) If we aren't careful, we could consume too much protein and it can become
a source of energy for the body and stop ketosis.

TEXT 5

No educational medium better serves as a means of spatial communication than the

atlas. Atlases deal with such invaluable information as population distribution and
density. One of the best, Pennycooke’s World Atlas, has been widely accepted as a
standard owing to the quality of its maps and photographs, which not only show
various settlements but also portray them in a variety of scales. In fact, the very first
map atlas is a cleverly designed population cartogram that projects of the size of each
country if geographical size was propotional to population. Following the propotional
layout, a sequence of smaller maps shows the world’s pouplation density, each
country’s birth and death rates, population increase or decrease, industrialisation,
urbanisation, gross national product in terms of per capita income, the quality of
medical care, literacy, and language. To give readers a perspective on how their own
country fits in with the global view, additional projections depict the world’s patterns in
nutrittion, calorie and protein consumption, health care, number of physicians per units
of population, and life expectancy by region. Population density maps on a
subcontinental scale, as well as poitical maps, convey the diverse demographic
phenomena of the world in a broad array of scales.

15. What is the main topic of this passage?

(A) The educational benefits of atlases
(B) Physical maps in an atlas
(C) The ideal in the making of atlases
(D) Partial maps and their uses

16. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

(A) Calorie consumption
(B) Currency exchange rates
(C) A level of education
(D) Population decline

TEXT 6

As we head into hurricane season, we’d like to take this opportunity to go over
some precautionary measures you can take in this dangerous season. This is espcially
important for those of you living in coastal areas where hurricanes can be destructive
because of their heavy winds.
 The following guidelines have been established by the National Weather service.
Before hurricane season even begins, stock up on batteries, candels, bottled water,
nonperishable food such as canned goods, and other emergency equipment. In case of a
hurricane warning, following these safety guidelines may help save your life and
property. First of all, protect windows with boards or tape, since they are not
strong enough to withstand hurricane-force winds—these winds can reach up to 200
miles per hour! Also the national Weather Service recommends that you fill up your car
with fuel in case you need to evacuate. Gas stations may be closed by the time you
need to leave your home.
Remember also, it is suggested that you stay indoors if your home is sturdy and on
high ground. However, homes in low-lying areas will likely be evacuated, and
evacuation information. If called to evacuate, leave the area immediately. You will be
advised of the location of local shelters

17. What is the above passage mainly about?

(A) Preparing for a hurricane
(B) Damage caused by a hurricane
(C) Coastal weather patterns
(D) Evacuation procedures

18. What organization provided the information for the announcement?

(A) The navy
(B) A goverment weather agency
(C) State police headquarters
(D) A local shelter

19. What should people do before hurricane season begins?

(A) Cover windows
(B) Buy a supply of food and water
(C) Locate the nearest shelter
(D) Leave coastal areas

20. According to the passage or annoucement, why should people fill their cars with fuel
before a hurricane?
(A) Fuel might increase in price
(B) Gas stations might not be open
(C) They may need to drive neighbors to shelters
(D) There may be long lines at the gas stations

TEXT 7
 Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is
the country’s impressive population growth. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were
over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada’s population passed the 20 million marks.
Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The depression of the 1930’s and
the war had held back marriage, and the catching-up process began after 1945. The baby
boom continued through the decade of the 1950’s, producing a population increase of nearly
fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956.
This rate of increase had been exceeded only once before in Canada’s history, the
decade before 1911. When the prairies (a wide area of flat land without trees in Canada and
the northern US) were being settled. Undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the
1950’s supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend
toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families. In 1957 the
Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in the world. After the peak
year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966 it
stood at the lowest level in 25 years.
Partly this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and the
war, but it was also caused by changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at
school longer; more women were working; young married couples were buying
automobiles or houses before starting families; rising living standards were cutting down
the size of families. It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend
toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of
the Industrial Revolution. Although the growth in Canada’s population had slowed down by
1966 (the increase in the first half of the 1960’s was only nine percent), another large
population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who
were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.
21. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Educational changes in Canadian society
(B) Canada during the second world war
(C) Population trends in postwar Canada
(D) Standards of living in Canada

22. The word “surging” in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) New
(B) Extra
(C) Accelerating
(D) Surprising

23. The author suggests that in Canada during 1950’s

(A) The urban population decreased rapidly
(B) Fewer people married
(C) Economic conditions were poor
(D) The birth rate was very high
 24. The author mentions all the following as causes of declines in population growth
after 1957 EXCEPT..
(A) People being better educated
(B) People getting married earlier
(C) Better standards of living
(D) Couples buying houses

25. It can be inferred that from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution
(A) Families were larger
(B) Population statistics were unreliable
(C) The population grew steadily
(D) Economic conditions were bad

TEXT 8

You can choose your friends but you cannot choose your family, an old adage states.
The family is usually a place for children to find shelter and nurturing. But teenagers may
see their situation differently. Erna M.K, a psychologist specializing in family and
education, said some teenagers looked at the family as something that limited the room they
needed to maneuver. Some teens even stopped feeling comfortable being around their own
family. When glitches come into play in their family life, many teenagers chose to avoid or
ignore them. “Teenagers should not run away from their family if they know something is
wrong. Their parents may be too busy with their jobs, constantly arguing, or even getting
divorced. The children need to face what is happening,” she said. “It is not easy, but
running away or shutting the door to the outside world is not the solution.” She said that if a
child started to talk about his or her feelings about the family situation, from the young
person’s point of view, that might help both the children and their family, putting their
emotions on the table.
Teenagers affected by problems in their family can become aggressive, quiet,
uncreative and less stable emotionally. “And don’t ever let yourself think that you’re the
cause of all problems. Do not blame yourself,” she said. Erna said that apart from having the
courage to acknowledge and recognize their problems, teenagers should focus on their
studies, and not let home life hurt their performance at school, either educationally or
socially. “Find other places to do homework if your house is not a good place to study, such
as after school courses,” she said. During the school day, teachers often recognize when
students are in a difficult situation; students can consider them recourses and talk to them.
“Schools have a counseling division, but students still see it as a place only for troubled
students rather than as a place to share what is going on with them,” she said Cedarkuine, a
counselor at SMA 3 in South Jakarta, agreed that some students exhibited certain behavior
because of their families situations. “We have seen several cases where students are coming
from dysfunctional families. Some retreat from their surroundings, but some act just like
other students whose families are fine,” she said. However, Cedarkuine said that fewer
students took on negative attitude due to family hardship than students who stayed on track.
“Let me give you an example.
Three out of 10 students (from broken homes) show poor performance in class.
They get bad grades, become withdrawn, seem gloomy or act uninterested in school,” she
said. “But seven others in a similar situation do well. They continue to be among the best
students at school and excel in after-school activites.” Cedarkuine said that when teachers
noticed a student having a hard time in class, due partly to their family, they usually asked
other students to help reach out to the one in need. “We think they can be more open with
their friend than us. But it does not mean they cannot come to us. We’re keeping an eye on
them, and willing to give advice or support,” she said.

26. What is the mainly discussed in paragraph 1?

(A) You can choose your friends but you cannot choose your family.
(B) Teenagers see situations differently.
(C) Teenagers should not run away from their family.
(D) Teenagers looked at the family as something that limited the room they needed to
maneuver.

27. According to Erna M.K, why do children need to face family problems?
(A) Because running away is not a solution.
(B) Because it is not easy.
(C) Because their parents are too busy
(D) Because they have to talk about their feelings and put their emotions on the table.

28. What happened to teenagers whose family is troubled?

(A) They become aggressive, quiet, uncreative, and less stable emotionally.
(B) They would think that they are the cause of the problems.
(C) They blame themselves.
29. Their home life will hurt their feeling. What should teenagers do if their house is not
conducive enough to study?
(A) They should run away from home.
(B) They get after-school courses.
(C) They should go to student counseling.
(D) They should consider resources and talk to them.

30. Why do students prefer not to go to students counseling?

(A) Because they don’t have the courage to acknowledge and recognize their problems.
(B) Because teachers recognize students who are in difficult situation.
(C) Because have other resources to talk to them.
(D) Because students still see it as a place only for troubled students.

31. What is one of the symptoms of the trouble students who come from dysfunctional
families?
(A) Students exhibit certain behavior.
(B) Students retreat from their surroundings.
(C) Students take negative attitude.
(D) Students stay on track.

32. According to Cedarkuine, what is the indication of hope for students who come from
 dysfunctional family?
(A) Three out of ten students show poor performance in class.
(B) Students get bad grades become withdrawn, seem gloomy or act uninterested in
school.
(C) Some students continue to be among the best students at school.
(D) Some reach out to their friends so they could get help.

33. What does “they” in paragraph 3 refer to?

(A) The problems.
(B) Students with special problem.
(C) Students from broken home families.
(D) Overall students.

34. What is the closest meaning of “gloomy” in paragraph 3? Except

(A) Unpleasant.
(B) Hopeless.
(C) Sad.
(D) Unhappy.

35. What is the best main idea of paragraph three?

(A) Students with family problems cannot perform well in class.
(B) Students without family problems can perform normally at school.
(C) Some students with family problems cannot perform well; while others with
similar problem can perform well.
(D) Some students need support to perform well at school; while others do not really
need support.

TEXT 9

(1) However, while not especially serious, eating onions can also cause problems
for some people. (2) The carbohydrates in onions may cause gas and bloating. (3)
Onions, especially if consumed raw, can worsen heartburn in people who suffer from
chronic heartburn or gastric reflux disease. (4) Moreover, research published in Integrative
Cancer Therapies found that consuming fresh yellow onion helped lessen insulin
resistance.
Eating a large amount of green onions or rapidly increasing your consumption of
green onions may interfere with blood thinning drugs, according to the University of Iowa.
Green onions contain a high amount of vitamin K, which can decrease blood thinner
functioning.
It is also possible to have a food intolerance or an allergy to onions, but cases are
rare. People with onion allergies may experience red, itchy eyes and rashes if an onion
comes into contact with the skin. People with an intolerance to onions may experience
nausea, vomiting and other gastric discomfort.
 People have to make sure their onions are fresh. Onions spoil much faster if they are
chopped or sliced. Research published in the Journal Food Protection that unrefrigerated
yellow onions showed potential growth of E.coli and salmonella, though refrigerated ones
did not.

36. The irrelevant sentence in paragraph 1 is in number ….

A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)

37. The word “can” in paragraph 1 states ….

(A) Ability
(B)Request
(C)Possibility
(D) Suggestion

38. The preceding paragraph would probably discuss about ….

(A) why people should eat onions

(B)the health benef i ts of eating onions
(C)many nutritions contained in raw onions
(D) the health problems when consuming huge amounts of onion

39. If you eat onions, …..

Which statement below is the most suitable to complete the sentence above?

(A) your blood thinning function might get negatively affected.

(B)your chronic heartburn situation will get worsened.
(C)they will cause you allergic reactions such as itchy eyes.
(D) you are not supposed to chop, slice and not refrigerate

TEXT 10

There are many reasons why Japanese people live longer than the rest of us. One
reason might be soybean products like tofu, natto and miso. Scientists from the National
Institute of Health and Nutrition in Tokyo conducted a study into the health benefits of
soybeans and their products. They found that people who regularly ate tofu, natto and
miso were 10 percent less likely to die from common killers than people who ate no
soybean products.
 Furthermore, researchers found that eating soybean-based food lowered the risk of
death from heart attacks, stroke and other cardiovascular problems. They said: "A higher
intake of fermented soy products was associated with a lower risk of mortality."
Soybeans and fermented soybean products are superfoods. They are rich in protein,
fiber and unsaturated fats.They are also a source of potassium and other minerals. Soy
fi ber can help to lower cholesterol and boost weight loss.
(1) Soy is an important part of the cuisine of East Asia, especially in Japan. (2) People in
Asia have eaten soy since ancient times. (3) The most common types of soy products are
tofu (soybean curd), natto (fermented soybeans), miso (a fermented soybean paste added to
soups) and soy sauce. (4) Some scientists say miso is high in salt. (5) Soybean products thus
are becoming more popular around the world.

40. The irrelevant sentence in paragraph 4 is in number ….

A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)

41. Which of the following cannot be concluded about soybean?

(A) It lessens the risk of dying from common killers
(B) It lowers the cholesterol level in one’s body.
(C) It’s good for diet because it helps in losing weight
(D) Japanese do not consume soybean as much as the Koreans.

TEXT 11

Tech company Goggle’s popular word processing software, Goggle Docs, will be
equipped with a feature that suggests ways to improve the quality of your writing in
addition to fixing straightforward grammar and spelling errors. A purple squiggly line
will helpfully appear under suggestions to help make your writing more concise,
inclusive, active, or to warn you away from inappropriate words.
“The feature will give you suggestions when there are opportunities to structure a
sentence with an active voice or when a sentence can be more concise, helping to make
your writing more impactful. Potentially discriminatory or inappropriate language will
be flagged, along with suggestions on how to make your writing more inclusive and
appropriate for your audience,” reads the official blog post about the nifty addition.
These kinds of suggestions have long been available via third-party writing
assistant applications like Grammarly, which is able to integrate with Goggle Docs and
aims to help improve the quality of your writing. Depending on the quality of Goggle
Docs’s native suggestions, it could vastly reduce the need for these third-party services.
This is not the first time that Goggle has turned third-party services unnecessary, and
it’s kind of awful of Goggle to keep doing that, but then again, fierce competition is
always to be expected in the world of tech.
The catch is that Goggle isn’t rolling out this assistive writing feature to all
Goggle Docs users. It says that the feature, called Tone and Style Assistant, will be
available for subscribers of the enterprise and education plans, including “Business
Standard, Business Plus, Enterprise Standard, Enterprise Plus, [and] Education Plus”.
Goggle’s internal list of eligible users has shown that more than ten million Goggle
Docs users are subscribed to those plans, and therefore will get the upcoming assistive
writing feature. However, that means if you’re on a more basic plan like Goggle
Workspace Essentials, you won’t get this neat feature.

42. What does the passage mainly talk about?

(A) Google’s word processing software
(B)a replacement to third-party writing assistant applications
(C)the Tone and Style Assistant
(D) the features of Google Docs

43. From the information provided in paragraph 4, we know that if someone is in the
list of users eligible for the upcoming assistive writing feature, ….

(A) they subscribe to the enterprise or education plan

(B)they will subscribe to the enterprise or education plan
(C)they would subscribe to the enterprise or education plan
(D) they would have subscribed to the enterprise or education plan

44. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ….

(A) third-party writing assistant applications
(B)how to earn money to purchase the enterprise and education plans
(C)how to improve tone and style in writing
(D) what Google Docs’s upcoming assistive writing feature does

45. What most likely motivates the author to write the passage?
(A) The author is an employee of Grammarly.
(B)People’s general writing quality is on the decline
(C)Google is receiving acclaim for releasing its word processing software.
(D) There is a recent announcement from Google

TEXT 12

The Ford Motor Company has revealed plans to invest over $11 billion dollars
in the development and production of electric cars by 2022. The announcement was
made public at the Detroit Motor Show.
 The American car maker plans to produce 16 fully battery-driven vehicles and
24 hybrid cars by 2022. At the moment, the focus is the only Ford car that can be
driven by batteries alone.
(2) Apart from producing electric-driven cars for the North American market,
Ford also aims at increasing sales to China, the largest growing car market in the world.
In addition, it wants to become the world's leader in fuel-ef cient trucks. (3) The car
producer also plans to bring a battery-driven SUV on the market by 2022.
(4) Instead of creating completely new electric vehicles from scratch, Ford
wants to electrify cars that are already popular because people will know what they get
and buy more easily.
Automobile manufacturers around the world are under pressure to develop
electric cars because many large countries, including China, India, France and the U.K.
have said they would phase out vehicles powered by internal combustion engines
within the next two decades. (5) They also face erce competition from companies like
Tesla, a car-maker that specialises in innovative technologies.

“As battery costs are going down rapidly, carmakers may f i n d it easier to produce
electric cars with higher mileage and at cheaper prices.”
46. The sentence above would be best placed after the sentence ….

(A) 2
(B)3
(C)4
(D) 5

47. The phrase “phase out” in paragraph 5 could be replaced by ….

(A) discontinue
(B)continue
(C)change
(D) break

48. From the passage above, we can infer that ….

(A) Ford has plan to upgrade its old products to become electronic ones.
(B)Ford aims to be the world's largest car manufacturer in the world.
(C)Car manufacturers are forced to stop producing cars with internal engines.
(D) The investment done by Ford is expected to produce fully battery-driven
cars.

TEXT 13

In the United States, it's the gas and Thanksgiving dinner and holiday toys. In the
United Kingdom, it's the energy costs and snacks and Uber fares. In Brazil, it's the cost
of food. In Germany, it's fuel, rent, and electronics.
 Consumers around the world are seeing higher prices for goods and services, and
though some reasons for this vary by country, inf l ation is turning into something of a
worldwide phenomenon.
In the US, the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which tracks what consumers pay for
goods and services, rose by 6.2 percent in October compared to a year ago, the fastest
increase since 1990. But other parts of the world are also seeing bumps: The eurozone
(all countries using the euro) saw its inflation at about 4.1 percent, the highest in 13 years.
Covid-19, which has wreaked havoc on global supply chains, gets a lot of the
blame for this. "Underneath it all, the Rey theme is a Covid disruption," said Gregory
Daco, chief US economist at Oxford Economics. "That's the key reason why we're
seeing inf l ationary pressures around the world."
It turns out, the global economy can go a little haywire when a once-in-a-
generation pandemic rolls around. The virus scrambled supply chains, squeezed off
international travel, and shut down businesses and services. Now, even as the world
is recovering from these shocks, Covid-19 is still surging and resurging, and combined
with other disruptions - like climate-related events - supply chains are still trying to sort
themselves out.

49. The author introduces the prime cause of inflation in paragraph

(A) 1
(B)2
(C)3
(D) 4

50. How are paragraph 2 and 3 related?

(A) Paragraph 2 introduces a worldwide event and Paragraph 3 provides the
consequences towards the event.
(B)Paragraph 3 provides evidence for the phenomenon introduced in paragraph 2.
(C)Paragraph 3 states the drawbacks of the phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 2.
(D) Paragraph 2 provides a problem and the solution is given in paragraph 3.

51. The bolded phrase "go a little haywire" can also be replaced with ....
(A) be manageable
(B)have minor issues
(C)be settled
(D) be out of control

52. It can be inferred from the text that ....

(A) Even though inflation is taking place in several countries, they suffer
rising prices for different products and services.
(B)The Consumer Price Index has detected an extreme rise in prices from 13 years
ago.
(C)Covid-19 has not had much impact on disrupting the global economy in the last
year.
 (D) Before the covid disruption, countries have already been experiencing
huge surges of inflation.

TEXT 14

Most people associate the company Michelin with car tyres, guide book and stars for
quality restaurans. However, the French tyre maker is now helping ships to be more
environmentally friendly. The company has tested giant sails that is hopes will make
shipping greener.
Shipping currently produces a lot of carbon dioxide as oil tankers, container ships
and giant cruise ship rely on fussil fuels to more around the world’s oceans. Expert say
the industry produces around 940 million tons of CO2 annually, and that it is
responsible for about 2.5 percent of the world’s greenhouse gasses. Michelin’s
engineers say their revolutionary new sails could reduce the amount of CO2 produced
by the shipping industry by 20 percent.
Michelin is using ancient technology of sails to tackle the most urgent problem
facing the world today-climate change. Boats have used sails for 5.000 years to cross
oceans or travel along rivers. The new Michelin sails are different. They are inflatable.
This means ship’s crew can fill the sails with air to inflate them to full size. The sails
can be deflated quickly if a ship need to sail under a low bridge. The sails Michelin
tested are 280 square meters in size. The company hopes to start of manucfacturing and
selling them in 2022. A company spokesperson said “ Our aim is to contribute to the de-
carbonization of maritime transport.” He added that the good thing about wind is that it
is a free fuel.

53. The noun “the industry” refers to

(A) Michelin
(B)Giant sails
(C)Shipping industry
(D) Giant cruse ships

54. Which of the following is not true about passage?

(A) Michelin is trying to take part in conquering global warming.
(B) Giant sails are believed to be more eco-friendly than the current ones
(C) The shipping industry contributes the most carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
(D) The use of giant sails is considered to be able to reduce fuel consumtion in a ship

55. How does the first sentence relate to the other sentences in paragraph 3
(A) The other sentence vaguely support the idea in the first sentence
(B) The first sentence contains information that contradicts the other sentences
(C) The other sentences explain the impact of using sails to cope up with climate change
(D) The other sentences explain the integration of the ancient technology of sails used by
 Michelin

56. What is the best summary of the passage?

(A) Michelin is trying to take part in climate change by contributing to maritime
transportation. The company hopes that developing giant sails that are fuel free could
help the shipping industry to be greener.
(B) Not only tires, guide book, and restaurants, Michelin is starting to expand its business to
the shipping industry. It believes that the production of new sails could ease shipping
around the world.
(C) Michelin realized the ships that rely on fossil fuels are responsible for greengouse effects
so that the revolution of free fuel ships are needed
(D) While the wold is ecperiencing climate change companies are forced to make new
innovation using ancient technology.

TEXT 15

For decades, libraries have relied on fines to discourage patrons from returning
books late. But a growing number of some of the country's biggest public library
systems are ditching overdue fees after finding that the penalties drive away the people
who stand to benefit the most from free library resources. From San Diego to Chicago
to Boston, public libraries that have analyzed the effects of late fees on their
cardholders have found that they disproportionately deter low-income residents and
children. Low-income residents are those whose annual income is less than 130—150%
of the federal poverty income level.
Acknowledging these consequences, the American Library Association passed a
resolution in January in which it recognizes fines as "a form of social inequity" and calls
on libraries nationwide to find a way to eliminate their fines. "Library users with
limited income tend to stay away from libraries because they may be afraid of incurring
debt," said Ramiro Salazar, president of the association's public library division. "It
stands to reason these same users will also stay away if they have already incurred f i ne
simply because they don't have the money to pay the f i ne."
Lifting fines has had a surprising dual effect: More patrons are returning to the
library, with their late materials in hand. Chicago saw a 240% increase in the return of
materials within three weeks of implementing its fine-free policy last month. The library
system also had 400 more card renewals compared with that time last year. "It became
clear to us that there were families that couldn't afford to pay the fines and therefore
couldn't return the materials, so then we just lost them as patrons altogether," said
Andrea Telli, the city's library commissioner. "We wanted our materials back, and more
importantly, we wanted our patrons back."

57. Which of the following statements is not supported by the passage?

 (A) In a bid to attract patrons, many libraries have stopped charging fines for
overdue books and other materials.
(B)Rather than motivating borrowers to return items on time, penalties deter people
from using the library because of the risk of incurring f i nes.
(C)Libraries that have removed late fees report few adverse effects on material
return rates.
(D) Libraries serving low-income areas have higher average debt amounts and
more blocked users.

58. The bolded word “they” in paragraph 1 refers to ….

(A) cardholders
(B)public libraries
(C)effects
(D) San Diego, Chicago, and Boston

59. Below are the possible advantages of eliminating overdue f i nes, except ….
(A) increasing the return rate of overdue materials
(B)ensuring equitable access to information and knowledge for all patrons
(C)encouraging prior patrons to reconnect with their local libraries
(D) motivating patrons to return books on time

(1) The idea that library fines create barriers to access for marginalized and low-income
people is behind these decisions to nix fees: (2) it is better to encourage patrons to
return borrowed materials, advocates say. (3) A significant portion of outstanding fines
come via harmless infractions. (4) So public-library systems, such as Ottawa’s, are
adopting models that focus on getting books back and levy replacement fees only once a
certain period of time has passed; (5) even then, if the material is eventually returned,
fees are waived.

60. Which sentence uses incorrect subject-verb agreement?

(A) (1)
(B)(2)
(C)(3)
(D) (4)

TEXT 16

A new national study by Stanford researchers showing a woeful inability by high

schoolers to detect fake news on the internet suggests an urgent need for schools to
integrate new tools and curricula into classrooms that boost students digital skills, the
study's authors say. In the largest such study undertaken, researchers from Stanford
Graduate School of Education devised a challenge for 3,446 American high school
students who had been carefully selected to match the demographic makeup of the
American population.
 Rather than conduct a standard survey, in which students would self-report their
media habits and skills, the research team came up with a series of live internet tasks.
One task provided students with a link to the website of an organization claiming
to “disseminate factual reports and sound commentary” on the effects of carbon dioxide
on the environment. Asked whether the website was a reliable source of information,
students were reminded that they were allowed to search online to answer that question.
A basic internet search reveals that the organization behind the site was funded by fossil
fuel companies – but more than 96 percent of students failed to consider these ties in
answering the question.
Another task sought to gauge students’ ability to evaluate the credibility of a
grainy video posted on Facebook that showed clips of poll workers surreptitiously
stuffing ballots into bins. Captions in the video tell viewers that the clips depict the
2016 Democratic primary elections in three U.S. states, though the clips actually show
voter fraud in Russia. Asked whether the video provided “strong evidence” of voter
fraud during the 2016 Democratic primaries, 52 percent of the students said yes.
“By accepting these websites and videos at face value, students are making it too
easy for bad actors to undermine faith in the democratic process,” said Wineburg, the
Margaret Jacks Professor of Education. “Thriving democracies need citizens who can
evaluate and access reliable information.”

61. To conduct the research, which tasks were administered to the students?

1. Distinguishing advertisements from news articles.

2. Judging the quality of the content of social media posts.
3. Evaluating the credibility of an informational website.
4. Assess the trustworthiness of a news article.

(A) 1 and 2
(B)2 and 3
(C)2 and 4
(D) 3 and 4

62. As used in the context, the word “disseminate” in paragraph 2 has the closest
meaning to ….
(A) spread
(B)examine
(C)introduce
(D) argue

63. The tone of this passage could best be described as ….

(A) open-minded
(B)optimistic
(C)encouraging
 (D) concerned

64. What is the main subject of the following sentence?

“Rather than conduct a standard survey, in which students would self-report their media
habits and skills, the research team came up with a series of live internet tasks.”

(A) a standard survey

(B)the research team
(C)media habits and skills
(D) students

TEXT 17

Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how
to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for
better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When
parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are
controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird’s skin to the top portion of the
eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This
temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can
contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt
are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material.
Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom
sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the
water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is
heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation
environment.
In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of
parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators
heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird’s method of
natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching
chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes
outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become
cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting
material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the
wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a
point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be
protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the
growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both
extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft,
secure place to rest.
65. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots’ environment.
(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots’ eggs.
(C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.
(D) Wild parrots’ nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.

66. According to passage, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are
cooler than the top, then

(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation

(B)the embryo will not develop normally
(C)the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position.
(D) the incubation process is slowed down

67. According to passage, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to

(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick
(B)hold the nest together
(C)help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest
(D) make the nest bigger

68. According to paragraph 1, the construction of the nest allows water to

(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest
(B)loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest
(C)keep the nest in a clean condition
(D) touch the bottom of the eggs

69. All of the following are part of a parrot’s incubation method EXCEPT
(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest
(B)arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest
(C)transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell
(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell

70. The word “suspend” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) build
(B)paint
(C)hang
(D) move

71. According to paragraph 2,a deep foundation of nesting material provides

(A) a constant source of humidity
(B)a strong nest box
(C)more room for newly hatched chicks
(D) protection against cold weather
TEXT 18

A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker.
The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by
use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specialized
communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through
choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by
the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are
flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the
utterance. When speaking before a group, a person’s tone may indicate unsureness or
fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and
feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the
conversant’s tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or
antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of
which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of
communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects
by voice and / or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of
singing, the music, in combination with the performer’s skills, personality, and ability
to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic
communication.
Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person’s self-image, perception
of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that
is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few
personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person,
for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker
perceives the listener’s receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation
can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the
speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the
happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities
of the depressed

72. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The function of the voice in performance
(B)The connection between voice and personality
(C)Communication styles
(D) The production of speech

73. What does the author mean by stating that

“At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the
words chosen” paragraph 1
(A) Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are.
(B)The tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words.
(C)A high tone of voice reflects an emotional communication.
 (D) Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas.

74. According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice, may be an indication of a

person’s
(A) general physical health
(B)personality
(C)ability to communicate
(D) vocal quality

75. According to the passage, an overconfident front may hide

(A) hostility
(B)shyness
(C)friendliness
(D) strength

76. According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?
(A) Lethargy
(B)Depression
(C)Boredom
(D) Anger

77. The word “drastically” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) frequently
(B)exactly
(C)severely
(D) easily

TEXT 19

As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States
increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns
and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new
emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for
economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important
means of integrating immigrants into American society.
The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of
the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By
1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year
was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and
vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of
students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes
for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches,
settlement houses, and other agencies.
Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit
the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried
to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial
economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.
Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women,
American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies,
homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly
included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly
industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than
scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a
consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers
cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children “efficiently” in their own homes, or if
economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have
made these notions seem quite out-of-date.

78. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance
of education in the United States was
(A) the growing number of schools in frontier communities
(B) an increase in the number of trained teachers
(C) the expanding economic problems of schools
(D) the increased urbanization of the entire country

79. The word “means” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) advantages
(B) probability
(C) method
(D) qualifications

80. According to the passage, one important change in United States education by the 1920’s
was that
(A) most places required children to attend school
(B) the amount of time spent on formal education was limited
(C) new regulations were imposed on nontraditional education
(D) adults and children studied in the same classes

81. Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned in paragraph 2 to illustrate
(A) alternatives to formal education provided by public schools
(B) the importance of educational changes
 (C) activities that competed to attract new immigrants to their programs.
(D) the increased impact of public schools on students.

82. According to the passage, early-twentieth century education reformers

believed that
(A) different groups needed different kinds of education
(B) special programs should be set up in frontier communities to
modernize them
(C) corporations and other organizations damaged educational progress
(D) more women should be involved in education and industry

TEXT 20

United States citizens have always had a problem relating to the colonial period of their
history. They have often thought that earlier period to be less relevant, less historically
significant, than the later national period of their history. For many, the colonial era lacks
seriousness; it seems trivial and antique and shrouded in nostalgia. For much of United States
history, popular opinion has considered the century and a half of the colonial period to be simply
a quaint prolog to the main story that followed the American Revolution.

In part this is because the colonial period has become a natural source of folklore and
mythmaking. Since the United States, unlike older Western nations, lacks a misty past in which
the historical record is remote and obscure, people have tended to transform authentic historical
figures and events of the colonial past into mythical characters and legends. Unlike England we
have no King Canute, no King Arthur, no Robin Hood to spin tales and legends about. Instead,
we have transformed John Smith and Pocahontas, the Pilgrim Fathers, and Squanto (historical
figures about whom we know a great deal) into fanciful and fabulous characters.

But such has not always been the case. In the decades following the Revolution, the colonial
period was an integral and important part of history.

83. The primary purpose of this passage is to ….

A. argue that colonial history had no influence on later periods in United States history.
B. demonstrate that the colonial history of the United States is a mixture of legends and
myths.
C. present a rationale for teaching future generations of people in the United States about
colonial history.
D. explain why many people in the United States perceive colonial history in a particular
way.
84. The author implies that which of the following is the most direct result of transforming
colonial history into sentimental stories?

A. It makes knowledge of colonial history more accessible to people of all ages.

B. It fills in gaps where no actual historical data are available.
C. It denigrates the work of those who study colonial history.
D. It detracts from the historical significance of the colonial era.

TEXT 21

Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic,
especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or sometimes
stopped. On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental regulations have
resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals
that, depending on their supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices. However, there are
other scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus
conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles really compare with regard
to supply chain vulnerabilities. Randolph Kirchain and colleagues wanted to develop a
comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds that go into all the parts in gas-
powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles'
materials cost vulnerability.

The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000 parts used
to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of electrification,
including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Then, they calculated the amount
of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other materials, in each car type. To
develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each component,
along with its average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015. The results showed that
self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The
largest contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt,
nickel, graphite and neodymium. The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric
vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term supplier
contracts, substituting some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.

85. The author would apparently agree that the relationship between environmental regulations
and the purchase of hybrid vehicles in paragraph 1 is similar to the phenomenon of ....

A. cars and traffic

B. oil and gas stations
C. people and vehicles
 D. gasoline and transportation

TEXT 22

A team led by UC Riverside geologists has discovered the first ancestor on the family
tree that contains most familiar animals today, including humans. The tiny, wormlike creature,
named Ikaria wariootia, is the earliest bilaterian, or organism with a front and back, two
symmetrical sides, and openings at either end connected by a gut. The paper is published today
in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

For 15 years, scientists agreed that fossilized burrows found in 555 million-year-old
Ediacaran Period deposits in Nilpena, South Australia, were made by bilaterians. However, there
was no sign of the creature that made the burrows, leaving scientists with nothing but
speculation. Then, Scott Evans, a recent doctoral graduate from UC Riverside; and Mary Droser,
a professor of geology, noticed miniscule, oval impressions near some of these burrows. With
funding from a NASA exobiology grant, they used a three-dimensional laser scanner that
revealed the regular, consistent shape of a cylindrical body with a distinct head and tail and
faintly grooved musculature. The animal ranged between 2-7 millimeters long and about 1-2.5
millimeters wide, with the largest the size and shape of a grain of rice -- just the right size to
have made the burrows.

"We thought these animals should have existed during this interval, but always
understood they would be difficult to recognize," Evans said. "Once we had the 3D scans, we
knew that we had made an important discovery."

86. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. the descendant on the family tree of familiar animals found in Australia

B. a team led by UC Riverside geologists
C. Australian geologists finding most animals
D. the small ancestor of familiar animals identified in Australia

87. The purpose of the passage is ….

A. to announce how great a team of geologists is

B. to deliver the information about several ancestors
C. to advertise an ancient animal found in Australia
D. to inform the readers about the important discovery

TEXT 23
 Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos and
computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far different
from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes, offices, and schools.
When used wisely, technology and media can support learning children’s relationships both with
adults and their peers.

Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important time to apply
principles of development and learning when considering the use of cutting-edge technologies
and new media as the so-called interactive media. Interactive media refers to digital and analog
materials, including software programs, applications (apps), some children’s television
programming, e-books, the Internet, and other forms of content designed to facilitate active and
creative use by young children and to encourage social engagement with other children and
adults.

When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood programs is built
upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood professionals are aware of both the
challenges and the opportunities, educators are positioned to improve program quality by
intentionally leveraging the potential of technology and media for the benefit of every child.

This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of technology
and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young children’s development.
In this statement, the definition of technology tools encompasses a broad range of digital devices
such as computers, tablets, multi-touch screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices,
cameras, audio recorders, electronic toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still
being used such as tape recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.

By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast television—to

connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it demonstrated the positive
potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded in principles of child
development.

88. How does the second sentence relate to the first sentence in paragraph 2?

A. It shows the importance of interactive media to children’s lives.

B. It argues that interactive media include digital materials only.
C. It explains the definition and examples of interactive media.
D. It states that the children and adults nowadays are familiar with digital technology.

89. The author would apparently agree on the idea that ....

A. digital media can harm learning and relationships

B. technology provides children with enjoyable experiences
C. technology may bring more good than harm when it is used wisely
D. technology can influence the relationships between children and their friends
90. The author holds the assumption that ....

A. interactive media are any kind of media that include hardware and artifacts of education
B. the integration of technology and interactive media in childhood programs leads to
improved program quality
C. applying principles of development and learning of children is secondary in the use of the
interactive media
D. technology and media can be used to facilitate learning and establish better relationships
with other children and adults

TEXT 24

Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of August to
September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million total COVID-19 cases.
Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations, including by Swedish climate activist
Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on August 17 gave the government the green light to
keep the original schedule for the engineer and medical colleges entrance exams.

The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called, are India's
most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation courses generating
millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice Ashok Bhushan said that “the
career of the students cannot be put on peril for long, and a full academic year cannot be
wasted.” The court will not hear any further petitions regarding postponing future exam dates.

According to the Ministry of Education, 74 percent of the students registered to the first of the
JEE took the exam, while an above 80-percent attendance was observed for the NEET exam.
Students are now gearing up for the second stage of the JEE (the JEE Advanced), which will take
place on September 27. Protests against the exam date have dwindled since the Supreme Court
decision.

91. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Indian students were reluctant to join university preparation courses.

B. Indian students were forced to sit the JEE and the NEET exam.
C. The JEE and the NEET are annually held by the Supreme Court.
D. The Supreme Court considered the pleas from society.

92. Which statement is CORRECT based on the passage above?

(A) The exams may be postponed due to the protests against the exam date.
(B)NEET is an entrance university test for both medical and engineering colleges.
 (C)Justice Ashok Bhushan wasn’t concerned about students’ academic and future
careers.
(D) Many Indians demanded rescheduling the exams because of the high rate
of COVID-19 cases.

93. The author’s attitude towards the civils’ protest regarding the exam schedule is ….

A. critical
B. positive
C. objective
D. subjective
E. informative

TEXT 25

The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming
has indeed slowed down this century. An obvious slowing in the rise of global temperatures was
recorded at the beginning of the twenty-first century. This was referred to as a "hiatus" or a
"pause". This hiatus was first observed several years ago. Climate-change skeptics have used this
as evidence that global warming has stopped permanently. But in June the previous year, a study
in science claimed that the hiatus was just an artifact which disappears when biases in
temperature data are corrected.

Now a prominent group of researchers is countering that claim. They argue in Nature
Climate Change that even after correcting these biases the slowdown was real. "There is this
mismatch between what the climate models are producing and what the observations are
showing," says lead author John Fyfe. "We can't ignore it." Fyfe uses the term "slowdown" rather
than "hiatus". He also stresses that it does not in any way weaken global-warming theory.

The study that questioned the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the
surface temperature record maintained by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA). The finding showed differences in temperature readings from ships and
buoys. This effectively increased the record about warming. The researchers also extended the
record to include 2014. This set a new record high for average temperatures.

Thomas Karl, director of National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville,

calculated the rate of global warming between 1950 and 1999 as being 0.113°C per decade. This
was similar to the 0.116°C a decade calculated for 2000-14. This, Karl said, meant that an
assessment done by the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing
that warming had slowed was no longer valid.

94. The passage above mainly discusses about….

 A. the hiatus observation was first carried out several years ago
B. the reason why global warming is slowing down in this century
C. global warming is a verifiable issue in the space of a decade
D. the contention about global warming and whether it is indeed slowing this period

95. Why have some claimed that global warming a fabricated issue?

A. Because there’s no valid data to prove that global warming is real.

B. Since the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature
record upheld by the US NOAA.
C. As an assessment done on Climate Change presenting that warming had slowed was no
longer valid.
D. For the researchers is countering that in Nature Climate Change even after correcting
these biases the slowdown was real.

TEXT 26

Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On
the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For
example, in science and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT
can improve students’ conceptual understanding, problem solving, and team working skills.
Consequently, most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage school
teachers to use them. However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to integrate ICT in
their teaching.

Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change, however, the spread of ICT
is beginning to affect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it
is integrated into the curriculum. The curriculum document provide arguments for introducing
ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education
programs have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case
because most current teachers’ pre-service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were
designed by using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these
courses are not familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of
teaching learning processes based on ICT.

Effective development of pre-service teachers’ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a

direct process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a need assessment is
important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers
of teacher education programs should know the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of ICT and
their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to
consider the two typical arguments that support the ICT use in schools.
96. Which of the following best restates the sentence “Over the last two decades, the use of ICT
has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can
enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” in paragraph 1?

A. ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can develop
teaching and learning upshot.
B. Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and learning end result
C. The use of ICT has been an insignificant topic in education. Also, studies have shown
that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.
D. Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in educational
method.
E. Over the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT can increase teaching and
learning outcomes.

97. Based on the passage, paragraph 1 most likely discusses….

A. educational growth in the last two decades

B. the development of education by using ICT
C. the advantages of using ICT in the learning process
D. teachers need to be trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching

TEXT 27

Just west of Toronto last summer, startled biologists counted more than 20,000 goldfish
in a single urban storm water pond the size of two basketball courts. And the fish, probably
descended from dumped pets, were thriving numerically—some had even grown into three-
pound behemoths. Cities around North America have increasingly been building storm water
ponds in the past 40 years to capture rain and runoff, and invasive goldfish are flourishing in
thousands of them
(1) The storm water ponds are harsh and unstable as the oxygen is low and water levels
fluctuate frequently with rainfall.(2) Yet, goldfish have evolved a special metabolic system that
can sometimes enable them to survive up to five months without oxygen. (3) Through this
destructive behavior, goldfish engineer their habitat in ways that make it worse for other species
that catch prey by sight or depend on sunlight. (4) This makes scientists worry that this latter
ability will give goldfish a competitive advantage over native species as global warming causes
oxygen levels in lakes and rivers to decrease.
(1) As the concern about these potential super invaders grows, there has to be some
prevention measures to manage them. (2) For example, signs could be placed around ponds to
advise fish owners to return unwanted pets to the store or give them to a friend instead of
dumping them. (3) Beyond this public messaging, land developers and engineers may want to
reconsider storm water pond design to keep out goldfish and other invasive species. (4) This
might include building barriers between ponds and adjacent waterways or stocking ponds with
goldfish predators such as largemouth bass, which are already native to the areas involved.
 Scientists are hoping to better understand the threat in order to protect the downstream
native fish nurseries and wet lands. Until then, all stakeholders must do their part to make sure
that the goldfish don’t get into the wild.

98. What is true about the invading goldfish discussed in the text?
A They have been invading the stormwater ponds in North America within the past 40 years.
B Not only did the invading goldfish grow in number, some of them also grew in size.
C Within summer last year, a stormwater pond in Toronto had accumulated about 20,000 goldfish.
D Most goldfish evolved to withstand fluctuating water levels and five months without oxygen
E Engineers should not populate ponds with largemouth bass to keep the gold

99. Which of the following sentences is irrelevant to paragraph 2?

A (1)
B (2)
C (3)
D (4)
E All of the sentences are relevant

100. What is the relationship between sentence (3) “Beyond this...” and (4) “This might..” in
paragraph 3?
A Sentence (4) shows the conditions the idea in sentence (3) is possible.
B Sentence (4) shows possible effects of the idea stated in sentence (3).
C Sentence (4) provides background for the suggestion in sentence (3).
D Sentence (4) disagrees with the possibility presented in sentence (3).
E Sentence (4) provides examples for the suggestion in sentence (3)

101. As the concern about these potential super invaders grows, there has to be some prevention
measures to manage them.

Which of the following uses the word “as” most similarly to the statement above?

A I want to live as someone who doesn’t know how to be afraid of anyone.

B Ten suddenly arrived home as we were leaving for the midnight screening
C Yuta was appointed as a member of the people's representative in New York City
D As I expected, nobody cares about what the poor and needy think in this country
E As Mark gets more popular, he has a harder time managing his priorities.

TEXT 28

Dyslexia occurs on a continuum and there is no “sharp dividing line” between having
dyslexia and having it. In the early years of elementary school, all children are learning to read,
and all are developing their reading skills at different rates. “the behaviors of 4 to 6 year olds
who are at risk for dyslexia are not very different from those of children who are not,” writes
professor Mark Seindenberg, cognitive scientist at the University of Wisconsin, in Language at
the Speed of Sight. “Typically developing children earn to read at different rates for
constitutional and environmental reasons.”
Further, because dyslexia’s symptoms and manifestations can change over time, families,
teachers, and schools understandably struggle to identify dyslexia in children. But the way
dyslexia presents itself in young readers is far from the only hurdle: sometimes elementary
teachers haven’t been given the proper tools to recognize the early warning signs, and many who
recognize the symptoms of reading trouble ahead don’t know how to address those issues.
For example, when Dr. Martha Youman first began her career as a second grade teacher,
she knew that some of her students simply couldn’t read but she didn’t know what to do about it:
“I kept them busy. Truly, there were interventions they needed, I just didn’t know how to help
them,” says Youman, who now treats kids with dyslexia. “I had a master’s in teaching, and
didn’t know how to deal with these students.”

Often the diagnosis of dyslexia comes after months or years of exhausting frustration and
failure for students, parents, and teachers. It’s common for dyslexic children to avoid reading and
become angry or upset in class or when it’s time to do homework or read aloud in front of others.
Sometimes these students are seen as smart but lacking motivation or not working hard enough.
To make things more complicated, dyslexic children often have another developmental disorder
like ADHD alongside their reading challenges. The key to preventing reading failure is early
detection

102. According to the passage, the author implies that teachers of dyslexic students ....

A don’t know how to handle the problems

B equipped with tools to recognize dyslexia
C cannot teach students how to read
D feel exhausted, and frustrated with the students
E recognize the symptoms
103. In sentence “But the way dyslexia presents itself in young readers is far from the only
hurdle: ...” the word ‘hurdle’ is synonymous with ....

A symptom
B problem
C urgency
D danger
E cure
104. What’s the characteristic of dyslexic students? They ....

A read at different rates

B have constitutional and environmental reasons
C recognize the early warning signs
D didn’t know how to help
E become upset to read aloud
105. The paragraph following the passage is ....

A another developmental disorder

 B the kinds of reading challenges
C the causes reading failure
D how to detect dyslexia
E steps to prevent dyslexia

TEXT 29

Information and communication technology has changed rapidly over the past 20 years
with a key development being the emergence of social media. The pace of change is
accelerating. For example, the development of mobile technology has played an important role in
shaping the impact of social media. Across the globe, mobile devices dominate in terms of total
minutes spent online. This puts the means to connect anywhere, at any time on any device in
everyone’s hands. These factors have caused social networks to evolve from being a handy
means for keeping in touch with friends and family to being used in ways that have a real impact
on society. Social media is being used in ways that shape politics, business, world culture,
education, careers, innovation, and more.

The rise of social media means it’s unusual to find an organization that does not reach its
customers and prospects through one social media platform or another. Companies see the
importance of using social media to connect with customers and build revenue. Businesses have
realized they can use social media to generate insights, stimulate demand, and create targeted
product offerings. This is important in traditional brick-and-motor businesses, and, obviously, in
the world of e-commerce.

Many studies suggest implementing social networks within the workplace can strengthen
knowledge sharing. The result is to improve project management activities and enable the spread
of specialized knowledge. Fully implementing social technologies in the workplace removes
boundaries, eliminates silos, and can raise interaction and help create more highly skilled and
knowledgeable workers. Interestingly, although the use of social sharing has become the norm
rather than the exception in business, some companies, after experiencing first-hand some
negative effects of social media, have decided to go against the grain and remove the social
sharing buttons from their websites.

A case study of Taloon.com, an e-commerce retailer from Finland, found that

conversions rose by 11.9% when they removed share buttons from their product pages. These
results highlight the double-edged nature of the impact of social media. When products attract a
lot of shares, it can reinforce sales. But when the reverse is true, customers begin to distrust the
product and the company. This is what Dr. Paul Marsden, psychologist and author of ‘The Social
Commerce Handbook’, referred to as ‘social proof’.

106. The relationship of mobile technology and social media is analogous with ....

A coffee and tea

B travel agent and tourist destination
 C electricity and light
D machine and oil
E camera and film

107. In the passage, in which field is the impact social media discussed in the passage?

A IT
B Culture
C Politics
D Business
E Psychology

108. What is the author’s attitude toward the topic of the passage?

A Serious
B Motivating
C Apathetic
D Critical
E Didactic

109. What is the effect of removing sharing button on their website?

A Removes boundaries
B Eliminates silos, and
C Can raise interaction and
D Help create more highly skilled and knowledgeable workers
E Rising conversion

TEXT 30

Human-induced climate change is causing dangerous and widespread disruption in nature

and affecting the lives of billions of people around the world, despite efforts to reduce the risks.
People and ecosystems least able to cope are being hardest hit, said scientists in the latest
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, released today. The world faces
unavoidable multiple climate hazards over the next two decades with global warming of 1.5 °C
(2.7 °F). Risks for society will increase, including to infrastructure and low-lying coastal
settlements.
Increased heat waves, droughts, and foods are already exceeding plants' and animals'
tolerance thresholds, driving mass mortalities in species such as trees and corals. These weather
extremes are occurring simultaneously, causing cascading impacts that are increasingly difficult
to manage. They have exposed millions of people to acute food and water insecurity, especially
in Africa, Asia, Central and South America, on Small Islands, and in the Arctic.
To avoid mounting loss of life, biodiversity and infrastructure, ambitious, accelerated
action is required to adapt to climate change, at the same time as making rapid, deep cuts in
greenhouse gas emissions. So far, progress on adaptation is uneven and there are increasing gaps
between action taken and what is needed to deal with the increasing risks, the new report finds.
These gaps are largest among lower-income populations.
There are options to adapt to a changing climate. This report provides new insights into
nature's potential not only to reduce climate risks but also to improve people's lives.
"Healthy ecosystems are more resilient to climate change and provide life-critical services such
as food and clean water," said IPCC Working Group II Co-Chair, Hans-Otto Pörtner. "By
restoring degraded ecosystems and effectively and equitably conserving 30 to 50 percent of
Earth's land, freshwater and ocean habitats, society can benefit from nature's capacity to absorb
and store carbon, and we can accelerate progress towards sustainable development, but adequate
finance and political support are essential."

110. What is the purpose of the passage?

A To prove the ecosystems can adapt to climate change by conserving at least 30 to 50
percent of Earth’s land, freshwater, and ocean habitats.
B To show how it is almost impossible to manage the impacts of climate change in
continents outside of Europe.
C To raise awareness on how dangerous the rise of temperature is for food and water
supplies and it can cause hunger and poverty in many continents.
D To ask the government to take action and ambitiously reduce the risks of climate change.
E To inform people that climate change is dangerous, however, it’s still possible to adapt to
the condition.

111. From the passage above, we can infer that IPCC is ....
A an organization made up of countries which are the members of the United Nations
B an NGO consists of environmentalists working to create reports on climate change
C an organization between governments which are responsible to raise awareness on
climate change
D a group of scientists studying climate change and its impact toward the human race
E an eco-friendly group trying to reduce carbon emissions in the atmosphere as an impact
of human activities

112. From the passage we know if the temperature rises, ....

A climate change would be unavoidable and it would impact society greatly
B it will be hard to avoid the lost of life, biodiversity, and the destruction of infrastructure
C people with low income have the highest possibility to survive the impacts of climate
change restoring 30 to 50 percent of land habitat would have been necessary
D ambitious projects to cut greenhouse gas emission will surely fail

113. “They have exposed millions of people to acute food and water insecurity.
”Which sentence best paraphrases the sentence above?

A Insecurity is common among people who cannot access good quality food and water.
B Inequality in actions taken to prevent climate change will cause food and water shortage.
 C Extreme weather has caused food and water scarcity for human beings.
D Human greed will cause millions of people facing food and water shortages.
E Poverty is the main reason why millions of people cannot access good quality food and
water.

TEXT 31

Robert Moog was an American inventor who developed the Moog Synthesizer. It was
one of the first synthesizers to gain widespread use as a musical instrument. Moog’s synthesizers
were an important pa Line of musical innovation in rock and jazz music in the 1960s and 1970s.
Robert Arthur Moog was born in Queens, a borough of New York City 75 years ago. He became
fascinated with electronics as a teenager, particularly an early electronic music instrument called
the theremin. Moog studied physic and electrical engineering at Queens College and Columbia
University, both in New York City and later received a Ph.D. in engineering physic Cornel
University in Ithaca, New York. In 1954, while still an undergraduate student, Moog formed his
own company to sell theremins and theremin kits.

Soon after, Moog began working on a keyboard instrument that could replicate the sound
of any musical instrument electronically. Working with American composer Herbert Deutsch,
Moog introduced the prototype Moog Synthesizer at a convention in 1964. The device
represented a significant advance over previous electronic synthesizer because of its use of new
semiconductor technology, which made it smaller and considerably cheaper than earlier
machines. The Moog, as it was known, was soon in demand by musician all over the world.

In 1964, Moog began a collaboration with American composer and organist Walter
Carlos (now Wendy Carlos), who released the bestselling electronic music album Switched-On
Bachin 1968. Rock groups such as the Beatles and Yes and jazz musicians such as Herbie
Hancock and Chick Corea began incorporating Moog Synthesizer into their recordings, a trend
that increased when the company introduced the compact and portable Minimoog in 1970. A
Moog Synthesizer was also prominently featured on the soundtrack to the movie A Clockwork
Orange in 1971.

114. The passage describes theremin as a/an….

A prototype of Moog Synthesizer
B initial electronic music instrument
C musical instrument to replicate the sound
D instrument of electronic too

115. According to the passage, all of the following are true about The Moog, EXCEPT….
A It was invented by Robert Moog
B It was first introduced in 1964
C It initiated new technology which was smaller and cheaper than previous
 D It was the first synthesizer in the world

116. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses

A collaboration between The Moog and other musicians
B the description of compact and portable Mini Moog
C the improvement of Moog Synthesizer
D trend in the music industry about synthesize

117. the main idea of paragraph 3 is…..

A the Moog’s collaboration in music field
B the Moog in the movie soundtrack
C the introduction of Minimoog
D the collaboration of The Moog with music groups

118. The word “prominently” in paragraph 3 can easily be replaced by..

A significantly
B perfectly
C accurately
D excellently

119. The pronoun “it” in paragraph 2 refers to..

A electronic synthesizer
B a keyboard instrument
C prototype of Moog Synthesizer
D new semiconductor technology

TEXT 32

Throughout history, people have been the victim of pickpockets. Today, pick pocketing is
the one of the most rapidly increasing crimes. Pickpockets are increasing in number and
developing better methods to Line practice their skill. Approximately one million Americans
lose money to pickpockets every year, and none is really safe from a skilled pickpockets. His
victims, or ‘marks’ as they are called, can be rich or poor, young or old.
During the eighteenth century, pickpockets were hanged in England, large crowds of
people would gather watch the hanging, which was supposed to be a warning to other
pickpockets. However, in time the practice was discontinued. The reason: while people were
attentively watching the hanging of a pickpockets, other pickpockets skillfully stole the money of
spectators.
Police official say that the most efficient pickpockets come from South America. Many
of these expert pickpockets are trained in special school called ‘Jingle Bell Schools’. A
pickpocket’s graduate from J. B. S when he is able to steal a wallet from a dresses dummy
(mannequin) that has bells inside its pockets. Even the most well dressed, respectable person
may be a pickpocket. Some of the favorite places of pickpockets are banks, airports, racetrack,
supermarkets, elevators, and train and bus stations. Oftentimes a pickpocket will work with
another pickpockets as his partner. Another kind of pickpockets works outside or inside bars and
specialize in stealing from women is called a ‘purse snatcher’.
To avoid being the victim of a pickpocket, it’s important to be very cautious and alert
when in the midst of large gathering of the people

120. The best title for the passage would be…

A Pickpockets are well dressed
B Jingle Bell Schools
C Pickpockets
D The hanging of pickpockets

121. The hanging of pickpockets were not continued because …

A they were large crowd of people
B it was against humanity
C the police were not at the hanging
D it was not effective to stop pickpocketing

122. The hanging of pickpockets were not continued because ….

A they were large crowd of people
B it was against humanity
C the police were not at the hanging
D it was not effective to stop pickpocketing

123. Pick pocketing is … crime.

A an old
B a modern
C a temporary
D a contemporary

124. The passage mentions that pickpockets steal in/from the following, except
A crowded places
B the shops
C drunkards
D women

125. South Americans pickpockets are the most efficient ones because …
A they are well-trained
B they are handsome
C they are well-dressed
D they are respectable
TEXT 33

The cause of tooth decay is acid, which is produced by bacteria in the mouth. The acid
removes minerals from tooth enamel, allowing tooth decay to begin; the saliva in your mouth
encourages remineralization and neutralizes the acid. The rate at which bacteria in the mouth
produce acid depends on the amount of plaque on the teeth, the composition of the microbial
flora, and whether the bacteria of the plaque have been “primed” by frequent exposure to sugar.
To keep your teeth healthy, a regular dental hygiene program should be followed.
Removing plaque with a toothbrush and dental floss temporarily reduces the numbers of
bacteria in the mouth and thus reduces tooth decay.
It also makes the surfaces of the teeth more accessible, enabling saliva to neutralize acid and
remineralise lesions. If fluoride is present in drinking water when teeth are forming, some
fluoride is incorporated into the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to attack by
acid. Fluoride toothpaste seems to act in another way, by promoting the remineralization of early
carious lesions.
In addition to a regular dental hygiene program, a good way to keep your teeth healthy is
to reduce your intake of sweet food. The least cavity- causing way to eat sweets is to have them
with meals and not between. The number of times you eat sweets rather than the total amount
determines how much harmful acid the bacteria in your saliva produce. But the amount of sweets
influences the quality of your saliva. Avoid, if you can, sticky sweets that stay in your mouth a
long time. Also try to brush and floss your teeth after eating sugary foods. Even rinsing your
mouth with water is effective. Whenever possible, eat foods with fiber, such as raw carrot sticks,
apples, celery sticks, etc., that scrape off plaque, acting as a toothbrush. Cavities can be
greatly reduced if these rules are followed when eating sweets

126. What does this passage mainly discuss?

A Good nutrition
B Food with fiber
C Ways to keep your teeth healthy
D Fluoridization and cavit

127. According to the passage, all of the following statements about plaque are true
EXCEPT…
A it consists of acid producing bacteria
B it is not affected by eating sweets
C it can be removed from teeth by brushing and flossing
D it reduces the positive effect of saliva

128. We can infer from the passage that one benefit of fluoride to healthy teeth is…
A It strengthens tooth enamel
B it stimulates saliva production
C it makes teeth whiter
D It Is a replacement for brushing and flossing in dental care

129. What can be concluded from the passage about sweets?

A All sweets should be avoided.
 B Sweets should be eaten with care.
C It is better to eat sweets a little at a time throughout the day.
D Sticky sweets are less harmful than other sweets

130. According to the passage, the value of eating foods with fiber is that …
A they contain Vitamin A
B they are less expensive than a toothbrush
C they are able to remove the plaque from your teeth
D they contain no sugar

131. The author of the passage states that the amount of acid produced by the bacteria in your
saliva increases …
A with the amount of sweets you eat
B with the number of times you eat sweets
C if you eat sweets with your meals
D if you eat sticky sweets

TEXT 34

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes
sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat,
and egg, for example. Line rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these
foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is
not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually
longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop.
Sometimes it’s hard to figure out if you have a food allergy since it can show up so many
different ways.
Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives,
joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food
allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many
of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines
mature at around seven months.
Breast milk also tends to be protective. Migraines can be set off by foods containing
tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which
contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers,
avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some
people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins,
particularly B6 and niacin
Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially
colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green
peppers, peaches, tea, grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has
written the book Why your Child is 30 Hyperactive. Other researchers have had mixed results
when testing whether the diet is effective

132. The topic of this passage is…

 A reactions to foods
B food and nutrition
C infants and allergies
D a good diet

133. According to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies to foods is due to
A the vast number of different foods we eat
B lack of a proper treatment plan
C the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems
D the use of the prepared formula to feed babies

134. What can be inferred about babies from this passage?

A They can eat almost anything.
B They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.
C They gain little benefit from being breastfed.
D They may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early

135. The word “hyperactive” is closest in meaning to …

A overly active
B unusually low activity
C excited
D inquisitive

136. The author states that the reason that infants need to avoid certain foods related to
allergies has to do with the infants…
A lack of teeth
B poor metabolism
C underdeveloped intestinal tract
D inability to swallow solid foods

TEXT 35

Hotels were among the earliest facilities that bound the United States together. They
were both creatures and creators of communities, as well as symptoms of the frenetic quest for
community. Even in the first part of the nineteenth century, Americans were already forming
the habit of gathering from all corners of the nation for both public and private, business and
pleasure purposes. Conventions were the new occasions, and hotels were distinctively American
facilities making conventions possible. The first national convention of a major party to choose
a candidate for President (that of the National Republican party, which met on December 12,
1831, and nominated Henry Clay for President) was held in Baltimore, at a hotel that was then
reputed to be the best in the country. The presence in Baltimore of Barnum's City Hotel, a six-
story building with two hundred apartments, helps explain why many other early national
political conventions were held there.
 In the longer run, too. American hotels made other national conventions not only
possible but pleasant and convivial. The growing custom of regularly assembling from
afar the representatives of all kinds of groups - not only for political conventions, but also for
commercial, professional, learned, and avocational ones - in turn supported the multiplying
hotels. By mid-twentieth century, conventions accounted for over a third of the yearly room
occupancy of all hotels in the nation, about eighteen thousand different conventions were held
annually with a total attendance of about ten million persons.
Nineteenth-century American hotelkeepers, who were no longer the genial, deferential
"hosts" of the eighteenth-century European inn, became leading citizens. Holding a large stake
in the community, they exercised power to make it prosper. As owners or managers of the local
"palace of the public", they were makers and shapers of a principal community attraction.
Travelers from abroad were mildly shocked by this high social position.

137. The National Republican party is mentioned paragraph 1 as an example of a group

A from Baltimore
B of learned people
C owning a hotel
D holding a convention

138. It can be inferred from the passage that early hotelkeepers in the United States were
A active politicians
B European immigrants
C Professional builders
D Influential citizens

139. Which of the following statements about early American hotels is NOT mentioned in the
passage?
A. Travelers from abroad did not enjoy staying in them.
B. Conventions were held in them
C. People used them for both business and pleasure.
D. They were important to the community