Syllabus 1
Syllabus 1
Regulation - R 22
COURSE STRUCTURE
(Applicable for the batch admitted from 2022-23)
II YEAR II SEMESTER
Course
Course
S. No. Code Title L T P Credits
I Probability Theory and Stoc'hastic Processes 3 0 0 3
2 Electromagnetic Fields and Transmission Lines J 0 0 3
3 Analog and Digital Communications J 0 0 3
4 Linear and Digital IC Applications J 0 0 3
5 Electronic Circuit Analysis 3 0 0 3
6 Analog and Digital Communications Laboratory 0 0 2 1
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Dr.S.Mahesw-ara Reddv Reddy Dr. Manjunath Chari Mr. T. S. Rama Krishna
HOD& BOS Chairman GITAM University DDC(E), Doordarshan, Hyd
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Academic Council
Dr. Vikas Maheswari
Prof & HOD,Member
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BOS Coordinator Alumni Member
Nominee, BVRIT
PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
Course Objectives:
'1. This gives basic understanding of random variabres
and operations that can be performed on
them.
2. To known the Spectral and temporal characteristics of Random process.
3. To Learn the Basic concepts of rnformation theory Noise sources and its representation
for
understanding its characteristics.
Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the students will be able to:
1. Perform operations on single and multiple Random variables.
2. Determine the Spectral and temporal characteristics of Random Signals.
3. Characterize LTI systems driven by stationary randim process by using ACFS and pSDs.
4. Understand the concepts of Noise and rnformation theory in communiiation systems.
Course PO1 P02 PO3 P04 PO5 P06 P07 PO8 PO9 PO '10 PO11 PO12
co'l 3 2
co2 3 2
3 2
c04 J 2
I]NIT.I
Probability & Random variable: Probability introduced through sets and Relative Frequency:
Experiments and Sample Spaces, Discrete and continuous Sample
Spaces, Events, probability
Definitions and Axioms, Joint probability, conditional probability, Total probability,
Baye,s Theorem,
Independent Events
Random Variable-Definition, Conditions for a Function to be a Random
Variablb, Discrete, Continuous
and Mixed Random Variable
UNIT - II
Distribution and Density functions: Distribution and Density functions, properties,
Binomial, poisson,
Uniform, Gaussian, Exponential, Rayleigh, Methods of defining Conditi,oning
Event, Conditional
Distribution, Conditional Density and their properties.
Operations on Single Random Variables
Expected value of a Random variable, Function
of a Random variable, Moments about the origin,
central Moments, variance and Skew, Moment Generating Function,
characteristic Function,
Transformations of a Random variable: Monotonic and Non-monotonic
Transformations.
UNIT - III
Multiple Random Variables
Vector Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function and its properties,
Marginal Distribution
Functions, Conditional Distribution and Density Point Conditioning,
- Conditionai Distribution and
Density - Interval conditioning, Statistical Independence, Sum of rwo
Random variables, Sum of
Several Random Variables, Central Limit Theorem.
Operations on Single Random Variables
Expected value of a Function of Random variables: Joint Moments
about the origin, Joint central
Moments, Joint Moment Generating Function, Joint Characteristic Functions,
Jointly Gaussian Random
Variables: Two Random Variables case, N Random Variable case, Transformations
of Multiple
Random Variables, Linear Transformations of Gaussian Random Variables.
UNIT -IV
Random Processes - Temporal Characteristics: The Random Process Concept, Classification
of
Processes, Deterministic and Nondeterministic Processes, Distribution
and Densiry Functions, concept
of Stationarity and Statistical Independence. First-order Stationary processes, Second-Order
and Wide-
Sense Stationarity, (N-order) and Strict-sense Stationarity, Time Averages
and Ensemble averages,
Ergodicity, Mean-Ergodic Processes, Conelation-Ergodic Processes, Autocorrelation
Function and Its
Properties, cross-correlation Function and lts properties, covariance Functions,
Random Signal
Response of Linear Systems: System Response
- convolution, Mean and Mean-squared value of
System Response, autocorrelation Function of Respohse, Cross-Correlation
Functions of Input and
Output.
UNIT -V
Noise Sources & Information Theory: Entropy, Information rate, Source coding: Huffman coding,
Shannon Fano coding, Mutual information, Channel capacity ofdiscrete channel,
Shannon-Hartley law;
Trade -off betweenbandwidth and SNR.
TEXT BOOKS:
1.Peyton Z. peebles- probability, Random Variables & Random Signal principles,4rh
Ed, TMH,
2001 .
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Bruce Hajck - Random processes for Engineers, Cambridge unipress,
2015
2.Athanasios Papoulis and S. unnikrishna Pillai - Probability, Random variables
and Stochastic
processes, 4ih Ed., pHl, 2002.
3.B.P. Lathi - Signals, Systems & Communications, B.S. publications, 2003.
' 4.S.P Eugene Xavier -statisticar rheory of communication, New Age pubrications,
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Or.S.l,tat.r-rM"aav . M6flunath Chari Mr. T. S. Rama Krishna
HOD& BOS Chairman GITAM University DDG(E), Doordarshan, Hyd
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Dr. Vikas Maheswari
acade-miJ council Prof & HOD,Member
Nominee, BVRIT
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND TRANSMISSION
LINES
Course PO1 P02 P03 P04 P05 PO6 P07 P08 PO9 PO I0 PO11 PO12
co1 3 2 1 1
1
co2 3 3 2 ,|
1
1
co3 3 2 1 1
1
c04 J J 2 1 1 1
LTNIT -I
Electrostatics: coulomb's Law, Electric Fierd Intensity
(Line and surface) Distributions, Erectric Flux Density,
-
Fields due to Different charge
Gauss Law and Applications, Erectric
Potential, Relations Between E and v, Energy Density.
convection and conduction currents,
Dielectric constant, Isotropic and Homogeneous Dielectrics,
continuity Equation, Reraxation
Time, Poisson's and Laprace's Equations, Capacitance paraller plate,
Capacitors.
- coaxial, Spherical
TINIT - II
Magnetostatics: Biot-savart's Law, Ampere's circuital
Law, Magnetic Frux Density,
Magnetic Scalar and vector potentials, Forces due
to Magnetic Fields, Ampere,s Force Law.
T]NIT _ III
Maxwell's Equations (Time varying Fields): Faraday,s Law
and Transformer EMF,
Inconsistency ofAmpere's Law and Displacement
current Density, Maxwell,s Two Equations
for Magnetostatic Fields, Maxwell's Two Equations for Electrostatic
Fields Maxwell,s
Equations in Different Forms, conditions at a Boundary
Surface - Dielectric-Dielectric and
Dielectric-Conductor Interfaces.
UNIT - IV
EM wave Characteristics: wave Equations for conducting and perfect Dielectric Media,
Uniform Plane waves - Definitions, Relation between E & H, Sinusoidal variations,
wave Propagation in Lossless and Conducting Media, conductors & Dielectrics
characterization, wave Propagation in Good Conductors and Good Dielectrics, polarization.
-
Reflection and Refraction ofPlane waves - Normal and oblique Incidences for both perfect
conductor and Perfect Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, critical Angle and rotal Intemal
Reflection, Surface Impedance, Poynting Vector and poynting Theorem.
uNlT - v
Transmission Lines: Types, Parameters. Transmission Line Equations, primary &
Secondary
constants, Equivalent circuit, characteristic Impedance, propagation constant, phase
and
Group Velocities, Infinite Line Concepts, Lossless / Low Loss characterization, condition
for Distortion less line, Minimum Attenuation, Loading - Types of Loading.SC and oC
Lines, ^)J4, N2, )JB Lines, Reflection coefficient, vswR smith chart configuration
- and
Applications. Single Srub Marching.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. William H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck- Engineering Electromagnetics, grh Ed..
McGraw Hill,20l4
2. Matthew N.o. sadiku and S.v. Kulkarni - principles of Electromagnetics, 6th
Ed., OxfordUniversity Press, Aisan Edition, 201 5.
REFERE:{CE BOOKS:
1. JD. Kraus -Electromagnetics with Applications ,5th Ed.. TMH
2 umesh Sinha, Satya Prakashan -Transmission Lines and Networks, (Tech. India
' Publications), New Delhi, 2001.
3. JD Ryder -Networks, Lines and Fields, 2,d Ed., pHI, 1999
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HOD& BOS Chairman
DDG(E), Doordarshan, Hyd
Course Objectives:
1. To develop abirity to anaryze system requirements of Anarog and digitar
communication
systems.
2. To understand the generation, detection of various Anarog and digitar
moduration techniques.
3. To acquire the vortical knowledge of each block in AM, FM transmitters
and receivers.
4. To understand the concepts of baseband lransmissions.
TINIT - I
Amplitude Moduration: Need for modulation, Ampritude Modulation -
Time and frequency
domain description, single tone modulation, power relations in AM
waves, Generation ofAM
waves - Switching modulator, Detection of AM Waves - Envelope
detector, DSBSC
modulation - time and frequency domain description, Generation
of DSBSC waves -
Balanced Modulators, coherent detection of DSB-SC Modulated
waves, SSB modulation _
time and frequency domain description, phase discrimination methods for generating
SSB,
Demodulation of SSB Waves, principle of Vestigial side band
modulation.
UNIT - II
Angle Modulation: Basic concepts of phase Modulation, Frequency
Moduration: Single tone
frequency modulation, Spectrum Anarysis of Sinusoidal FM
wave using Besser functions,
Narrow band FM, wide band FM, constant Average power,
Transmission bandwidth of FM
Wave - Generation of FM Signal- Armstrong Method, Detection
of FM Signal: Balanced
slope detector, Phase locked loop, comparison ofFM and AM., concept ofpre-emphasis and
de-emphasis.
I]NIT - III
Transmitters: classification of rransmitters, AM Transmitters, l.M Transmitters
Receivers: Radio Receiver - Receiver Types _ Tuned radio flequency
receiver, Super
heterodyne receiver, RF section and characteristics -
Frequency changing and tracking,
Intermediate frequency, Image frequency, AGC, Amplitude
limiting, fU neceivel,
Comparison ol A M and FM Receivers.
UNIT.IV
Pulse Modulation: Types of pulse modulation- pAM, pwM and ppM. comparison of FDM
and TDM.
Pulse Code Moduration: pcM Generation and Reconstruction,
euantization Noise, Non-
Uniform Quantization and Companding, DpCM, Adaptive DPCM, DM and
Adaptive DM,
Noise in PCM and DM.
LTNIT - V
Digital Modulation Techniques: ASK- Modulator, coherent ASK Detector, FSK-
Modulator, Non- coherent FSK Detector, BpSK- Modulator, coherent
BpsK Detection.
Principles of QPSK, Differential pSK and
e{14.
Baseband rransmission and optimal Reception of Digitar Signar:
A Baseband Signal
Receiver, Probability of Error, Optimum Receiver, Coherent Reception,
ISI.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Simon Haykin -Analog and Digital Communications, John Wiley, 2005.
2. Wayne Tomasi - Electronics Communication Systems_Fundamentals through
Advanced, 5thEd., pHI, 2009.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Herbert Taub, Donald L Schilling, Goutam Saha, _principles of Communication
Systems, 3'dEd., McGraw-Hill, 2008.
2. Dennis Roddy and John Coolean _ Electronic Communications, 4th Ed., pEA, 200+
3 George Kennedy and Bernard Davis - Electronics & communication System, TMH, 2004
4. K. Sam Shanmugam - Analog and Digital Communication, Willey, 2005
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Dr.S.MaheswE Redav
HOD& BOS Chairman
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Dr. Manjunath Chari
GITAM University
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DDG(E), Doordarshan, Hyd
Dr.
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Academic Council Prof & HOD.Member BOS Coordinator
Nominee, BVRIT
LINEAR AND DIGITAL IC APPLICATIONS
Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the students will be able to
1. A thorough understanding of operational amplifiers with linear integrated circuits.
2. Attain the knowledge of functional diagrams and design applications of lcss5 and lcs65.
3. Acquire the knowledge and design the Data converters.
4. Choose the proper digital integrated circuits by knoiving their characteristics.
Course PO1 P02 PO3 PO4 PO5 P06 P07 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO1 '1
PO12
col 3 3 1
c02 3 3 1
c03 1
co4 3 3 2 I
UNIT - I
operational Amplifier: rdear and practicar op-Amp, op-Amp characteristics, Dc and Ac
characteristics, Features of 741 op-Amp, Modes of operation-lnverting, Non-lnverting, Differential,
lnstrumentation Amplifier, AC Amplifier, Differentiators and lntegrators, comparators, scnmitt rrigger,
lntroduction to voltage Regulators, Features of 723 Regulator, Three Terminal voltage RegulatorJ.
UNIT - II
Op-Amp, lC-555 & 1C565 Applications: lntroduction to Active Filters, Characteristics of Bandpass,
Bandreject and All Pass Filters, Analysis of 1"r order LpF & HpF ButteMorth Filters, waveform
Generators - Triangular, sawtooth, square wave, 1c555 Timer-Functional Diagram, Monostable and
Astable Operations, Applications, 1C565 pLL-BIock Schematic, principle and Applications.
uNlT - t
Data converters: lntroduction, Basic DAc techniques, Different types of DAcs-weighted resistor
DAc, R-2R ladder DAc, tnverted R-2R DAc, Different rypes of ADCS parallet comparator Type
-
ADC, Counter Type ADC, Successive Approximation ADC and Dual Slope ADC, DAC and ndC
Specifications.
UNIT - IV
Combinational Logic lcs: Code Converters, Oecoders, LED & LCD Decoders with Drivers,
Encoders, Priority Encoders, Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, parity Generators/Checkers, Parallel
Binary Adder/Subtractor, Magnitude Comparators.
UNIT - V
sequential Logic lc's and Memories: Familiarity with cdmmonty available 74xx & cMos4oxx
series lcs - All rypes of Flip-flops, synchronous counters, Decade counters, shift Registers.
Memories - Rolvl Architecture, Types of RoMS & Applications, RAM Architecture, static & Dynamic
RAMs.
TEXT BOOKS:
'1. Ramakanth A. cayakwad - Op-Amps & Linear lcs, pHl, 2003.
2. Floydand Jain- Digital Fundamentals, Bih Ed., pearsonEducation,2OOS.
REFERENGE BOOKS:
'r. D. Roy Chowdhury - Linear rntegrated circuits, New Age rnternationar(p)Ltd,2"d Ed., 2003.
2. John. F. Wakerly - Digital Design principles and practices, 3dEd., pearson, ,2009.
3. Salivahana -Linear lntegrated Circuits and Applications, TMH, 200g.
4. william D.stanrey- operationar Ampriflers with Linear rntegrated circuits, 4rhEd., pearson
Education lndia,2009.
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HOD& BOS Chairman
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GITAM University
Mr. T. S. ffi-ma Krishna
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Dr. IbrNimbatel Dr. Vikas Maheswari
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Dr. B. A-n-ft6a
Academic Council Prof & HOD,Member BOS Coordinator Alumni Member
Nominee, BVRIT
ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
B.Tech. ll Year ll Sem. LTPC
300 3
Pre-requisite: Analog Circuits
Course Objectives: Upon compteting this course, the student twill be able to
1. Learn the concepts of Power Amplifiers.
2. To give understanding of tuned amplifier circuils
3. Understand various multivibrators using transistors and sweep circuits.
Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
1. Design the power amplifiers
2. Design the tuned amplifiers and analyse isfrequency response
3. Design Multivibrators and sweep circuits for various applications
4. Utilize the concepts of synchronization, frequency ilivision and sampling gates
Course PO1 P02 P03 PO4 P05 PO6 P07 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
co1 3 3 J I 1
co2 3 3 3 1 2 2 1
c03 3 3 1 2 2 1
c04 3 3 1 3 2 1
UNIT . I
Large signal Amplifiers: class A power Amplifier- series fed and rransformer coupled, conversion
Efflciency, class B Power Amplifier- push pull and complimentary symmetry configurations,
Conversion Efficiency, Principle of operation of Class AB and Class
-C and D Amplifiers.
UNIT. II
Tuned Amplifiers: lntroduction, single Tuned Amplifiers
-e-factor, frequency response, Double
Tuned Amplifiers - Q-factor, frequency response, concept of stagger tuning and synchronous tuning
uNtT -
Multivibrators: Analysis and Design of Bistable, Monostable, Astable Multivibrators and schmitt
trigger using Transistors.
UNIT - IV
Time Base Generators: Generar features of a Time base signal, Methods of Generating Time Base
waveform, concepts of rransistor Miller and Bootstrap Time Base Generator, Methods of Llnearity
improvement.
UNIT - V
synchronization and Frequency Division: Frequency division in sweep circuits, stability of
Relaxation oevices, synchronization of a sweep circuit with syminetrical signals, sine wave
frequency division with a Sweep Circuit.
sampling Gates: Basic operating principles of sampling Gates, unidirectional and Bi-directional
Sampling Gates, Four Diode Sampling Gate, Reduction of pedestal in Gate Circuits
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jacob lvlillman, Christos C Halkias - lntegrated Electronics, , lvlccraw Hill Education.
2. J. l/illman, H. Taub and Mothiki s. prakashRao - purse, Digitar and switching waveforms
-
2'd Ed., TMH, 2008,
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. David A. Bell - Electronic Devices and Circuits, Sih Ed., Oxford.
2. Robert L. Boylestead, Louis Nashelsky - Erectronic Devices and circuits theory, 11th Ed.,
Pearson,2009
3. Ronald J. Tocci - Fundamentals of pulse and Digital Circuits, 3d Ed., 2008.
4. David A. Bell - Pulse, Switching and Digital Circuits, SrhEd., Oxford,2O15.
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Dr.S.Maheswara Reddv Mr. T. S. Rama Krishna
HOD& BOS Chairman GITAM University DDG(E), Doordarshan, Hyd
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Academic Council
Dr. Vikas Maheswari
Prof & HOD,Member
Dr. S ndeep Patil
inator Alumni Member
Nominee, BVRIT
ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS LABARATORY
. All these experiments are to be simulated first either using IMATLAB, COI\/S|[4 or any other
simulation package and then to be realized in hardware
Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student able to:
1 . Design and implement various Analog modulation and demodulation Techniques and observe
the time and frequency domain characteristics
2. Desiqn and implement various Pulse modulation and clemodulation Techniques and observe
the time and frequency domain characteristics
3. Apply different iypes of Sampling with various Sampling rates and duty Cycles
4. Design and implement various Digital modulation and demodulation Techniques and observe
the waveforms of these modulated Signals practically
Course POl PA2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 ?07 POB PO9 PO10 POl'1 PO12
co1 1 3 1 2 2 2 3 2 1
,1
co2 1 3 1 2 2 2 3 2
co3 1 3 1 2 2 2 3 2 1
c04 1 3 1 2 2 2 3 2 1
List of Experiments:
1. (i) Amplitude modulation and demodulation (ii) Spectrum analysis of AM
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HOD& BOS Chaiman GITAM University DDG(E), Doordarshan, Hyd
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Dr- Vik-as Maheswari Dr. Sandeep Patil
Academic Council Prof & HOD,Member Alumni Member
Nominee, BVRIT
LINEAR AND DIGITAL IC APPLICATIONS LABORATORY
Course PO1 P02 Pc4 PO5 PO6 P07 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO'12
co'l 1 0 3 3 I
c02 I 0 3 3 3 3 1
co3 1 0 3 3 J J 1
c04 1 0 3 3 3 1
Note:
. Minimum 12 experiments should be conducted
. Verify the functionality of the lC in the given application.
14. Design an priority encoder using lC 74xx and verify its truth
table.
15. Design a 8x1 multiplexer using digital lCs.
16. Design a 4-bit Adder/Subtractor using digital lcs and Add/Sub the fo owing bits.
(D 1010 (iD0101 (iiD1011
0100 0010 1001.
17. Design a Decade counter and verify its truth table and draw respective waveforms.
18. Design a Up/down counter usinglo74163 and draw read/wrile waveforms.
19. Design a Universal shift register using lC 741941195 and verify its shifting operation.
20. Design a 8x3 encoder/3x8 decoder and verify its truth table.
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,r,rNOSy Dr. Vikas Maheswari o,.ehl
Academic Council Prof & HOD,Member BOS CoordiLator Alumni Member
NominEe, BVRIT
ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS LABARATORY
CouIse Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the students will be able to
'1. Design power amplifiers and find its efficiency
2. Design tuned amplifiers and find its e-factor
3. Design various multivibrators and sweep circuits. understand the necessity of linearity
4. Design sampling gates and understanding the concepts offrequency division
Course PO1 P02 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 P07 PO8 P09 PO1 0 POI 1 PO12
co1 I 0 3 3 1
c02 1 0 3 3 3 1
co3 ,|
0 3 3 3 1
c04 I 0 ., 3 3 1
3 Prove that the comprementary symmetry push pu amprifier eriminate cross over distortion.
. 4. Design class C power amplifier and draw the input and output waveforms
5. Design a Bistable Multivibrator and analyze the effect of commutating
capacitors anddraw the wave forms at base and collector of transistors.
6. Design an Astable Multivibrator and draw the wave forms at base and
collector oftransistors
7. Design a l\4onostable lvlultivibrator and draw the input and output waveforms
8. Draw the response of Schmit trigger for gain of greater than and less than one.
9. Design a Bootstrap sweep circuit using BJT and draw its output time base waveform
10. Design a Mlller sweep circuit using BJT and draw its output time base waveform.
1 1. Prove practically Schmitt Trigger generates square wave
Major Equipment required for Laboratories:
1. Computer System with latest specifications connected
2. Window XP or equivalent
3. Simulation software-Multisim or any equivalent simulation software
4. Regulated Power Suppliers, O-3OV
5. 20 MHz, Dual Channel Cathode Ray Oscilloscopes.
6. Functions Generators-Sine and Square wave signals
7. lvlultimeters
8. ElectronlcComponents
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Dr.S.Maheswara Reddv :lfanjunath Chari
HOD& BOS Chairman
DDG(E), Doordarshan, Hyd
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Dr. lbrd*in\ Patel
Academic Council
Nominee. BVRIT
Dr. Vikas Maheswari o,.eml
BOS Coordinator
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Dr. Sandeep Patil
Alumni Member