A GLOBAL PROVIDER OF

Advanced Drilling Fluids

THE AphronICS™
The Aphron Technology
INVASION CONTROL SYSTEM

Drilling Fluids Technologies (DFT) offers this patented innovative technology that
incorporates uniquely structured micro-bubbles called Aphrons. This solids free bridigning
solution, serve as a first line of defense to prevent leak-off during the initial invasion period
after a drill bit cuts into rock. Our AphronICS™ technology has highly successful field proven
capability in:
• Depleted reservoirs • Shale interbedded reservoirs
• Fractured Formations • Multi-Pressure Zones (can be drilled with ONE MW)
• UBD & MPD alternative • NON Aqueous fluids alternative

Most of drilling issues are related to pressure, (losses, formation damage, differential sticking
and Hole stability). The at balance fluid system: Meaning hydraulic pressure is equalized
between the wellbore and formation, solves the main problem that leads to all these issues.

What is AphronICS™?
Offer the ability to drill variable densities

An at balance fluid system with equalized

hydraulic pressure between the wellbore and forma-
tion.

A solids free system incorporating micro-bubbles

under pneumatic pressures for invasion control.

A fine tuned rheology engineered for minimal fluid loss,

superior hole cleaning and excellent borehole stability

6576 163rd Pl SE, Bellevue, Washington 98006, USA +1 936 333 8888
1409 Pine Oak Place, Edmond, Oklahoma73034, USA +1 405 330 1645
AphronICS™ Low-Shear-Rate Viscosity (LSRV), combined with its stable microbubbles, helps control
losses when drilling through low pressure fractured formations, carbonates or sands. the flexible at
balance fluid enable operators to economically access reserves where depletion has altered the
mechanics of the field, forcing the use of additional casing strings or costly underbalanced-drilling
techniques.

Worlwide in over than 1000 wells, operators have seen the economic advantages of AphronICS™.
Many have been high-angle, horizontal wells, Multi-pressure intervals, wellbore stability and depleted
resrviors, seen reduction in construction days by as much as 50%. In some situations, at least one
casing strings have been eliminated, resulting in even greater cost savings.

6576 163rd Pl SE, Bellevue, Washington 98006, USA +1 936 333 8888
1409 Pine Oak Place, Edmond, Oklahoma73034, USA +1 405 330 1645
Aphron Fluid Technology systems are built with conventional mixing and standard equipment at
drilling rigs. Once the base fluid has been built to a minimum LSRV of 50,000 cPs, the aphron
generating package is added through the mud hopper. The air, shear and pressure drop associated
with mixing through the hopper will create a 6 - 12% volume of aphrons into the base fluid system.
Aphrons aggregate when forced together and function like one large pressure divertng seal. The
Aphron Fluid Technologies are a two phase solution. The technology is focused on improving drilling,
workover and completion operations where significant pressure differentials exist.

The AphronICS™ (Invasion-Control System) is

an engineered drilling-fluid system that
controls loss- es in depleted, high-porosity
sands while stabi- lizing pressured shales. This
means you can use conventional drilling
equipment to successfully complete many
reservoirs that previously would have been
candidates only for underbalanced drilling.
The system increases shale stability, thereby
greatly reducing drilling problems com-
monly associated with laminated sand/shale
se- quences.

Each aphron contains a gas nucleus of

encapsulated air, and this enclosed air
compresses when the microbubbles circulate
down the hole. The internal pressure of
these microbubbles increases at a rate
proportional to the ex ternal pressure being
applied. The combination of increasing
pressure and temperature serve to energize
the individual aphrons.

6576 163rd Pl SE, Bellevue, Washington 98006, USA +1 936 333 8888
1409 Pine Oak Place, Edmond, Oklahoma73034, USA +1 405 330 1645
Once the bit exposes a depleted formation, the aphrons immediately aggregate within the openings
of low-pressure zones. There, a portion of the energy stored within each aphron is released, causing
it to expand. The expansion continues until the internal and external pressures on the wall of the
aphron are in balance.As the energized microbubbles enter formation openings, they carry energy
equal to that of the annulus.

As they crowd into an opening, external Laplace forces increase dramatically, causing aggregation
and an increase in the internal LSRV. The microenvironment created by this phenomenon assists in

reducing fluid invasion.

The AphronICS™ (Invasion-Control System) is an engineered drilling-fluid system that controls losses
in depleted, high-porosity sands, or fractured carbonates while stabilizing pressured sensitive shales.
This means you can use conventional drilling equipment to successfully complete many reservoirs
that previously would have been candidates only for underbalanced drilling. The system increases
shale stability, thereby greatly reducing drilling problems com monly associated with laminated
sand/shale sequences.

The ability of this fluid technology to deliver solids-free invasion control is a key differentiator, the
design involves dynamic, multiple phase flow that controls whole fluid, filtrate, and solids invasion
into your reservoir.
• No Reliance on Size and Shape Dependency
• Improve overall drilling efficiency
• Improve drilling in high angle and horizontal wells
• Eliminate or Reduces lost circulation
• Minimize a risk of differential sticking.
• Minimal formation damage.
• Reduces overall drilling cost.
• Environmentally acceptable
• Reduces cleanup times and costs

6576 163rd Pl SE, Bellevue, Washington 98006, USA +1 936 333 8888
1409 Pine Oak Place, Edmond, Oklahoma73034, USA +1 405 330 1645
PRODUCTS GUIDE
AphronICS.

A solids free invasion control system incorporating microbubbles under pneumatic

Aphron ICS™
pressure, our patanted AphronICS™ has a finely tuned rheology engineered for
minimal fluid loss, superior hole cleaning and excellent borehole stability.

Aphronizer A is a co-associating surfactant package for enhancing the shells

Aphronizer A™
structure of Aphrons. When used in conjunction with Blue Streak, resultant
Aphrons show significant resistance to compression as well as improved sealing
performance when compared to the first generation AphronICS.

ActiGuard™ ActiGuard™ is a proprietary belend of surfactants and vegetable based oils utilised
for the control of swelling and sloughing shales. ActiGuard™ is a key componet
of our Aphron ICS™ fluid technology, it alterantes rock surface provding a
hydrophobic of the fluid.

BlueStreak™ BlueStreak™ Mud Conditioner is a multi-component blend of anionic and

nonionic surfactants and co-surfactants in an aqueous solution. BlueStreak™
works well in all types of water base drilling fluids and is a key component of
our Aphron ICS™ fluid technology.

GoDevil II™ GoDevil II™ is a blend of non-ionic polymers which provide low shear rate
viscosity (LSVR) in drilling fluid systems. GoDevil II™ works well in all types
of water base drilling fluids and is a key component of our Aphron ICS™
fluid technology.

ActiVator I™ ActiVator I is extremely hydroscopic filtrate reducer and thermal stabilizer for
the AphronICS fluid technology. If used in conjunction with ActiVator II, It
controls high pressure –high temperature filtrate loss at temperature to 350F

6576 163rd Pl SE, Bellevue, Washington 98006, USA +1 936 333 8888
1409 Pine Oak Place, Edmond, Oklahoma73034, USA +1 405 330 1645
PRODUCTS GUIDE
AphronICS.

ActiVator II™ ACTIVATOR II A user-friendly blend of buffers and alkalinity agents that eli-
minates the need to hazardous caustics while providing long lasting pH.
Furthermore, ACTIVATOR II provides an enhanced thermal range as high as
350F.

TriCon HT™ is a proprietary blend of synthetic and natural polymers coupled

TriCon HT™
with stabilizers that are designed to enhance the thermal stability and high
temperature fluid loss control of water based fluid systems.

PassiVator I™ PassiVator I™ is a water base mud defoamer. It has been specifically de-
signed for use in a new concept for treating potential foaming problems
in aphron containing water-base fluids.

6576 163rd Pl SE, Bellevue, Washington 98006, USA +1 936 333 8888
1409 Pine Oak Place, Edmond, Oklahoma73034, USA +1 405 330 1645