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Module 1 - intro to ICT 7

Technology and Livelihood Education (Bulacan State University)

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MODULE OVERVIEW

This module covers the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values needed to perform
computer operations which include inputting, accessing, producing, and transferring
data using the appropriate hardware and software.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Input data into computer (TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Id-e-5)
2. Access information using computer (TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ie-f-6)
3. Produce output/data using computer system (TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-If-7)

COMPUTER 7
Quarter 1-Module 1

LESSON 1
THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
Computers in a Changing World
Many scientific and technological advances mark the beginning of the twentieth
century. These advances include inventions such as airplane, television, and most
especially the computer. Computers are changing our lives, they are sweeping away the
old ways of doing things with their superb speed and reliability.
As many of today’s basic functions are being simplified by technology, computers
have been on the forefront in developing innovations through its many functions.
In this digital world, having the knowledge and skills in computer servicing is the
start and most fundamental of all.
Years ago… Today…

www.google.com www.google.com

We use calculator to compute. It takes some We use computers to solve billions of math
time to solve huge amount of numbers. problems.

www.google.com www.google.com
We use landline telephone to call our friend. We use mobile phones to call anyone
anywhere.

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le.com
www.goog

We send our mails through post office. It We send messages through the computer. It
takes several days to received. takes only a few seconds before they are
received.

www.google.com www.google.com
We go to the library to look for information in We search information on the internet.
books.

I. Computer and Its Types

A computer is an electronic machine that

processes and stores information. It takes in raw
information using input devices, stores in the memory
until it is ready to be processed in the processing unit
and sends out results using output devices.

Computers are classified into four (4) different types based on its processing
power and size:

THE TYPES OF COMPUTERS

1. Supercomputer is the fastest and most powerful computer in terms of
performance and data processing. It uses its power to run one program at a time.
Used in:
 Research and exploration
 Weather forecasting
 Nuclear weapon testing

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2. Mainframe computer is not as powerful as the supercomputer. It is designed to

run multiple programs concurrently. It is commonly used in:
 Banks
 Educational Institution
 Insurance companies
3. Minicomputer, also known as “Midrange” computer fill the space between the
mainframe and microcomputer. It is smaller than Supercomputer or Mainframe
computer but bigger and more powerful than the microcomputer. They are generally
used as mid-range servers.
Some of its uses are as:
 Data Management device
 Communications Portal
 Process Control
4. Microcomputer is the most widely used computer – desktop, laptops, tablets, and
smartphones. It is the cheapest among the different classes of computers. This
computer is design for general usage such as entertainment, education and work
purposes.

Basic Parts of a Computer System

II. The Elements of Computer System

A computer system is a collection of entities that are designed to receive,
process, manage, and present information in a meaningful format. It has 3
elements that will make a computer really useful.

Elements of a
Computer
System
Software Peopleware
Hardware

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1. Hardware refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment and devices

which provides support for major functions such as input, process, output and
storage.

Components of Computer
Hardware
Input Output
Device Device

Process Storage
Device Device

A. INPUT DEVICES are composed of a device that accepts data and instructions
from

Keyboard Mouse Scanner Microphone

 A.1. Keyboard
A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter characters
and functions into the computer system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the
primary device used to enter text.

 A.2. Mouse
The mouse is another input device used to point and select objects on the
computer monitor. Using the mouse and keyboard in combination allows the
computer user substantial latitude in how to accomplish a wide variety of
tasks.
 A.3. Scanner
A scanner is use to capture a source document and converts printed data or
images into an electronic data format that a computer can store or process
as required.

 A.4. Microphone
Microphone is used to input sound that is then stored in a digital form. It is
used for various applications such as adding sound to a multimedia
presentation or for mixing music

B. OUTPUT DEVICE is any piece of computer hardware that displays results after
the
Monitor Printer Speaker Projector

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 B.1. Monitor
A monitor is an electronic visual computer display that includes a screen,
circuitry, and the case in which that circuitry is enclosed.

 B.2. Printer
The printer is a device use to print texts and pictures.

 B.3. Speaker
A computer speaker is an output hardware device that produces sound.

 B.4. Projector
A projector is an output device that projects an image onto a large surface, such
as a white screen or wall.

C. PROCESS DEVICE is the computer’s circuitry in the system unit. It plays an

important role in processing operations. It is used to process data, using instructions
from the program.

 C.1. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board – is the main circuit

board of a computer. It contains all the circuits and components that run the
computer.

 C.2. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain”
or “heart” of a computer system. It performs all of the instructions and
calculations that are needed and manages the flow of information through
a computer.

 C.3. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds

data only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are
lost.
 C.4. Video Card/GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) - also called a display
card, graphics card, display adapter, or graphics adapter is an
expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display device
(such as a computer monitor).

SYSTEM UNIT
The system unit, also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is the main part of a
desktop computer. It encloses the motherboard, CPU, RAM, video card, and other
internal components.

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Other Internal Components of the System Unit

a. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to
the motherboard. It converts 220/110vac (standard house power) into DC
voltages that are used by other components in the PC.
b. Heat sink (also commonly spelled heatsink) - is a passive heat exchanger that
transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid
medium, often air or a liquid coolant, where it is dissipated away from the device,
thereby allowing regulation of the device's temperature.
c. Optical Drive - An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data
on the optical media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD),
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).

D. STORAGE DEVICE stores data and programs. These hold data, information, and
programs permanently.

Blu-ray Solid Staate Drive

d.1 Hard d.2 Optical Storage d.3 Flash Memory
Storage
Disk Drive
Magnetic
CD DVD Memory Card USB Flash Drive
Floppy Disk

D.1. Magnetic Storage

D.1.1. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - also known as hard drive,
is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside
the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent
storage for data.

D.1.2. Floppy Disk - is a removable data storage magnetic

medium that housed in a rigid plastic cartridge
measuring
3.5 inches square and about 2millimeters thick. Also
called a "3.5-inch diskette," it can store up to 1.44
megabytes (MB) of data.

D.2. Optical Storage

D.2.1. BD (Blu-ray Disc) – is simply called as Blu-Ray, a digital
optical disc data storage format. It was designed to
supersede the DVD format, and is capable of storing several
hours of video
in high definition.

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D.2.2. CD (Compact Disc) - also called optical disc is a

nonmagnetic, polished metal disk used to store digital
information. The disc is read by the CD- ROM.

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D.2.3. DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) - an optical disc technology with a 4.7
gigabyte storage capacity on a single-sided, one-layered disk, which is enough
for a 133-minute movie.

D.3. Flash Memory

D.3.1. Solid State Drive – is a storage medium that uses non-
volatile memory.

D.3.2. Memory Card – is a solid-state electronic flash

memory data storage device used with digital
cameras, handheld and tablet/mobile computers and
other electronics

D.3.3. USB flash drive - is a plug-and-play portable storage

device that uses flash memory and is lightweight
enough to attach to a key chain. A USB drive can be
used in place of a floppy disk, Zip drive disk, or CD.

HOW THE COMPUTER WORKS?

Data are raw facts about things, events, or activities that are captured,
recorded, and stored on the computer. These can be in the form of words, numbers,
or pictures.

Data become information when these have been arranged or organized to be

of use and to have meaning to the user.

INPUT – in this step, data are entered into the computer through input devices, such
as keyboard and mouse.
PROCESS – is the computer’s method of analyzing, managing, or manipulating data.
The data entered into the computer undergo changes. The Central
Processing Unit (CPU) directs the operation of the input and output devices
to create the needed information.
OUTPUT – You get the output once the computer is finished processing the data. It
could be displayed on the monitor, printed on paper, or heard through
speakers.
STORAGE – The processed data are kept for future use. We use Hard Disk Drive to store
the information.

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COMPUTER 7
QUARTER 1 – MODULE
1 ASSESSMENT

Activity 1: Classification
Directions: Classify the following devices. Write ID for input device, PD for
process device, OD for output device and SD for storage device.
Write your answer on your Computer activity notebook.
1. Mouse
2. Printer
3. Monitor
4. USB Flash Drive
5. Speaker
6. Hard Disk Drive
7. Keyboard
8. SSD
9. Scanner
10. GPU

Activity 2: Complete Me
Directions: Fill in the missing word/s to complete the sentence.

1. A is an electronic machine that processes

information. It takes in raw information using devices,
stores in the memory until it is ready to be processed in the
processing unit and sends out results using devices.
2. A is a collection of entities that are
designed to receive, process, manage and present information
in a meaningful format. It has three elements:
,
, and .
3. A computer refers to the physical, tangible
computer equipment and devices which provides support for
major functions such as , process, , and
storage.
4. Keyboard, mouse, scanner, and microphone are devices.
5. Monitor, printer, speaker, and projector are devices.

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References :

BOOKS

Clifford P. Esteban, The Amazing World of Computers 4 Second Edition, Phoenix

Publishing House, Inc. 927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City

Clifford P. Esteban, The Amazing World of Computers 3 Second Edition, Phoenix

Publishing House, Inc. 927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum-Technology and Livelihood Education Learning

Module-Computer Hardware Servicing-RONALDO V. ROMULO and DEOVER M.
PASCO

Intel Easy Steps A Digital Literacy Program Activity Book, Intel Corporation

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

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PREPARED BY CHECKED BY

JOHN MARK A. JORGE BEJAMEN R. FAVENIR

PRESTOZA OIC PRINCIPAL
09095991274
SUB-TEACHER

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