NEB –XII – Model Question

2079(2023)
Computer Science
Candidates are required to give their answer in their own words as far as
practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Time: -2 hrs. Full Marks: - 50

Group A
Rewrite the correct options of each question in your answer sheet.
(9x1=9)
1. In which normal form of database, atomicity is introduced?
A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth

2. Which of the following techniques is not implemented to protect a

database?
A) Rollback
B) Backup
C) Recovery
D) Firewall

3. Which one of the following SQL commands is executed to display

all the records having a second letter in the LNAME (LAST
NAME) as “A” from the customer table?

A) SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE LNAME LIKE “?A%”;

B) SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE LNAME LIKE “_A%”;
C) SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE LNAME LIKE “A%”;
D) SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE LNAME LIKE “%A”;

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4. Which of the following is an incorrect IP address?
A) 192.168.0.1
B) 192.168.1
C) 172.255.0.0
D) 202.10.79.4

5. Which of the following is a server-side scripting language?

A) JavaScript
B) MySql
C) PHP
D) Jquery

6. Which of the following keywords are used to declare a variable in

JavaScript?
A) int or var
B) float or let
C) var or let
D) char or var

7. Which of the following commands is executed in PHP to

concatenate the variables $x with $y?
A) $x + $y
B) $x=$y
C) concat ($x,$y)
D) $x.$y
8. Which statement is incorrect about the object-oriented
approach?
A) Emphasis is on data rather than procedure.
B) Data is hidden and cannot be accessed.
C) Objects communicate through functions.
D) It supports abstract data but not the class.

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9. Which of the following feasibility study is concerned with cost
benefit analysis?
A) Technical feasibility
B) Economic feasibility
C) Operational feasibility
D) Schedule feasibility
Group B
Short Answer Questions
10. Which type of database system (centralized or distributed) is
mostly preferred by financial institution like a bank? Give any four
suitable reasons.
Answer:
Financial institutions like banks prefer a centralized database system.
Here are five reasons why financial institutions like banks typically
prefer centralized database systems:
Data Security: Financial institutions deal with sensitive information
such as customer financial records, transaction histories, and personal
information. A centralized database system provides a single point of
control, making it easier to secure and protect sensitive information
from unauthorized access, fraud, and cyber-attacks.
Data Integrity: A centralized database system ensures that data is
consistent and accurate. It eliminates the possibility of data
inconsistencies that can arise with multiple copies of data in a
distributed database system.
Regulatory Compliance: Financial institutions are subject to strict
regulatory requirements. A centralized database system can make it

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easier to manage compliance, maintain records, and provide audit trails
for regulatory purposes.
Scalability: Centralized database systems can scale to handle large
volumes of data and high transaction volumes, which is important for
financial institutions that need to support many customers and
transactions.
Operational Efficiency: A centralized database system can simplify
data management and maintenance, reducing the need for multiple
administrators and IT staff. This can result in cost savings and improved
operational efficiency.
OR
Nowadays most of the business organizations prefer applying
relational model for database design in comparison to other models.
Justify the statement with your arguments.
Answer:
Relational databases are widely used by business organizations due to
their several advantages. Here are some reasons why business
organizations prefer applying relational model for database design:
Flexibility: Relational databases are flexible because the data is stored
in tables that can be easily joined together via a primary key or a foreign
key.
Scalability: Relational databases can handle large amounts of data and
can be easily scaled to meet the changing requirements of a business.
Ease of use: Relational databases are easy to use and understand, and
they provide a simple and intuitive way to organize and access data.

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Data integrity: Relational databases enforce data integrity by ensuring
that data is consistent and accurate across all tables.
11. Develop a program in JavaScript to exchange/swap the values of
any two variables.
Answer:
The JavaScript program to exchange/swap the values of any two
variables is:
<html>
<head>
<title> JavaScript program to exchange/swap the values of any two
variables</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
let a = 5;
let b = 10;
console.log("Before swap: a =", a, "and b =", b);
let temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
console.log("After swap: a =", a, "and b =", b);
</script>
</body>
</html>

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 OR
How can you connect a database with PHP? Demonstrate with an
example.
Answer:
To connect MySQL database with PHP, you can use the following
steps:
(1)Create a new PHP file and write the following code to establish a
connection with MySQL:
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "your_username";
$password = "your_password";
$dbname = "your_database_name";

$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password,

$dbname);

if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>
(2) Replace "your_username", "your_password", and
"your_database_name" with your actual MySQL username, password,
and database name.
(3) Save the PHP file and run it in a web browser. If the connection is
successful, you should see the message "Connected successfully"
displayed in the browser.

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12. Describe the concept of Object Oriented and Procedure
Oriented Programming in brief.
Answer:
Object oriented programming is a programming paradigm that was
developed to overcome the drawbacks and limitations of particularly
procedure-oriented programming. The major need for developing such
languages was to manage the ever-increasing size and complexity of
programs.

Procedural programming is a programming paradigm that organizes

software design around procedures. Procedures are self-contained units
of code that perform a specific task. Procedural programming is based
on the concept of "functions" that take inputs and produce outputs.
Functions are called by other functions to perform tasks.

The main difference between OOP and procedural programming is their

approach to code organization. In procedural programming, the program
is divided into small parts called functions. In OOP, the program is
divided into small parts called objects. Procedural programming follows
a top-down approach while OOP follows a bottom-up approach.

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13. Write down any five qualities of good software.
Answer:
Good software is characterized by several key attributes. Here are five
qualities of good software:
Functionality: The software meets the requirements and specifications
that it was designed for, and it behaves as expected when it is used in its
intended environment.
Usability: The software is easy to use and understand, and it provides a
positive user experience.
Reliability: The software is free of defects and it performs consistently
and accurately under different conditions and scenarios.
Performance: The software runs efficiently and quickly, and it can
handle large amounts of data or traffic.
Security: The software is protected against unauthorized access and it
keeps the data and functions safe from malicious attacks.

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14. Explain mobile computing with its advantages and
disadvantages.
Answer:
Mobile computing is the form of human-computer interaction by which
a computer is expected to be transported during normal usages. Mobile
computing is a generic term describing one's ability to use technology
while moving, as opposed to portable which is the only particle for use
while deployed in a stationary configuration.
Advantages
Increase in Productivity- Mobile devices can be used out in the field of
various companies, therefore reducing the time and cost for clients and
themselves.
Entertainment- Mobile devices can be used for entertainment purposes,
for personal and even for presentations to people and clients.
Portability- This would be one of the main advantages of mobile
computing, you are not restricted to one location for you to get jobs
done or even access email on the go.
Cloud Computing- This service is available for saving documents on a
online server and being able to access them anytime and anywhere when
you have a connection to the internet and can access these files on
several mobile devices or even PCs at home.
Quick Service- We can sell a product or give service in quicker time by
using mobile computing.
Social Interactivity – it is very useful tool for social interactivity that
allows for data sharing and collaboration between users.
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Disadvantages
Quality of connectivity: as one of the disadvantages, mobile devices
will need either WiFi connectivity or mobile network connectivity such
as GPRS, 3G and in some countries even 4G connectivity that is why
this is a disadvantage because if you are not near any of these
connections your access to the internet is very limited.
Security concerns: Mobile VPNs are unsafe to connect to, and also
syncing devices might also lead to security concerns.
Power Consumption: due to the use of batteries in these devices, these
do not tend to last long, if in a situation where there is no source of
power for charging then that will certainly be a letdown.
Human interface with device: These are still uncommon; screens are
often too small. Keyboards are impractical, especially one handed.

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 Group C
Give the long answers to the following questions.
15. Why do most of the business organizations prefer setting their
network with the client-server architecture? Write its advantages
and disadvantages.
Answer:
Client-server architecture is a type of computer network architecture
where many clients (remote processors) request and receive service
from a centralized server (host computer). Many business organizations
prefer setting their network with the client-server architecture due to its
several advantages. Here are some advantages and disadvantages of
client-server architecture:
Advantages:
Centralization: The main advantage of client-server network is the
centralized control that it is integrated with. All the necessary
information is placed in a single location.
Security: In client-server network, the data is well protected due to its
centralized architecture. It can be enforced with access controls such
that only authorized users are granted access.
Scalability: Client-server networks are highly scalable. Whenever the
user needs they can increase the number of resources such as clients and
servers.
Management: Since all the files are stored in the central server, it is
rather easy to manage files.
Disadvantages:
Cost: Setting up a client-server network can be expensive as it requires
specialized hardware and software.
Maintenance: Maintaining a client-server network can be complex and
may require dedicated IT staff.
Single point of failure: Since all data and services are centralized on
the server, if the server fails, all clients will be affected.

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16. Develop a program in C using structure to ask the information
of any 12 students with roll_number, name and marks scored in
sub1, sub2, and sub3. Also, display them in proper format along
with the calculation of total and percentage. [Note: the full marks of
each subject is 100].
Answer:
#include <stdio.h>
struct student {
int roll_number;
char name[50];
int sub1;
int sub2;
int sub3;
};
int main() {
struct student s[12];
int i;

// input student data

for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
printf("Enter Roll Number, Name, Sub1 marks, Sub2 marks, Sub3
marks of student %d:\n", i+1);
scanf("%d %s %d %d %d", &s[i].roll_number, s[i].name, &s[i].sub1,
&s[i].sub2, &s[i].sub3);
}
// print student data
printf("\nRoll No.\tName\t\tSub1\tSub2\tSub3\tTotal\tPercentage\n");
for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
int total = s[i].sub1 + s[i].sub2 + s[i].sub3;
float percentage = (float)total / 3;
printf("%d\t\t%s\t\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n", s[i].roll_number,
s[i].name, s[i].sub1, s[i].sub2, s[i].sub3, total, percentage);

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 }

return 0;
} OR
Demonstrate a program in C to create a data file named score.dat to
store students’ information with Reg_no, name, gender, and
address. The program should ask the user to continue or not. When
finished, the program should also display all the records in the
proper format.
Answer:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct student {
int reg_no;
char name[50];
char gender;
char address[100];
};

int main() {
FILE *fp;
struct student s;
char another;
fp = fopen("score.dat", "wb");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("Error opening file.\n");
exit(1);
}
do {
printf("Enter student information:\n");
printf("Reg_no: ");
scanf("%d", &s.reg_no);

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 printf("Name: ");
scanf("%s", s.name);
printf("Gender (M/F): ");
scanf(" %c", &s.gender);
printf("Address: ");
scanf("%s", s.address);
fwrite(&s, sizeof(s), 1, fp);
printf("\nAdd another record (Y/N)? ");
scanf(" %c", &another);
} while (another == 'Y' || another == 'y');
fclose(fp);
fp = fopen("score.dat", "rb");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("Error opening file.\n");
exit(1);
}
printf("\nDisplaying student information:\n");
while (fread(&s, sizeof(s), 1, fp) == 1) {
printf("\nReg_no: %d\n", s.reg_no);
printf("Name: %s\n", s.name);
printf("Gender: %c\n", s.gender);
printf("Address: %s\n", s.address);
}
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}

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