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4b. Increasing and Decreasing Functions and Stationary Points - Answers

This document provides solutions to differentiation problems. It finds derivatives of functions and determines maximums, minimums and points of inflection. It also finds factors of derivatives and solves equations to determine critical points.

Uploaded by

waleedkhan567799
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

4b. Increasing and Decreasing Functions and Stationary Points - Answers

This document provides solutions to differentiation problems. It finds derivatives of functions and determines maximums, minimums and points of inflection. It also finds factors of derivatives and solves equations to determine critical points.

Uploaded by

waleedkhan567799
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PMT

DIFFERENTIATION Answers

dy dy dy dy
1 a = 2x + 6 b = 8x + 2 c = 3x2 − 12 d = 18x − 3x2
dx dx dx dx
2x + 6 = 0 8x + 2 = 0 3x2 − 12 = 0 18x − 3x2 = 0
x = −3 x = − 14 x2 = 4 3x(6 − x) = 0
x=±2 x = 0, 6

dy dy dy − 12
e = 3x2 − 10x + 3 f = 1 − 9x−2 g y = x3 − 3x2 + 3x − 9 h = 1
2
x −2
dx dx dx
dy − 12
3x2 − 10x + 3 = 0 1 − 9x−2 = 0 = 3x2 − 6x + 3 1
2
x −2=0
dx
−1
(3x − 1)(x − 3) = 0 x2 = 9 3x2 − 6x + 3 = 0 x 2 =4
x = 13 , 3 x=±3 3(x − 1)2 = 0 x = 161
x=1

2 a f ′(x) = 4x + 2 b f ′(x) = 6x − 6x2 c f ′(x) = 9x2 − 1


∴ 4x + 2 ≥ 0 ∴ 6x − 6x2 ≥ 0 ∴ 9x2 − 1 ≥ 0
x ≥ − 12 6x(1 − x) ≥ 0 x2 ≥ 19
0≤x≤1 x ≤ − 13 and x ≥ 1
3

d f ′(x) = 3x2 + 12x − 15 e f(x) = x3 − 12x2 + 36x f f ′(x) = 2 − 8x−2


∴ 3x2 + 12x − 15 ≥ 0 f ′(x) = 3x2 − 24x + 36 ∴ 2 − 8x−2 ≥ 0
3(x + 5)(x − 1) ≥ 0 ∴ 3x2 − 24x + 36 ≥ 0 x2 ≥ 4
x ≤ −5 and x ≥ 1 3(x − 2)(x − 6) ≥ 0 x ≤ −2 and x ≥ 2
x ≤ 2 and x ≥ 6

3 a f ′(x) = 3x2 + 4x b f ′(x) = 27 − 3x2 c f(x) = 2x3 − x2 − 4x + 2


∴ 3x2 + 4x ≤ 0 ∴ 27 − 3x2 ≤ 0 f ′(x) = 6x2 − 2x − 4
x(3x + 4) ≤ 0 x2 ≥ 9 ∴ 6x2 − 2x − 4 ≤ 0
− 43 ≤ x ≤ 0 x ≤ −3 and x ≥ 3 2(3x + 2)(x − 1) ≤ 0
− 23 ≤ x ≤ 1

4 a (x + 1) factor ∴ f(−1) = 0
∴ −1 + k + 3 = 0
k = −2
b f ′(x) = 3x2 − 4x
∴ 3x2 − 4x ≥ 0
x(3x − 4) ≥ 0
x ≤ 0 and x ≥ 4
3

 Solomon Press
PMT

DIFFERENTIATION Answers page 2

dy dy dy
5 a = 2x + 2 b = 10x − 4 c = 3x2 − 3
dx dx dx
SP: 2x + 2 = 0 SP: 10x − 4 = 0 SP: 3x2 − 3 = 0
x = −1 x = 25 x2 = 1
∴ (−1, −1) ∴ ( 25 , 1
5
) x=±1
∴ (−1, 6), (1, 2)
dy dy dy
d = 12x2 + 6x e = 2 − 8x−2 f = 3x2 − 18x − 21
dx dx dx
SP: 12x2 + 6x = 0 SP: 2 − 8x−2 = 0 SP: 3x2 − 18x − 21 = 0
6x(2x + 1) = 0 x2 = 4 3(x + 1)(x − 7) = 0
x = − 12 , 0 x=±2 x = −1, 7
∴ ( − 12 , 9
4
), (0, 2) ∴ (−2, −5), (2, 11) ∴ (−1, 22), (7, −234)

dy dy 1 dy − 13
g = −x−2 − 8x h = 3x 2 − 6 i = 6x −2
dx dx dx
1 − 13
SP: −x−2 − 8x = 0 SP: 3x 2 − 6 = 0 SP: 6x −2=0
1 − 13
3
x = − 18 x =2
2
x =3
x = − 12 x=4 x= 1
27

∴ ( − 12 , −3) ∴ (4, −8) ∴ 25


( 271 , 5 27 )

dy dy dy
6 a = 4 − 2x b = 3x2 − 3 c = 3x2 + 18x
dx dx dx
SP: 4 − 2x = 0 SP: 3x2 − 3 = 0 SP: 3x2 + 18x = 0
x=2 x2 = 1 3x(x + 6) = 0
d2 y
= −2 x=±1 x = −6, 0
dx 2
d2 y d2 y
(2, 9): max = 6x = 6x + 18
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
(−1, 2): = −6, max (−6, 100): = −18, max
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
(1, −2): = 6, min (0, −8): = 18, min
dx 2 dx 2

dy dy dy
d = 3x2 − 12x − 36 e = 4x3 − 16x f = 9 − 4x−2
dx dx dx
SP: 3x2 − 12x − 36 = 0 SP: 4x3 − 16x = 0 SP: 9 − 4x−2 = 0
3(x + 2)(x − 6) = 0 4x(x2 − 4) = 0 x2 = 94
x = −2, 6 x = 0, ± 2 x=± 2
3
d2 y d2 y d2 y
= 6x − 12 = 12x2 − 16 = 8x−3
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
(−2, 55): = −24, max (−2, −18): = 32, min (− 23 , −12): = −27, max
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
(6, −201): = 24, min (0, −2): = −16, max ( 23 , 12): = 27, min
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
(2, −18): = 32, min
dx 2

 Solomon Press
PMT

DIFFERENTIATION Answers page 3

dy − 12 dy
g = 1 − 3x h = −8 + 14x − 6x2 i y= 1
2
x2 + 8x−2
dx dx
− 12 dy
SP: 1 − 3x =0 SP: −8 + 14x − 6x2 = 0 = x − 16x−3
dx
− 12
x = 1
3
−2(3x − 4)(x − 1) = 0 SP: x − 16x−3 = 0
x=9 x = 1, 4
3
x4 = 16
d2 y − 32 d2 y
= 3
2
x = 14 − 12x x=±2
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
(9, −9): = 1
18
, min (1, 0): = 2, min = 1 + 48x−4
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
( 43 , 1
27
): = −2, max (−2, 4): = 4, min
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
(2, 4): = 4, min
dx 2

dy dy dy
7 a = 2x − 3x2 b = 3x2 + 6x + 3 c = 4x3
dx dx dx
SP: 2x − 3x2 = 0 SP: 3x2 + 6x + 3 = 0 SP: 4x3 = 0
x(2 − 3x) = 0 3(x + 1)2 = 0 x=0
d2 y
x = 0, 2
3
x = −1 = 12x2
dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
= 2 − 6x = 6x + 6 (0, −2): =0
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
(0, 0): = 2, min (−1, −1): =0 x <0 0 >0
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y dy
( 23 , 4
27
): = −2, max x < −1 −1 > −1 − 0 +
dx 2 dx
dy
+ 0 + ∴ (0, −2): min
dx
∴ (−1, −1): point of inflexion
dy dy dy
d = −12 + 12x − 3x2 e = 2x − 16x−2 f = 4x3 + 12x2
dx dx dx
SP: −12 + 12x − 3x2 = 0 SP: 2x − 16x−2 = 0 SP: 4x3 + 12x2 = 0
−3(x − 2)2 = 0 x3 = 8 4x2(x + 3) = 0
x=2 x=2 x = −3, 0
d2 y d2 y d2 y
= 12 − 6x = 2 + 32x−3 = 12x2 + 24x
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
(2, −4): =0 (2, 12): = 6, min (−3, −28): = 36, min
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
x <2 2 >2 (0, −1): =0
dx 2
dy
− 0 − x −3 < x < 0 0 >0
dx
dy
∴ (2, −4): point of inflexion + 0 +
dx
∴ (0, −1): point of inflexion

 Solomon Press
PMT

DIFFERENTIATION Answers page 4

dy dy dy
8 a = 3x2 + 6x b = 1 − x−2 c = 3x2 − 6x + 3
dx dx dx
SP: 3x2 + 6x = 0 SP: 1 − x−2 = 0 SP: 3x2 − 6x + 3 = 0
3x(x + 2) = 0 x2 = 1 3(x − 1)2 = 0
x = −2, 0 x=±1 x=1
d2 y d2 y d2 y
= 6x + 6 = 2x−3 = 6x − 6
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
(−2, 4): = −6, max (−1, −2): = −2, max (1, 0): =0
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
(0, 0): = 6, min (1, 2): = 2, min x <1 1 >1
dx 2 dx 2
dy
y y + 0 +
dx
(−2, 4) ∴ (1, 0): point of inflexion
(1, 2) y

O (0, 0) x O x
(−1, −2)
O
(1, 0) x

dy − 12 dy
d = 3 − 2x e = 3x2 + 8x − 3 f y = x4 − 8x2 + 12
dx dx
− 12 dy
SP: 3 − 2x =0 SP: 3x2 + 8x − 3 = 0 = 4x3 − 16x
dx
− 12
x = 3
2
(3x − 1)(x + 3) = 0 SP: 4x3 − 16x = 0
x= 4
9
x = −3, 1
3
4x(x + 2)(x − 2) = 0
d2 y − 32 d2 y
= x = 6x + 8 x = −2, 0, 2
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
( 94 , − 43 ): = 27
8
, min (−3, 13): = −10, max = 12x2 − 16
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
y ( 13 , −5 14
27
): = 10, min (−2, −4): = 32, min
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
y (0, 12): = −16, max
(−3, 13) dx 2
d2 y
(2, −4): = 32, min
O x dx 2
( 4
9
, − 43 )
y
O x
(0, 12)
( 13 , −5 14
27
)

O x

(−2, −4) (2, −4)

 Solomon Press

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