Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2013

GCE Chemistry 6CH04/01R

General Principles of Chemistry I
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Summer 2013
Publications Code UA035568
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2013

6CH04_01R
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General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according
to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
 Mark schemes will indicate within the table where, and which strands
of QWC, are being assessed. The strands are as follows:

i) ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and

grammar are accurate so that meaning is clear
ii) select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose
and to complex subject matter
iii) organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist
vocabulary when appropriate

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Using the Mark Scheme

Examiners should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise. This
does NOT mean giving credit for incorrect or inadequate answers, but it does mean
allowing candidates to be rewarded for answers showing correct application of
principles and knowledge. Examiners should therefore read carefully and consider
every response: even if it is not what is expected it may be worthy of credit.

The mark scheme gives examiners:

 an idea of the types of response expected
 how individual marks are to be awarded
 the total mark for each question
 examples of responses that should NOT receive credit.

/ means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full
credit.
( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps
the examiner to get the sense of the expected answer.
Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is
essential to the answer.
ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier
part of a question is used correctly in answer to a later part of the same question.

Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make
sure that the answer makes sense. Do not give credit for correct words/phrases
which are put together in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct
context.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:
 write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to
make the meaning clear

 select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex
subject matter

 organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when

appropriate.

Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in
the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.

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Section A (multiple choice)

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
1 D 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
2 D 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
3 (a) A 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
(b) D 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
(c) A 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
(d) D 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
4(a) B 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
(b) C 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
(c) C 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
(d) B 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
5(a) D 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
(b) C 1

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Question Correct Answer Reject Mark
Number
(c) C 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
(d) C 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
(e) D 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
6 A 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
7 C 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
8 C 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
9 B 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
10 B 1

SECTION A = 20 MARKS

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Section B

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
*11(a) (A green solution) 2
forms a yellow / orange / brown (solution) Red
ALLOW reddish-brown (1) ‘Green(ish)’
with any other
A grey / black precipitate colour
ALLOW silver ppt
ALLOW solid / crystals for precipitate (1) Silver mirror
silver compound

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
11(b)(i) 0.05(00) (mol dm-3) 1

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
11(b)(ii) Amount of silver ion in 10 cm3 = 2
amount of thiocyanate =
5.6 x 0.0200 = 0.000112/1.12 x 10-4 (mol)
1000 (1)

So concentration of silver ion =

0.000112 x 1000 = 0.0112/1.12 x 10-2
(mol dm-3) 10 (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
11(b)(iii) 0.0112/1.12 x 10-2 (mol dm-3) 1

Accept TE = answer to (ii)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
11(b)(iv) 0.0500 – 0.0112 = 0.0388/3.88 x10-2 1
(mol dm-3)

Accept TE = 0.05 - answer to (iii)

Accept answer to (i) – answer to (iii)

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
11(b)(v) Kc = [Fe3+(aq)] [Ag] in numerator 4
[Fe (aq)] [Ag+(aq)]
2+

ALLOW Kc = [Fe3+]
[Fe2+] [Ag+] (1)

= 0.0388
0.01122
= 309.311 = 309 dm3 mol-1

Value (1)

Unit (any order) (1)

Three SF (1)

Accept TE from (iii) and (iv):

( use of 0.1 from (i) gives 708 dm3 mol-1)

If [Ag] is included in the numerator and

taken as =[Fe3+(aq)], then allow unit and SF
marks ONLY, but must either state ‘no units’
or show working

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
11(c)(i) ΔSototal = 8.31 x ln 309 2
= + 47.6(4) / +47.6(5)J mol-1 K-1
OR
= 8.31 x ln 309.311 = +47.6(5) J mol-1 K-1

Accept TE : 8.31 x ln(answer from b(v))

Value (1)

Sign and Unit (any order) (1)

IGNORE sf except 1

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
11(c)(ii) First Mark: 2
One of the products is a solid

OR

Two moles going to two moles but one of

them is a solid

OR

Two moles of solution react to form one

mole of solution / liquid and one mole of
solid (1)

Second Mark
(Hence) RHS more ordered / LHS less
ordered
(1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
11(c)(iii) ΔSosurroundings = ΔSototal - ΔSosystem 1

= +47.6 – (-208.3) = (+)255.9 (J mol-1 K-1)

Accept TE on c(i)

IGNORE sf except 1

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
11(c)(iv) Because ΔSosurroundings = - ΔHo ΔSototal = - ΔHo 3
T (1) T

ΔH= -298 x 255.9 = -76258 (J mol-1 )

= -76.258 (kJ mol-1) (1)

Units if given must be correct

Correct answer with or without working
scores 2 marks

IGNORE SF except 1

As T increases ΔSosurroundings becomes less

positive / decreases
therefore
ΔS total becomes less positive / decreases
ALLOW more negative for less positive (1)

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
11*(d) No change in the titre 2
ALLOW No significant change
Stand alone mark (1)

(though silver solid was removed the

equilibrium constant remains the same so)
the equilibrium concentration(s) would
remain the same (1)

Second mark dependent on first

IGNORE references to temperature

Total for Question 11 = 21 Marks

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
12(a)(i) Aldehydes often contain (carboxylic) acid 1
formed by oxidation (by the oxygen in air)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
12(a)(ii) A larger volume of sodium carbonate (The old stock of) 1
solution is neutralized / a larger volume of aldehyde does not
carbon dioxide forms / faster reaction / react
more effervescence / more vigorous

ALLOW reverse argument for impure

aldehyde

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
12(a)(iii) Na2CO3(aq) + 2C3H7COOH(aq) → NaCO3 2

2C3H7COO(-)Na(+)(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Correct balanced equation (1)

Correct state symbols on correct species (1)

ALLOW
H2O(aq)
C3H7COO(-)Na(+)(s)
C3H7COOH(l)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
12(a)*(iv) 3300 -2500 (cm-1) AND O-H (stretching) COOH (group) 3
(1)

1725 – 1700 (cm-1) AND C=O (stretching) COOH (group)

(1)
ALLOW single numbers or ranges within
these ranges
ALLOW
1300-1250 (cm-1) AND C-O in COOH

Very broad (O-H) due to hydrogen bonding Hydrogen Bonding

(1) in C=O

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
12(a)(v) First mark (stand alone) 3
4 peaks
OR
4 hydrogen environments

ALLOW
4 chemical shifts (1)

Second and Third Marks

Splitting pattern:

(CH3CH2CH2COOH) singlet /1 line 1 split

(CH3CH2CH2COOH) triplet / three lines 3 splits

(CH3CH2CH2COOH) sextuplet / sextet / six lines 6 splits

(CH3CH2CH2COOH) triplet / three lines 3 splits

All four correct (2) any three (1)

ALLOW

No splits, 2 splits, five splits, 2 splits scores 2

1,3,6,3 ‘splits’ scores 1 mark

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
12(b) Start pH at 2.9 4
ALLOW 2—4 (1)

Initial sharp rise to buffer region then Horizontal from

vertical section at 25 cm3 start
ALLOW
Gradual rise to vertical section at 25 cm3(1)

Vertical within pH range 6-11 deviation from

and 2.5-4 units long (1) vertical

End pH value in range 12-13 (1) maximum

before final pH
Graph ending
before 50cm3

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
12(c)(i) White / steamy / misty fumes White smoke 1
ALLOW ‘gas’ for fumes Effervescence
IGNORE correct indicator test on product Just ‘fumes’
Just ‘gas’

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
12(c)(ii) CH3CH2CH2COCl (1) C3H7COCL 2
ALLOW displayed formula

butanoyl chloride (1) Butyl Chloride

ALLOW Butanyl chloride Buthyl Chloride

No TE on incorrect structure

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
12(d)(i) Butan-1-ol Butanol 1
OR Butanal
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH C4H9OH

If 2 answers are given both must be correct

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
12(d)(ii) (Dry) Ethoxyethane / diethylether / Ether 1

OR

C2H5OC2H5 / CH3CH2OCH2CH3

If 2 answers are given they must both be

correct

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
12(d)(iii) The responses are in pairs: a type (1) and 2
an associated justification (1)

Reduction (of butanoic acid) (1)

By addition of hydrogen / loss of oxygen

(1)

OR

Oxidation of lithium tetrahydroidaluminate

/ aluminium hydride / LiAlH4 (1)

By addition of oxygen (1)

OR

(Nucleophilic) addition (1) Any substitution

Electrophilic
- addition
of hydride / H (1)

OR

Redox (1)

Because butanoic acid has been reduced

AND LiAlH4 has been oxidised (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
12(e)(i) (Concentrated / dilute) sulfuric / 2
hydrochloric acid

ALLOW any strong acid

ALLOW ‘acid (catalyst)’ (1) Just ‘catalyst’

Just H+
(heat or boil under) reflux Just ‘boil’
Just ‘distil’
ALLOW Heat / warm (1) High temperature

Elevated temp≤650C Increased

concentration

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
12(e)(ii) 1

Omitted Hydrogen /
sticks

All bonds must be shown except

ALLOW CH3 at either end of molecule.

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
12(e)(iii) Butanoyl chloride / CH3CH2CH2COCl Butyl Chloride 1
ALLOW Butanyl chloride Buthyl Chloride

OR

Butanoic anhydride / ( CH3CH2CH2CO)2O

OR

Specified alkyl butanoate (not methyl

butanoate)

If name and structure are both given they

must both be correct

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
12(e)(iv) Advantage marks are dependent on correct reagent 3
(or near miss e.g. propanoyl chloride) in (iii).
No TE on random answer to (iii) eg H2SO4

Advantages – any two from:

Good
Higher yield / goes to completion/ not an equilibrium yield
reaction / not reversible

No heat / no refluxing / less energy needed

No catalyst needed / faster

By-product is a gas (so easier to separate) (2)

Disadvantage (marked independently of (e)(iii))

any one of:

(Acyl chloride is) more expensive / corrosive

IGNORE
Acyl chloride is toxic / hazardous / harmful
/ difficult to store

OR

toxic /corrosive and HCl /gas / fumes evolved

IGNORE harmful/ hazardous/ dangerous

OR

has lower atom economy (1)

Total for Question 12 = 28 Marks

Total for Section B = 49 Marks

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Section C

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
13(a)(i) 2
Mass of bromobutane = 0.6 x 1.276
(=0.7656 (g)) (1)

Amount of bromobutane = 0.6 x 1.276

137.0
-3
= 5.5883 x 10
= 5.59 x 10-3 / 0.00559 (mol)

OR

Amount of bromobutane = 0.6 x 1.276

136.9
= 5.5924 x 10-3
= 5.59 x 10-3 / 0.00559 (mol)

TE on incorrect mass
ALLOW 6 x 10-3 (mol) (1)

Correct answer with no working scores 2

marks

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
13(a)(ii) 5.5883 x 10-3 x 24 000 3
= 134.12 (134.22 from 136.9)=134 cm3 (1)
ALLOW answer from (i) x 24000

IGNORE SF except 1

Any two from:

Formation of butan-1-ol / other / side Transfer losses

reactions
Gas escapes
Incomplete reaction Gas reacts with
water

Some but-1-ene may remain in solution But-1-ene

(2) condenses
IGNORE
Reaches equilibrium / reaction reversible
But-1-ene reacts with ethanol/ solvent

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
13(b)(i) So [OH╴] remains (effectively) constant Ensure that all 1
C4H9Br reacts
OR
[OH╴] is in excess
[1-bromobutane] is the only variable
[OH╴] does not
IGNORE affect the rate
So [OH╴] is not the limiting factor Just ‘Only
[1-bromobutane]
affects the rate’

Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark

Number
13 3
(b)(ii)

Axes plotted
wrong way
round

‘Volume’
Axes correct with sensible scales to use at least
half of graph paper on both axes (1)

Labels ((Vfinal - Vt) and t) fully correct with units

(1)

All 7 points correctly plotted and smooth curve

drawn (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
13(b)(iii) (Vfinal - Vt) is proportional to the 1
concentration of 1-bromobutane

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
13(b)(iv) Two values 2.5 ± 0.3 (min) 2
(each scores one mark) (2)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
13(b)(v) Answer must be consistent with values in 2
(iv)

Because half lives are constant / similar (1)

The reaction is first order... (1)

If values in (iv) are 2.5 and 5, then:

Reaction is 2nd order because half lives are

increasing scores both marks.

Reaction is 1st order because half lives are

constant scores 1 mark

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
13(c)(i) Order one (1) 2

Any one of:

(Exp 1 and 2) [OH╴] halves and rate halves.
(Exp 1 and 3) [OH╴] 1/5 and rate 1/5
(Exp 2 and 3) [OH╴] 2/5 and rate 2/5

ALLOW reverse logic (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
13(c)(ii) Rate = k[C4H9Br][OH-] 1
IGNORE case of K/k

TE on b(v) and c(i)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
13(c)(iii) dm3 mol-1 min-1 1

ALLOW dm3 mol-1 s-1

any sequence of units

TE on (ii)

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
13(c)*(iv) 3

C2H5

Arrows from OH-to H and from C-H bond to

make additional bond between carbons (1)

Third arrow from bond between carbon and

bromine to bromine (1)

(Because) both 1–bromobutane and hydroxide Both are

ion appear in the RDS involved in the
reaction
ALLOW
Mechanism
Attack of OH- on H is slow, therefore this is the described as
RDS SN2
(Because) both 1–bromobutane and hydroxide
ion appear in the slow step (1)

IGNORE mention of rate equation

Total for Section C = 21 Marks

Total for Paper = 90 Marks

6CH04_01R
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