Resonance Stuffs

Mahin

January 2024

Introduction
Resonance circuits are mainly used in filtering signals in communications, musical instru-
ments, microwave frequency and distinguishing of the very signals. There are only few
terms to care about. They are resonant frequency ω0 , f0 , impedance Z, Voltage
across inductor and capacitor during series resonance |VL |, |VC |, current I, av-
erage power factor P (ω), P (ω0 ) half power frequencies ω1 , ω2 & their relationship
with ω0 , Bandwidth B, Quality factor Q, Current across inductor and capaci-
tor during parallel resonance |IL |, |IC | and last the admittance Y , only for parallel
resonance circuits to make the further calculation convenient.
N.B: Resonance is only applicable in RLC circuits.

Series Resonance
1 Vm2
 
V 1
1. Z = = R + j ωL − 2. P (ω0 ) =
I ωC 2 R
1 Vm
ωL − =0 3. I = |I| = q
ωC 1 2


R2 + ωL − ωC
In resonance circuit,
Vm
this term is zero. 4. |VL | = ω0 L = QVm
R
1  2
5. P (ω) = I 2 R V
√m
2 Vm2
2 7. P (ω1 ) = P (ω2 ) = =
1 2R 4R
6. ω0 = √ , since ω0 = 2πf0
LC
1 Vm 1
∴ f0 = √ 8. |VC | = = QVm
2π LC R ω0 C
√
The half-power frequencies are obtained by setting Z equal to 2R, and writing
s 2
√

1
R2 + ωL − = 2R
ωC

1
Solving for ω we obtain, s 
2
R R 1
ω1 = − + +
2L 2L LC
s 
2
R R 1
ω2 = + +
2L 2L LC

Relation between the half-power frequencies and the resonant frequency ω0 is:

√
ω0 = ω1 ω2

Bandwidth difference between two half-frequencies,

B = ω2 − ω1

Quality factor Q is dimensionless and it is,

1
2
LI 2
Q = 2π 1 2
2
I R( f10 )

2πf0 L
=
R

ω0 L 1
= =
R ω0 CR

As Bandwidth,

B = ω2 − ω2
R ω0
= =
L Q

Or,
B = ω0 2 CR

If the quality factor is Q ≥ 10 we can write down the half power frequencies,

B B
ω1 ≈ ω0 − & ω2 ≈ ω0 +
2 2

2
Parallel Resonance
1. Admittance, 1
3. ω0 = √
  LC
1 1 1
Y = = + j ωC −
Z R ωL Im R
4. |IL | = = QIm
2. Resonance occurs when, ω0 L

1
ωC − =0 5. |IC | = ω0 CIm R = QIm
ωL
ω0 R
s 2
1 1 1 9. Q = = ω0 RC =
6. ω1 = − + + B ω0 L
2RC RC LC
s  2
s 1 ω0
1 1
2
1 10. ω1 = ω0 1 + −
7. ω2 = + + 2Q 2Q
2RC RC LC s  2
1 1 ω0
8. B = ω2 − ω1 = 11. ω2 = ω0 1 + −
RC 2Q 2Q

For high-Q circuits when Q ≥ 10

B
ω1 ≈ ω0 −
2
B
ω2 ≈ ω0 +
2