Dubai Metro – Project Outline

Dubai Metro – Project outline

Red & Green lines under construction
● Red Line – Opened Sept 2009
● Green Line – Opening 2011

Other lines to follow:

● Purple line
– Airport express
● Bl line
Blue li
– Along Emirates Road

Dubai Metro will be:

● Driverless
● Fully-automated
● Longest in the world

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Dubai Metro – Project outline

Red line
● 52 km route
● 42 km viaduct
● 22 overground stations
● 5.5 km tunnels
● 4 underground stations
● 2 depots

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Dubai Metro – Project outline

Green line
● 24 km route
● 16 km viaduct
● 12 overground stations
● 7.0 km tunnels
● 8 underground stations
● 1 depot

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Dubai Metro – Project organisation

Client
Government of Dubai
Roads & Transport Authority

Contractor
Engineer Mitsubishi Corporation /
Systra Parsons Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Kajima – Obayashi – Yapi Merkezi

Designer
Atkins

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Dubai Metro – Geological Setting
Dubai Metro – Geological Setting
Recent
● Unit 1: Dune Sands & Sabkha Deposits

Pleistocene (2 million years)

● Unit 2a(i): Marine Sands, weakly cemented
● Unit 2a(ii): Marine Calcarenite, very weak to weak
● Unit 2b: Aeolian Gypsiferous
yp Sandstone, veryy weak to weak

Mio-Pliocene
Mio Pliocene – Barzaman Formation (20 million years)
● Unit 3: Conglomerates, mudstones and siltstones (Wash from Hazar
Mountains)

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Dubai Metro – Geological Setting

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Dubai Metro – Geological Setting

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Dubai Metro – Geological Investigation
Dubai Metro Ground Investigation

Red Line: Over 1200 boreholes and CPTs

Green Line: Over 600 boreholes and CPTs

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Dubai Metro – Ground Investigation
Cable Percussion Boring & Cone Penetration Testing
● Sands and Weakly Cemented Sands

Rotary Coring
● Sandstone, Calcisilitite, Conglomerate

In situ testing
● SPT
● In situ permeability

Laboratory
y Testing
g
● Moisture Content, PSD, Sulphate, pH on soils
● Point Load,, Unconfined Compressive
p Strength
g on Rock

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Dubai Metro – Ground Investigation

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Dubai Metro – Ground Investigation

Unit 2a(i)

Unit 2a(ii)

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Dubai Metro – Ground Investigation

Unit 2b

Unit 3

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Dubai Metro – Derivation of Design Parameters
Dubai Metro – Derivation of Design
Parameters

• Design parameters derived by Atkins Dubai and agreed with the

Engineer in Dubai

• Atkins Dubai produce a Ground Report and Pile Length Report

• No
N opportunity
t it tot re-negotiate
ti t design
d i parameters
t

• Design
g pparameters in soil and rock derived from SPT- N value and
Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) respectively

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Dubai Metro – Derivation of Design
Parameters

•Φsoil from SPT N-value after Peck

Peck, Hanson and Thorburn
•Φrock from triaxial test results
c rockk from c’
•c’ c = UCSmass(1
(1-sin
sin Φ)/2 cos Φ

•E’
E soilil = 2.3N
2 3N60 MPa
•E’ rock = 215 x UCS0.5

•fs(soil) = 1.6N + 6 kPa after Decourt (1995)

( ) = 02.5 or 0.35 x (UCSdesign
•fs(rock) g )
0.5 after Zhang & Einstein (1998)

•fb(rock) = 2.5 x (UCSdesign)0.5

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Dubai Metro – Derivation of Design
Parameters
Typical Design Parameters
ν γb (Mg/m (kN/ 2)
(M / 3) c’’ (kN/m φ (°)
( ) fs Esv’ Esh’
(kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2)

Soil Unit 1 0.25 1.9 0 30 14 21 15

Unit 2a(i) 0.25 1.9 5 36 38 69 48

Rock Unit 2a 0.2 2.0 72 39 270 180 126

(ii)

Unit 2b 0.2 2.0 60 39 210 167 117

Unit 3 0.2 2.0 90 35 275 215 151

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Dubai Metro – Viaduct Substructure Design
Dubai Metro – Viaduct Substructure Design
Viaduct arrangement
● Precast segmental construction
– Single spans of 20m to 36m
– Twin spans of either 44m+44m or 40m+40m made continuous after deck erection
– 3-span continuous structures made by balanced cantilever method with main spans
of 66m to 74m
– 3-span or 4-span continuous structures of 30m to 36m through elevated stations

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Dubai Metro – Viaduct Substructure Design
Pile design
g
● Single central piers typically 2.2m to 2.8m diameter
● Twin-pile groups, typically 1.6m to 1.8m diameter, used to span over existing services
● 4-pile groups, typically 1.6m to 1.8m diameter, for more heavily loaded internal piers of
continuous spans

● Piles up to 40 metres long

● Lengths determined from critical SLS or ULS cases

– Based on skin friction safety factors of 2.5
and 1.5 respectively
– End
E dbbearing
i iignored
d

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Dubai Metro – Viaduct Substructure Design
Pile Design
g (continued)
( )

● Designed for durability in aggressive environment

– Addition
Additi off waterproofing
t fi membrane
b to
t protect
t t
against chloride attack
– Pile cover of 120mm to protect against sulphate
attack
tt k

● Horizontal g
ground acceleration coefficient of 0.12g
g
(ULS only)
● Centrifugal loading (plan curvature down to 300m)
● Self-weight
Self weight of deck on curved sections of deck
● Wind
● Collision loads
● R il
Rail-structure i
interaction
i

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Dubai Metro – Viaduct Substructure Design

Pile Analysis
• Load effects for reinforcement design generated by analysis using REPUTE
program and verified using PLAXIS, PIGLET & L-PILE

Moment (kNm)

-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000

0

10
epth (m)
De

15

20

25

Repute Piglet L-Pile Plaxis

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Dubai Metro – Viaduct Substructure Design
Pile
e Testing
est g

• 3no piles tested

• Showed 2 x calculated ultimate skin friction and 50% calculated end bearing
• Recommended 0.35 (UCSdesign)0.5 for polymer supported pile shaft and 0.25
(UCSdesign
d i )
0.5 for bentonite supported pile shaft as minimum values

• Recommended Qallow = Qs+Qb/2.5

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Dubai Metro – Viaduct Substructure
Design
Pile Testing (continued)

Pile No. Diameter (m) Length (m) Design SWL Maximum Settlement Settlement
(kN) Test Load at SWL (mm) at Max Load
(kN) (mm)
OP1 2.2 20 13,500 54,000 1.4 6.9

OP3 22
2.2 25 11 000
11,000 24 750
24,750 2 5

OP4 1.5 20 9,500 38,000 2 12

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Dubai Metro – Union Square Station
Dubai Metro – Union Square Station
• First Underground Station to be constructed
• On-line junction of Red and Green Lines
• Internal dimensions 50m x 250m
• Open aspect with few internal columns (25 metre span with internal columns)
• Drive shaft for all Red and Green Line tunnel drives

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Dubai Metro – Union Square Station
Design Considerations
• Wall depth to -44.6mDMD to provide satisfactory FoS against flotation and
reduce water ingress during construction (Tender design had grout plug)
• Base slab design to counteract uplift from 22 metres of water,
water 22.5
5 metres
thick (tension barrettes)
• Wall design for high moments from large spans of slabs, 1200mm thick to
optimise reinforcement density (reverse moment from uplift of base slab)
• Wall design to BS8110 and BS8007 (Reinforcement controlled by 0.2mm
crack width requirement)

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Dubai Metro – Union Square Station

Panel Arrangement – Eastern End of Station Box

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Dubai Metro – Union Square Station

Typical sections through box

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Dubai Metro – Union Square Station
Design analysis
• Wall reinforcement design after CIRIA C580 using PLAXIS
• Flotation design using I. Struct. E. Guidelines for Basement design
• Settlement Analysis using approach after CIRIA C580

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Dubai Metro – Union Square Station
Typical Panel Detail

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Dubai Metro – Questions
Dubai Metro – Substructure design
Seismic analysis
● Nearest fault line is 120 km from UAE – Zargos fault line
● Cautious approach because of use for evacuation – “essential” to AASHTO
● AASHTO defined seismic response spectrum used with A = 0.12g
0 12g
– Site coefficient dependent on bearing type used

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Dubai Metro – Substructure design
Column and pile design
● Once rules established, 1400+ unique foundations designed in 9 months
● Strict control procedures between design team & setting-out team
● Optimisation / automation process developed throughout
– Process of seismic analysis and section checking automated by linked macros
– Enabled p
peak output
p of 100 foundations to be designed
g p
per week

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