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Normal Forms in DBMS

The document discusses normal forms in database management systems. It explains various normal forms including first, second, third, boyce-codd, fourth and fifth normal forms. It also discusses advantages of normalization such as reduced redundancy, improved consistency, simplified design and improved performance.

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Mani Mala
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41 views

Normal Forms in DBMS

The document discusses normal forms in database management systems. It explains various normal forms including first, second, third, boyce-codd, fourth and fifth normal forms. It also discusses advantages of normalization such as reduced redundancy, improved consistency, simplified design and improved performance.

Uploaded by

Mani Mala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Normal Forms in DBMS

Normalization is the process of minimizing redundancy from a relation or set


of relations. Redundancy in relation may cause insertion, deletion, and update
anomalies. So, it helps to minimize the redundancy in relations. Normal
forms are used to eliminate or reduce redundancy in database tables.

Normalization of DBMS
In database management systems (DBMS), normal forms are a series of
guidelines that help to ensure that the design of a database is efficient,
organized, and free from data anomalies. There are several levels of
normalization, each with its own set of guidelines, known as normal forms.
Important Points Regarding Normal Forms in DBMS
 First Normal Form (1NF): This is the most basic level of normalization. In
1NF, each table cell should contain only a single value, and each column
should have a unique name. The first normal form helps to eliminate
duplicate data and simplify queries.
 Second Normal Form (2NF): 2NF eliminates redundant data by requiring
that each non-key attribute be dependent on the primary key. This means
that each column should be directly related to the primary key, and not to
other columns.
 Third Normal Form (3NF): 3NF builds on 2NF by requiring that all non-key
attributes are independent of each other. This means that each column
should be directly related to the primary key, and not to any other columns in
the same table.
 Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF): BCNF is a stricter form of 3NF that
ensures that each determinant in a table is a candidate key. In other words,
BCNF ensures that each non-key attribute is dependent only on the
candidate key.
 Fourth Normal Form (4NF): 4NF is a further refinement of BCNF that
ensures that a table does not contain any multi-valued dependencies.
 Fifth Normal Form (5NF): 5NF is the highest level of normalization and
involves decomposing a table into smaller tables to remove data redundancy
and improve data integrity.
Normal forms help to reduce data redundancy, increase data consistency, and
improve database performance. However, higher levels of normalization can
lead to more complex database designs and queries. It is important to strike a
balance between normalization and practicality when designing a database.
Advantages of Normal Form
 Reduced data redundancy: Normalization helps to eliminate duplicate data
in tables, reducing the amount of storage space needed and improving
database efficiency.
 Improved data consistency: Normalization ensures that data is stored in a
consistent and organized manner, reducing the risk of data inconsistencies
and errors.
 Simplified database design: Normalization provides guidelines for
organizing tables and data relationships, making it easier to design and
maintain a database.
 Improved query performance: Normalized tables are typically easier to
search and retrieve data from, resulting in faster query performance.
 Easier database maintenance: Normalization reduces the complexity of a
database by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable tables, making
it easier to add, modify, and delete data.
Overall, using normal forms in DBMS helps to improve data quality, increase
database efficiency, and simplify database design and maintenance.

First Normal Form


If a relation contain composite or multi-valued attribute, it violates first normal
form or a relation is in first normal form if it does not contain any composite or
multi-valued attribute. A relation is in first normal form if every attribute in that
relation is singled valued attribute .
 Example 1 – Relation STUDENT in table 1 is not in 1NF because of multi-
valued attribute STUD_PHONE. Its decomposition into 1NF has been shown
in table 2.
Example

 Example 2 –
ID Name Courses
------------------
1 A c1, c2
2 E c3
3 M C2, c3
 In the above table Course is a multi-valued attribute so it is not in 1NF.
Below Table is in 1NF as there is no multi-valued attribute
ID Name Course
------------------
1 A c1
1 A c2
2 E c3
3 M c2
3 M c3

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