First Year Engineering, Semester I (All Branches)/2023-24

Mathematics I : Practice Problems

Unit 1: Matrices
1. Show that every square matrix can be uniquely expressed as the sum of symmetric
and skew symmetric matrix.
2. Express each of the following matrices as the sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric
matrix:
3 −2 6 𝑎 𝑎 𝑏
a) (2 7 −1) b) ( 𝑐 𝑏 𝑏)
5 4 0 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐

1 5 7 1 2 2
c) (−1 −2 −4) d) (2 1 2)
8 2 13 2 2 1

3. Show that every square matrix can be uniquely expressed as the sum of Hermitian and
Skew-Hermitian matrix. Express the matrix A as sum of Hermitian and Skew
Hermitian matrix where
3𝑖 −1 + 𝑖 3 − 2𝑖 1 −1 + 𝑖 2 + 3𝑖
a) A=[ 1 + 𝑖 −𝑖 1 + 2𝑖 ], b) A=[ 1 − 𝑖 −𝑖2 −𝑖 ]
−3 − 2𝑖 −1 + 2𝑖 0 2 − 3𝑖 𝑖 0
4. Show that every square matrix can be uniquely expressed as P + iQ where P and Q are
1 + 2𝑖 2 3 − 𝑖
both Hermitian. Hence Express A=[2 + 3𝑖 2𝑖 1 − 2𝑖 ] as above.
1 + 𝑖 0 3 + 2𝑖
5. Verify whether the following matrices are orthogonal and hence find its inverse.
−8 4 1 cos 𝛼 0 sin 𝛼
1
a) 𝐴 = 9 ( 1 4 −8) b) 𝐴 = ( 0 1 0 )
4 7 4 − sin 𝛼 0 cos 𝛼

1 −2 2 cos 𝛼 0 sin 𝛼
1
c) 𝐴 = 3 ( −2 1 2) d) 𝐴 = ( sin 𝜃 sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 −sin 𝜃 cos 𝛼 )
−2 −2 −1 − cos 𝜃 sin 𝛼 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝛼

−2 1 2
1
e) = 3 [ 2 2 1]
1 −2 2

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
6. (a) If 3𝐴 = (−2 1 2) and if 𝐴 is orthogonal, find 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐.
1 −2 2

0 2𝑏 𝑐
(b) If 𝐴 = (𝑎 𝑏 −𝑐) and if 𝐴 is orthogonal, find 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐.
𝑎 −𝑏 𝑐

7. Verify whether the following matrices are unitary and hence find its inverse.
 First Year Engineering, Semester I (All Branches)/2023-24
Mathematics I : Practice Problems

1 −𝑖 −1 + 𝑖 0 1 0
1
a) 𝐴 = 2 ( 𝑖 1 1+𝑖 ) b) 𝐴 = (0 0 1)
1+𝑖 −1 + 𝑖 0 1 0 0

1+𝑖 −1+𝑖
1
√2 −𝑖√2 0
2 2
c) 𝐴 = 2 [𝑖√2 −√2 0] d) 𝐴 = [1+𝑖 1−𝑖
]
0 0 2 2 2

1 1 1
1
8. Prove that U= (1 𝑤 𝑤 2 ) is unitary and hence find its inverse, where 𝑤 is
√3
1 𝑤2 𝑤
the complex cube root of unity.

0 1 + 2𝑖
9. If 𝑁 = [ ] then show that (𝐼 − 𝑁)(𝐼 + 𝑁)−1 is a unitary matrix.
−1 + 2𝑖 0

10. Determine the rank of the following matrices by row echelon form:
0 1 −3 −1
1 2 3
1 0 1 1
a) 𝐴 = (1 4 2) b) 𝐴 = ( )
3 1 0 2
2 6 5
1 1 −2 0

2 4 3 2
1 2 3
3 6 5 2
c) 𝐴 = (2 4 7) d) 𝐴 = ( )
2 5 2 −3
3 6 10
4 5 14 14

0 −1 2 3 3 −2 0 −1
2 3 4 5 0 2 2 1
e) 𝐴 = [ ] f) 𝐴 = [ ]
1 3 −1 2 1 −2 −3 2
3 2 4 1 0 1 2 1

2 3 −1 −1
1 −1 −2 −4
g) ( )
3 1 3 −2
6 3 0 −7
2 −4 3 0
1 1 −1 1
1 −2 1 2
h) [1 −1 2 −1] i) ( )
0 1 −1 1
3 1 0 1
4 −7 4 5

1 1 2 1 2 3 −4
j) 𝐴 = (1 2 3) k) 𝐴 = ( 2 1 4 −5)
0 −1 −1 −1 −5 −5 7

1 1 1 1 2 3 2
l) 𝐴 = (1 −1 −1) m) 𝐴 = (2 3 5 1)
3 1 3 1 3 4 5
 First Year Engineering, Semester I (All Branches)/2023-24
Mathematics I : Practice Problems

11. Solve the following system of linear equations.

a) 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 3, 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = −3, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4.
b) 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 3, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 5, 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 5𝑧 = −13.

12. Solve the following system of homogeneous linear equation.

a) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0, 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 0, 7𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 12𝑧 = 0.
b) 3 𝑥 + 2𝑧 + 2𝑤 = 0, −𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 4𝑧 + 9𝑤 = 0, 7𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 5𝑤 = 0.

13. Determine the values of 𝜆 for which the following sets of equations may possess a
non-trivial solution. For each permissible value of 𝜆, determine the general solution.
3𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 𝜆𝑥3 = 0, 4𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 − 3𝑥3 = 0, 2𝜆𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 + 𝜆𝑥3 = 0.

14. Determine the values of 𝑎 for which the following sets of equations may possess a
non-trivial solution. For each permissible value of 𝑎, determine the general solution.
𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 4, 2𝑥1 − 𝑥2 − 2𝑥3 = 𝑎2 , −𝑥1 − 7𝑥2 − 11𝑥3 = 𝑎.

15. Test for consistency and solve the given system of nonhomogeneous linear equation.
a) 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 4, 3𝑥 + 26𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 9, 7𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 5.
b) 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = −11, 6𝑥 + 20𝑦 − 6𝑧 = −3, 6𝑦 − 18𝑧 = −1.

16. Investigate the value of 𝜆 and 𝜇 so that the equations

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 9, 7𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 8, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 𝜇
have (i) no solution, (ii) a unique solution, (iii) an infinite number of solutions.

17. Find the value of 𝐾 so that the equations

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 − 5𝑡 = 3, 𝑦 − 4𝑧 + 𝑡 = 1, 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 8𝑧 − 9𝑡 = 𝐾
have (i) no solution, (ii) an infinite number of solutions.

18. Determine for what value of 𝜆 and 𝜇 the following equations have
i) no solution, (ii) a unique solution, (iii) an infinite number of solutions.
x + y + z = 6, x + 2y + 3z =10, x + 2y + 𝜆z = 𝜇.

19. Are the following vectors linearly dependent. If so, express one of these as a linear
combination of others.
a) (3,2,7), (2,4,1), (1, −2,6).
b) (2, −1,3,2), (1,3,4,2), (2, −5,2,2).
c) (1,1, −1), (2, −3,5), (2, −1,4).
d) (1,2,4), (2, −1,3), (0,1,2), (−3,7,2).
e) (1,0,2,1), (3,1,2,1), (4,6,2, −4), (−6,0, −3, −4).
f) (1, −1,1), (2,1,1), (3,0,2).
g) (1, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1).
h) (1, 2, 3), (−2, 5, 0), (−1, 1, −1).
 First Year Engineering, Semester I (All Branches)/2023-24
Mathematics I : Practice Problems

Unit 2: Complex Numbers

5 tan 𝜃−10 tan3 𝜃+tan5 𝜃
1. Use De Moivre’s theorem to show that tan 5𝜃 = 1−10 tan2 𝜃+5 tan4 𝜃
𝜋 𝜋
Hence deduce that 5 tan4 10 − 10 tan2 10 +1 =0
2. Using De Moivre’s theorem prove that
2(1 + cos 8𝜃 ) = (𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 2)2 where 𝑥 = 2 cos 𝜃
sin 7𝜃
3. Prove that = 7 − 56 sin2 𝜃 + 112 sin4 𝜃 − 64 sin6 𝜃
sin 𝜃
7
4. Expand 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 in a series of cosines of multiples of 𝜃
1
5. Prove that sin6 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 = 27 (5 − 4 cos 2𝜃 − 4 cos 4𝜃 + 4 cos 6𝜃 − cos 8𝜃) .
1+cos 9𝐴
6. Prove that = [16cos 4 𝐴 − 8cos3 𝐴 − 12cos 2 𝐴 + 4 cos 𝐴 + 1]2
1+cos 𝐴
1
7. Using De Moivre’s theorem prove that cos 6 𝜃 + sin6 𝜃 = 8 (3 cos 4𝜃 + 5)
8. If sin4 𝜃 cos3 𝜃 = 𝑎1 cos 𝜃 + 𝑎3 cos 3𝜃 + 𝑎5 cos 5𝜃 + 𝑎7 cos 7𝜃 , prove that
𝑎1 + 9𝑎3 + 25𝑎5 + 49𝑎7 = 0
9. If 𝑧 = −1 + 𝑖√3 and n is an integer, prove that
𝑧 2𝑛 + 2𝑛 ∙ 𝑧 𝑛 + 22𝑛 = 0 if n is not a multiple of 3.
𝑧 𝑛 2 𝑛 2 , if n is a multiple of 3
( ) +( ) ={
2 𝑧 −1 , if n is not a multiple of 3
10. If 𝛼 , 𝛽 are the roots of the equation 𝑥 2 − 2 ∙ √3 ∙ 𝑥 + 4 = 0 , prove that
𝛼 3 + 𝛽3 = 0
11. If 𝛼 , 𝛽 are the roots of the equation 𝑧 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 − 𝑧 sin 2𝜃 + 1 = 0 , prove that
𝛼 𝑛 + 𝛽 𝑛 = 2 cos 𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛 𝜃
12. If 𝛼 = 1 + 𝑖 , 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑖 and cot 𝜃 = 𝑥 + 1 , prove that
(𝑥 + 𝛼)𝑛 − (𝑥 + 𝛽)𝑛 = (𝛼 − 𝛽) sin 𝑛𝜃 cosec n 𝜃
1+sin 𝛼+𝑖 cos 𝛼 𝑛
13. Evaluate (1+sin 𝛼−𝑖 cos 𝛼)
14. Find the cube roots of unity. If 𝜔 is a complex root of unity , prove that (1 − 𝜔)6 =
−27
15. Find the roots common to 𝑥 4 + 1 = 0 and 𝑥 6 − 𝑖 = 0
16. Solve 𝑥 5 = 1 + 𝑖 and find the continued product of the roots.
17. If 𝛼, 𝛼 2 , 𝛼 3 , 𝛼 4 are the roots of 𝑥 5 − 1 = 0, find them and show that
(1 − 𝛼)(1 − 𝛼 2 )(1 − 𝛼 3 )(1 − 𝛼 4 ) = 5
18. Solve the equation (𝑥 7 + 𝑥 4 ) + 𝑖(𝑥 3 + 1) = 0
19. Solve 𝑥 9 − 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 − 1 = 0
𝜋 3𝜋
20. Show that 𝑥 5 − 1 = (𝑥 − 1) [𝑥 2 + 2𝑥cos 5 + 1] [𝑥 2 + 2𝑥cos + 1].
5
𝑘𝜋
21. Show that all the roots of (𝑥 + 1)7 = (𝑥 − 1)7 are given by ±𝑖 cot , 𝑘 = 1,2,3.
7

Unit 2: Hyperbolic function

1. Solve the equation 7 cosh 𝑥 + 8 sinh 𝑥 = 1 for real values of 𝑥

1
2. If tanh𝑥 = 2 Find the value of 𝑥 and hence sinh2𝑥
1+tanh 𝑥 𝑛
3. Prove that ( ) = cosh 2𝑛𝑥 + sinh 2𝑛𝑥
1−tanh 𝑥
 First Year Engineering, Semester I (All Branches)/2023-24
Mathematics I : Practice Problems

1
4. Prove that 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥 = 1
1− 1
1−
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥
𝜋 𝜃
5. If 𝑢 = log tan ( + ) , prove that
4 2
(i) cosh 𝑢 = sec 𝜃 (ii)
sinh 𝑢 = tan 𝜃
𝑢 𝜃
(iii) tanh 𝑢 = sin 𝜃 (iv) tanh = tan
2 2
6. If cosh 𝑥 = sec 𝜃 , prove that (𝑖) 𝑥 = log(sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃)
𝜋 𝑥 𝜃
(𝑖𝑖) 𝜃 = − 2 tan−1(𝑒 −𝑥 ) (𝑖𝑖𝑖) tanh = tan (𝑖𝑣) tanh 𝑥 = sin 𝜃
2 2 2
7. If sin(𝜃 + 𝑖Φ) = cos 𝛼 + 𝑖 sin 𝛼 (𝑜𝑟 = 𝑒 𝑖𝛼 ),prove that cos4 𝜃 = sin2 𝛼 = sinh4 Φ
𝜋
8. If 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 = cosec (4 + 𝑖𝑥) , prove that (𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 )2 = 2(𝑢2 − 𝑣 2 )
9. If sin(𝜃 + 𝑖Φ) = tan 𝛼 + 𝑖 sec 𝛼 , prove that cos 2𝜃 cosh 2Φ = 3
10. Separate into real and imaginary part tan−1 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 or tan−1 (cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃)
sin2𝑥 tan𝑢
11. If tan(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦) = sin(𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣) , show that =
sinh2𝑦 tanh𝑣
−1 (sin −1
12. Prove that tanh θ) = cosh (sec θ)
𝑥+𝑖𝑦 𝜋 𝑖 𝑥+𝑦
13. Show that tan−1 ( )= + log ( )
𝑥−𝑖𝑦 4 2 𝑥−𝑦
𝜋 𝜃
14. Prove that sin−1 (cosec θ) = 2 + 𝑖 log cot 2
15. If tan(𝛼 + 𝑖𝛽) = cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃 , prove that
𝑛𝜋 𝜋 1 𝜋 𝜃
𝛼= + 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 = log tan ( + )
2 4 2 4 2
𝑥−𝑎 𝑖 𝑥
16. Show that tan−1 𝑖 ( ) = 2 log (𝑎)
𝑥+𝑎
1−𝛼 2 −𝛽2 cos2𝑥
17. If tan(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦) = 𝛼 + 𝑖𝛽 then prove that
1+𝛼 2 +𝛽 2 = cosh2𝑦
3𝑖
18. Separate into real and imaginary parts cos−1 ( 4 )
−1 𝑖𝜃
19. Separate into real and imaginary parts sin 𝑒
𝑥 −𝑦 𝐶
20. If 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = C cot(𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣) then show that = = .
sin2𝑢 sinh2𝑣 cosh2𝑣−cos2𝑢

Unit 2: Logarithms of Complex Numbers

1. Find the value of log(−5)

log 3+𝑖𝜋
2. Prove that log 2 (−3) =
log 2

3. Find the general value of 𝐿𝑜𝑔(1 + 𝑖) + 𝐿𝑜𝑔(1 − 𝑖)

𝑎−𝑖𝑏 2𝑎𝑏
4. Show that tan {𝑖 log 𝑎+𝑖𝑏} = 𝑎2−𝑏2
 First Year Engineering, Semester I (All Branches)/2023-24
Mathematics I : Practice Problems

1 1 𝜃 𝜋 𝜃
5. Prove that log (1−𝑒 𝑖𝜃 ) = log (2 cosec 2) + 𝑖 ( 2 − 2)

√𝑖
6. Separate into real and imaginary parts (i) Log(3+4i) (ii) √𝑖

7. Separate into real and imaginary parts tanh−1(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)

8. Considering only the principle values, prove that the real part of (1 + 𝑖√3)(1+𝑖√3) is

𝜋
2𝑒 −𝜋⁄√3 (cos 3 ) + √3 log 2

9. If tan[log(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)] = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 prove that

2𝑎
tan[log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )] = 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ≠ 1
1 − 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2

10. Considering only the principle values, if (1 + 𝑖 tan 𝛼)1+𝑖 tan 𝛽 is real, prove that its
2𝛽
value is (sec 𝛼)𝑠𝑒𝑐

11. If 𝑖 𝛼+𝑖𝛽 = 𝛼 + 𝑖𝛽 , prove that 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = 𝑒 −(4𝑛+1)𝜋𝛽 where n is any positive

integer.

Unit 3: Expansion of functions

1. Expand f(x) =√(1 + 𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 ) in powers of (x-1) using Taylor’s series.


2. Find the Maclaurin’s Series expansion of log ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( + 𝑥)) upto 𝑥 5 .
4
𝜋
3. Using Taylor’s Theorem find the expansion of 𝑡𝑎𝑛( 4 + 𝑥) in ascending powers of x up to
terms in x and find the approximately the value of tan 43° .
4

4. Use Taylor’s theorem to find

a) √25.15.

b) √10

c) √1.02

𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑥 2 7𝑥 4
5. Show that log ( 𝑥
)= 2 + 90
+. . . ..

6. Expand 2x3+7x2+x-6 in powers of (x-2).

7. Using Taylor’s series theorem express (x-2)4-3(x-2)3+4(x-2)2+5 in powers of x.

 First Year Engineering, Semester I (All Branches)/2023-24
Mathematics I : Practice Problems

8. Expand tan-1x in powers of x-1.

9. Expand log(1+x+x2+x3) up to a term in x8.

𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 2 2.4 5
10. Show that = 𝑥 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥 +. ..
√1−𝑥 2 3 3.5

11. Expand log(1+ex) by Maclaurin’s theorem as far as the term x4.

12. If x=(1-y)(1-2y) then show that y=1+x-2x2-… .

13. If x3+y3+xy-1=0, prove that y=x/3

𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑥2 𝑥3
14. If 𝑥 = 𝑦 − + −. . .. prove that 𝑦 = 𝑥 + + +. . . . . . ..and conversely.
2 3 2! 3!

𝑥
15. Expand 𝑒 𝑥 −1 upto x4 . Hence prove that no odd powers of x occur in the expansion in
𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 +1
ascending powers of x of the function 2 (𝑒 𝑥 −1)

𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑥2 𝑥3
16. Prove that 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1−𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃 + 3
𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝜃+. ..

𝑥3 𝑥5
17. Prove that 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 3
+ 5
−. . . ..

𝑥−𝑥 −1
18. Expand 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑥+𝑥 −1 ) in ascending powers of x.

19. Expand 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 in powers of x.

𝑥6 32𝑥 10
20. Prove that 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 8 6! + 10!
−. . . ..

𝑥𝑛
21. Prove that 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼) = ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑛! 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝛼

𝑥2 5
22. Prove that 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝑒 𝑥 − 1) = 𝑥 + 2
− 24 𝑥 4 +. . ..
 First Year Engineering, Semester I (All Branches)/2023-24
Mathematics I : Practice Problems

Unit 4: Partial Differentiations.

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
1. If 𝑧(𝑥 + 𝑦) = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) , Prove that (𝜕𝑥 − 𝜕𝑦) = 4 (1 − 𝜕𝑥 − 𝜕𝑦)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
2. If 𝑢 = log(tan 𝑥 + tan 𝑦) , prove that sin 2𝑥 + sin 2𝑦 =2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑦 𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢
3. If 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 , find the value of + 𝜕𝑦 2
𝜕𝑥 2
2 /4𝑡 𝜕𝜃 1 𝜕 𝜕𝜃
4. If 𝜃 = 𝑡 𝑛 𝑒 −𝑟 , find n which will make = 𝑟2 (𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟 )
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑟
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 2 −9
5. If 𝑢 = log(𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑧) , prove that (𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑦 + 𝜕𝑧) 𝑢 = (𝑥+𝑦+𝑧)2

𝜕 𝜕 2 4
6. If u=log(x3+y3-x2y-xy2) prove that (𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑥) 𝑢 = −
(𝑥+𝑦)2
𝜕2𝑧 𝜕2
7. If 𝑧 = 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑥 , verify that = 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
8. If 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑟) where 𝑟 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 , prove that
𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢 ′′ (𝑟)
2 ′
+ + = 𝑓 + 𝑓 (𝑟)
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑧 2 𝑟
9. If 𝑧 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 𝑟) − 𝑟 where 𝑟 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 , prove that
𝜕 2𝑧 𝜕 2𝑧 1 𝜕 3𝑧 𝑥
2
+ 2= , 3
=− 3
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑥+𝑟 𝜕𝑥 𝑟
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
10. If 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑢 tan 𝑣 , 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑢 sec 𝑣 , find (𝑥 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑦 𝜕𝑦) ∙ (𝑥 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑦 𝜕𝑦)
𝑑𝑧 3
11. If 𝑧 = sin−1(𝑥 − 𝑦) , 𝑥 = 3𝑡 , 𝑦 = 4𝑡 3 , prove that 𝑑𝑡 = √1−𝑡 2
12. If 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) , 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑒 −𝑣 , 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑢 − 𝑒 𝑣 , prove that
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
− =𝑥 −𝑦
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑥−𝑦 𝑦−𝑧 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
13. If 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑒 , 𝑒 , 𝑒 𝑧−𝑥 ) , then prove that 𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑦 + 𝜕𝑧 = 0
14. If 𝑥 = √𝑣𝑤 , 𝑦 = √𝑤𝑢 , 𝑧 = √𝑢𝑣 , then prove that
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧 =𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤 Where 𝜙 is the function of 𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑧
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑤
15. If 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) , 𝑥 = 𝑢 cosh 𝑣 , 𝑦 = 𝑢 sinh 𝑣 , prove that
𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧 2 1 𝜕𝑧 2
( ) −( ) = ( ) − 2( )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑢 𝑢 𝜕𝑣
𝜃
16. If 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑒 cos Φ , 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2𝑖 sin Φ , show that
𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢
+ = 4𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝜃 2 𝜕Φ2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
17. If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = Φ(𝑢 , 𝑣) and 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 , 𝑣 = 2𝑥𝑦 , prove that
𝜕 2𝑓 𝜕 2𝑓 2 2)
𝜕 2𝑓 𝜕 2𝑓
+ = 4(𝑥 + 𝑦 ( 2 + 2 )
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
𝑑𝑦
18. If 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 − 3𝑎𝑥𝑦 = 0 , find 𝑑𝑥
2 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
19. If 𝑓(𝑥𝑦 , 𝑧 − 2𝑥) = 0 , prove that 2𝑥 𝜕𝑥 −𝑦 𝜕𝑦 = 4𝑥
 First Year Engineering, Semester I (All Branches)/2023-24
Mathematics I : Practice Problems

Unit 4: Homogeneous Functions

√𝑥𝑦
20. If 𝑢 = , then verify Euler’s theorem for u.
√𝑥+√𝑦
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
21. If 𝑢 = 𝑓 (𝑦 + 𝑧 + 𝑥) , show that 𝑥 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 + 𝜕𝑧 = 0
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
22. If 𝑧 = log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + −2 log(𝑥 + 𝑦) prove that
𝑥+𝑦
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
𝑥 +𝑦 =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
𝑥2 𝑦2𝑧 2 𝑥𝑦+𝑦𝑧
23. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2+𝑧 2 +𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 2+𝑦 2+𝑧 2) , prove that
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑥2𝑦2𝑧2
𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧 = 4( 2 )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝑥 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2
𝑦 𝑦
24. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 sin−1 𝑥 + 𝑥 4 tan−1 𝑥 , find the value of
𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
𝑥2 2
+ 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
2
+𝑥 +𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1 , 𝑦 = 1
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑥𝑦+𝑦𝑧+𝑧𝑥
25. Verify Euler’s theorem for 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 𝑥 2+𝑦 2+𝑧 2 )
𝑥 3 +𝑦 3
26. If 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [ ] , prove that
𝑥−𝑦
𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢
𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
= sin 4𝑢 − sin 2𝑢
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2
1 1
𝑥 ⁄2 +𝑦 ⁄2
27. If 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 √( 1 1 ) , prove that
𝑥 ⁄3 +𝑦 ⁄3

2
𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢 2
𝜕 2 𝑢 tan 𝑢
𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 +𝑦 = (13 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢).
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 144

Unit 5: Application of Partial derivatives.

Maxima Minima

1. Examine the function u=x3y2(12-3x-4y) for extreme values.

2. Find the extreme values of function x3+3xy2-15x2-15y2+72x
3. Find all the extreme points of the function x4+y4-2x3+4xy-2y3
4. Find the points on the surface z2=xy+1, nearest to the origin. Also find that distance.
5. Find all the extreme points of the function u=x3+y3-63(x+y)+12xy
6. Show that the rectangular solid of maximum value that can be inscribed in a sphere is
a cube
7. A rectangular box open at the top is to have a volume 108 cubic metre. Find the
dimensions of the box, if its total surface is minimum.
8. Find the extreme values if any of the functions u=x3+y3-63(x+y)+12xy.
9. Find the extreme values if any of the functions u=x3+xy2+21x-12x2-2y2.
10. Find the extreme value of x3+y3-3axy.
11. Find the extreme value of xy(a-x-y)
 First Year Engineering, Semester I (All Branches)/2023-24
Mathematics I : Practice Problems

𝑎3 𝑎3
12. Show that minimum value of u= 𝑥𝑦 + + is 3a2.
𝑥 𝑦
13. Examine for minimum and maximum values for sinx+siny+sin(x+y).
14. Find the extreme value of sinx siny sin(x+y).

Unit 5: Jacobians
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣)
1. Find the Jacobian 𝜕(𝑥,𝑦) for each of the following functions:
i) 𝑢 = 𝑥2 − 𝑦2, 𝑣 = 2𝑥𝑦
ii) 𝑢 = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦, 𝑣 = 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥+𝑦
iii) 𝑢 = 1−𝑥𝑦 , 𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
2. Find the Jacobian for each of the following functions
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)
i) u=xyz, v=x2+y2+z2, w=x+y+z
ii) u=r sinθcosϕ, v= r sinθsinϕ , w= r cosθ
𝑣𝑤 𝑤𝑢 𝑢𝑣
iii) u= 𝑢 , 𝑣 = 𝑣 , 𝑤 = 𝑤
3. Verify J.J’=1 for the following functions:
i) x=eucosv, y=eusinv
ii) x=u, y=utanv,z=w
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣)
4. If u=x2-y2, v=2xy where x=rcosθ, y=r sinθ find 𝜕(𝑟,𝜃)
𝑢+𝑣 𝜕(𝑢,𝑣)
5. If x=uv, y=𝑢−𝑣 find 𝜕(𝑥,𝑦).
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)
6. If u=x+y+z, uv=y+z, uvw=z, evaluate 𝜕(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
Unit 6: Numerical solution
Solution of algebraic and Transcendental equation &
Solution of system of linear equations
1. Compute real root of 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑥 − 1.2 = 0 correct to three places of decimals using
Newton Raphson Method.
2. Find a positive root of 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 correct up to three decimal places by using
Newton Raphson Method.
3. Solve the equation 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = −1, starting with 𝑎 = 2.5 and 𝑏 = 3, correct up to
three decimal places by Newton Raphson Method.
4. Find the real root of the equation log10 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 0, correct to four decimal places
by Newton Raphson Method.
5. Find a root of 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 10𝑥 + 7 = 0, correct up to three decimal places between
−2 and −1 by the Newton-Raphson method.
6. Find a root between 0 and 1 of the equation 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 1, correct up to four decimal
places by the Newton-Raphson method.
7. Find the real positive root of the equation 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 0, which is near 𝑥 =
𝜋 correct up to four significant digits by the Newton-Raphson method.
8. Solve the following equations by Gauss-Seidel method 27𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 𝑧 = 85; 6𝑥 +
15𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 72; 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 54𝑧 = 110 (Take three iterations)
9. Solve the following equations by Gauss Seidal method 10𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 =
12; 2𝑥1 + 10𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 13; 2𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 10𝑥3 = 14.
 First Year Engineering, Semester I (All Branches)/2023-24
Mathematics I : Practice Problems

10. Solve the following systems of equations by Gauss-seidel method, 20𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 =

17; 3𝑥 + 20𝑦 − 𝑧 = −18; 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 20𝑧 = 25.
11. Find the real root of the system of the following non-linear equations using Newton-
Raphson method
a. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 7; 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 9.
Take the initial approximations as 𝑥0 = 1.5 and 𝑦0 = 0.5.
b. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 4; 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16.
Take the initial approximations as 𝑥0 = 3 and 𝑦0 = 2.5.
c. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 = 10; 𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 𝑥 = 57.
Take the initial approximations as 𝑥0 = 1.5 and 𝑦0 = 3.5.
d. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 11; 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 = 7.
Take the initial approximations as 𝑥0 = 3 and 𝑦0 = 5.
e. 𝑥 3 = 𝑦 + 100; 𝑦 3 = 𝑥 + 150.
Take the initial approximations as 𝑥0 = 4.5 and 𝑦0 = 5.5.
Unit 6: Curve Fitting
1. Fit a straight line to the following set of data:
𝑋 1 2 3 4 5
𝑌 3 4 5 6 8

2. Fit a straight line to the following set of data and estimate the value of 𝑌 at 𝑋 = 6:
𝑋 1 2 3 4 5
𝑌 14 27 30 40 55

3. Fit a straight line to the following set of data and estimate the production in 2023:
𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 (𝑋) 1973 1983 1993 2003 2013
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑌) 8 10 15 25 35

4. Fit a straight line to the following set of data and estimate the value of 𝑌 at 𝑋 = 17:
𝑋 2 3 5 7 11 13
𝑌 37 31 29 23 19 17

5. Fit a quadratic curve 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 to the following set of data:

𝑋 0 1 2 3 4
𝑌 1 1.8 1.3 2.5 6.3
 First Year Engineering, Semester I (All Branches)/2023-24
Mathematics I : Practice Problems

6. Fit a quadratic curve 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 to the following set of data and estimate the
value 𝑌 at 𝑋 = 6.
𝑋 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
𝑌 1.1 1.3 1.6 2 2.7 3.4 4.1

7. Fit a quadratic curve 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 to the following set of data and estimate the
value 𝑌 at 𝑋 = 8.
𝑋 1 2 3 4
𝑌 6 11 18 27

8. Fit a quadratic curve 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 to the following set of data and estimate the
value 𝑌 at 𝑋 = 8.
𝑋 2 3 5 7 11 13
𝑌 37 31 29 23 19 17