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ITA Session 11 Intro To Cloud Computing

This document provides an introduction to cloud computing, including definitions of cloud computing, a history of cloud technologies, trends in technology and users, prophecies about cloud computing, characteristics of clouds, different cloud deployment models like public clouds, private clouds, hybrid clouds, and multi-clouds. It also discusses what skills and knowledge are needed to work with cloud computing.

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Narisha Bhawsar
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43 views

ITA Session 11 Intro To Cloud Computing

This document provides an introduction to cloud computing, including definitions of cloud computing, a history of cloud technologies, trends in technology and users, prophecies about cloud computing, characteristics of clouds, different cloud deployment models like public clouds, private clouds, hybrid clouds, and multi-clouds. It also discusses what skills and knowledge are needed to work with cloud computing.

Uploaded by

Narisha Bhawsar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Cloud

Computing
IT Applications– Session 11

Contents adapted from various sources, including Jill West, CompTIA Cloud+ Guide to Cloud Computing, 2nd Edition. 2023 Cengage., Distributed Systems course
materials by Prof Indranil Gupta at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaigne (https://courses.engr.illinois.edu/cs425/fa2019/L2-3.FA19.ppt) etc.
What is a Cloud?

• It’s a cluster!
• It’s a supercomputer!
• It’s a datastore!
• It’s superman!
• None of the above
• All of the above
• Cloud = Lots of storage + compute cycles nearby
“A Cloudy History of Time”

The first datacenters!


Timesharing Companies Clouds and datacenters
1940
& Data Processing Industry
1950 Clusters
1960
Grids
1970
1980
PCs 1990
(not distributed!)
2000
Peer to peer systems 2012
“A Cloudy History of Time”

First large datacenters: ENIAC, ORDVAC, ILLIAC


Many used vacuum tubes and mechanical relays
Berkeley NOW Project
Supercomputers
1940
Server Farms (e.g., Oceano)
1950
1960 P2P Systems (90s-00s)
•Many Millions of users
1970 •Many GB per day
1980
Data Processing Industry
- 1968: $70 M. 1978: $3.15 Billion 1990
Timesharing Industry (1975): 2000
•Market Share: Honeywell 34%, IBM 15%,
Grids (1980s-2000s): 2012 Clouds
•Xerox 10%, CDC 10%, DEC 10%, UNIVAC 10%
•GriPhyN (1970s-80s)
•Honeywell 6000 & 635, IBM 370/168,
•Open Science Grid and Lambda Rail (2000s)
Xerox 940 & Sigma 9, DEC PDP-10, UNIVAC 1108
•Globus & other standards (1990s-2000s)
Trends: Technology

• Doubling Periods – storage: 12 months, bandwidth: 9


months, and CPU compute capacity: 18 months
• Then and Now
− Bandwidth
▪ 1985: mostly 56Kbps links nationwide
▪ 2015: Tbps links widespread
−Disk capacity
▪ Today’s PCs have TBs, far more than a 1990 supercomputer
Trends: Users

• Then and Now

Biologists:
− 1990: were running small single-molecule simulations
− Today: CERN’s Large Hadron Collider producing many PB/year
Prophecies

• In 1965, MIT's Fernando Corbató and the other designers of the


Multics operating system envisioned a computer facility
operating “like a power company or water company”.

• Plug your thin client into the computing Utility and Play your
favorite Intensive Compute & Communicate Application
−Have today’s clouds brought us closer to this reality? Think about it.
Four Features New in Today’s Clouds
I. Massive scale.
II. On-demand access: Pay-as-you-go, no upfront
commitment.
– And anyone can access it

III. Data-intensive Nature: What was MBs has now become


TBs, PBs and XBs.
– Daily logs, forensics, Web data, etc.
– Humans have data numbness: Wikipedia (large) compressed is only about 10 GB!

IV. New Cloud Programming Paradigms: MapReduce/Hadoop,


NoSQL/Cassandra/MongoDB and many others.
– High in accessibility and ease of programmability
– Lots of open-source
What is Cloud Computing? (1 of 3)

• Cloud computing has the following five essential characteristics:


− On-demand self-service
− Broad network access
− Resource pooling
− Rapid elasticity
− Measured service

• Additional characteristics and benefits include the following:


− Self-patching/self-healing infrastructure
− Adaptive, intelligent security
− Cross-platform
What is Cloud Computing? (2 of 3)
What is Cloud Computing? (3 of 3)

• Reasons for transitioning to a cloud environment include the following:


− Expiration of a lease at their data center location
− Optimizing services and becoming more competitive
− To improve the bottom line

• Organizations typically adopt cloud services in phases


What Do I Need to Know? (1 of 2)

• Security must be built into resources themselves so it travels with them

• Understand the data being moved to the cloud

• Organization’s business goals, processes, workflows

• Software development processes

• Infrastructure concepts, skills, tools

• Security vulnerabilities, technologies, best practices

• Automation tools

• Lifelong learning
What Do I Need to Know? (2 of 2)
Knowledge Check Activity 1-1

Which of the following is NOT an essential characteristic of cloud computing?

a. Adaptive security

b. Broad network access

c. Rapid elasticity

d. On-demand self-service
Knowledge Check Activity 1-1: Answer

Which of the following is NOT an essential characteristic of


cloud computing?
Answer: a. Adaptive security
Cloud providers often describe additional characteristics and benefits to
cloud computing, including adaptive, intelligent security that takes
advantage of AI (artificial intelligence) technology to improve built-in
security defenses. However, this is not an essential characteristic of
cloud computing defined by NIST.
Section 1-2: Cloud Deployment Models

• Cloud computing simultaneously adds convenience while reducing control of the


hardware
− A business can use someone else’s hardware to host applications, data, and
network infrastructure
− However, they must rely on someone else’s hardware to host applications, data,
and network infrastructure
− This can create security concerns that vary according to the type of cloud
services an organization decides to use
Public Cloud (1 of 2)

• Public cloud services are hosted on hardware resources at the CSP’s location

• The CSP manages the hardware, which can’t be accessed directly by the cloud
customer

• The customer relies on the CSP’s security measures to protect data and other
resources

• Cloud customers should research the CSP’s industry certifications and audit
compliance reports to ensure the security of their public cloud
− Customers should also check security requirements as defined in the CSP’s SLA
(service level agreement)
Public Cloud (2 of 2)
Private Cloud (1 of 2)

• Private cloud services are hosted on hardware resources used exclusively by a single
organization

• Hardware might be located in a CSP’s data center or be located in the organization’s


data center

• No one but the organization is allowed to use the hardware, which increases security

• Differs from a traditional data center in the following ways:


− A traditional data center might use virtualization
− A private cloud is more abstract, relying on application programming interface
(API)
− Private cloud security requires more of a traditional approach to securing network
perimeter
Private Cloud (2 of 2)
Hybrid Cloud (1 of 2)

• A hybrid cloud is a mix of both public and private cloud components, or a


combination of cloud and traditional on-prem services

• Some organizations make a partial transition because not every application, data set,
or service is suitable for the cloud

• A hybrid cloud model is the most common cloud deployment

• Relatively few organizations are ready or able to commit fully to the cloud

• Security measures for hybrid clouds include all relevant points listed for both a
public cloud and a private cloud
Hybrid Cloud (2 of 2)
Multi-Cloud
Thank You!

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