Class 6 – Maths CBSE Revision Notes | Shalom Logos, GSS Zemithang

CHAPTER 1
KNOWING OUR NUMBERS
• FINDING the Greatest and Smallest Number:
Greatest Number Smallest Number
1) Check number of digits: 1) Check number of digits:
• Number with more digits is greater. • Number with less digits is smaller.
2) Check the left-most digit: (for same no. of digits) 2) Check the left-most digit: (for same no. of digits)
• Number with greater leftmost digit is greater. • Number with smaller leftmost digit is smaller.
3) Check the next left-most digit: (for same left-most digit) 3) Check the next left-most digit: (for same left-most digit)
• Number with greater digit is greater. • Number with smaller digit is smaller.

• FORMING the Greatest and Smallest numbers from given digits: (without repeating digits)
Greatest Number Smallest Number
1) Greatest number – left-most digit 1) Smallest number – left-most digit
2) Next greatest number – next left-most digit 2) Next smallest number – next left-most digit

• FORMING the Greatest and Smallest numbers from given digits: (with repeating digits)
Greatest Number Smallest Number
1) Repeat the greatest digit 1) Repeat the smallest digit
2) Greatest number – left-most digit 2) Smallest number – left-most digit
3) Next greatest number – next left-most digit 3) Next smallest number – next left-most digit

• Ascending order: arrangement from the smallest to the greatest.

• Descending order: arrangement from the greatest to the smallest.
• Larger Numbers:
Greatest 1-digit number + 1 = smallest 2-digit number 9 + 1 = 10 Ten
Greatest 2-digit number + 1 = smallest 3-digit number 99 + 1 = 100 One Hundred
Greatest 3-digit number + 1 = smallest 4-digit number 999 + 1 = 1000 One Thousand
Greatest 4-digit number + 1 = smallest 5-digit number 9999 + 1 = 10000 Ten Thousand
Greatest 5-digit number + 1 = smallest 6-digit number 99999 + 1 = 100000 One Lakh
Greatest 6-digit number + 1 = smallest 7-digit number 999999 + 1 = 1000000 Ten Lakh
Greatest 7-digit number + 1 = smallest 8-digit number 9999999 + 1 = 10000000 One Crore

• Indian and International System of Numeration:

Larger Numbers Indian System International System
10 x One Ten Ten
10 x Ten One Hundred One Hundred
10 x One Hundred One Thousand One Thousand
10 x One Thousand Ten Thousand Ten Thousand
10 x Ten Thousand One Lakh Hundred Thousand
10 x One Lakh (Hundred Thousand) Ten Lakh One Million
10 x Ten Lakh (One Million) One Crore Ten Million
• Indian System – Place Values and Commas:
C TL L TTh Th H T O
o Write the numbers from the right in each place.
o Number of digits after which commas are placed – 3,2,2,2 (from the right)
• International System – Place Values and Commas:
TM M HTh TTh Th H T O
o Write the numbers from the right in each place.
o Number of digits after which commas are placed – 3,3,3 (from the right)
 Class 6 – Maths CBSE Revision Notes | Shalom Logos, GSS Zemithang

• Solving Daily-life Problems: (Identifying Operations)

Addition (+) Subtraction (–) Multiplication (x) Division (÷)
• Increased by • How many more/less? • Small to Large • Splitting a large
• Total • Margin • One to many number to a smaller
• Together • How much great/small? number
• Difference
• Remaining

• Converting Units (Multiply)

Metre (m) Litre (l) Gram (g)
• 1 Km = 1000 m • 1 Kg = 1000 g
• 1m = 100 cm
• 1m = 1000 mm • 1 l = 1000 ml • 1g = 1000 mg

CHAPTER 2
WHOLE NUMBERS
• Natural Numbers: The numbers which we use naturally for counting. (Example: 1, 2, 3,…)
Successor Predecessor
• Next number • Previous number
• Add 1 • Subtract 1
o Every natural number has a successor.
o Every natural number except 1 has a predecessor
• Whole Numbers: The natural numbers along with zero. (Example: 0, 1, 2, 3,...)
o Every whole number has a successor.
o Every whole number except zero has a predecessor.
• All natural numbers are whole numbers, but all whole numbers are not natural numbers.
• Number Line:

o Greater Number: Right on the number line

o Smaller Number: Left on the number line
o Addition: Move right on the number line.
o Subtraction: Move left on the number line.
o Multiplication: Make jumps of equal distance starting from zero.

CHAPTER 3
PLAYING WITH NUMBERS
• Factor: an exact divisor of a number. (Example: 1, 2, 3 and 6 are factors of 6)
o Every number is a factor of itself.
o 1 is a factor of every number.
o Every factor of a number is less than or equal to the given number.
o Every number is a multiple of each of its factors.
• Multiple: result of multiplying the number by other numbers (Example: 6, 12, 18,… are multiples of 6)
o Every multiple of a given number is greater than or equal to that number.
o Every number is a multiple of itself.
• Perfect Number: A number for which sum of all its factors is equal to twice the number. (Example: The sum of
the factors of 28 is equal to twice the number 28)
 Class 6 – Maths CBSE Revision Notes | Shalom Logos, GSS Zemithang

Prime Number Composite Number

Numbers that have only two factors (1 and itself) Numbers that have more than two factors
• Number 1: is neither prime nor composite.
• Number 2:
o smallest prime number
o only even prime number
• Co-prime Numbers: Two numbers with only 1 as a common factor. Sieve of Eratosthenes
o A number divisible by two co-prime numbers is
divisible by their product also.
• Divisibility by 2,5 and 10: Check the last digit.
o Divisibility by 2: – 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 in its ones place.
o Divisibility by 5: – 0 or 5 in its ones place.
o Divisibility by 10: – 0 in the ones place.
• Divisibility by 3 and 9: Finding the sum of all digits.
o Divisibility by 3: sum of the digits is a divisible by 3.
o Divisibility by 9: sum of the digits is a divisible by 9.
• Divisibility by 4 and 8: Checked the last 2 and 3 digits respectively.
o Divisibility by 4: number formed by the last two digits is divisible by 4.
o Divisibility by 8: number formed by the last three digits is divisible by 8.
• Divisibility of 11: Compare the sum of digits at odd and even places.
o Sum of the digits at odd places – Sum of the digits at even places.
o Difference is either 0 or divisible by 11.
• Common Factors: common factors of two or more numbers.
• Common Multiples: common multiples of two or more numbers.
• Prime Factorisation: Expressing a number as a product of its prime factors
• The Highest Common Factor (HCF): of two or more given numbers is the highest of their common factors.
• The Lowest Common Multiple (LCM): of two or more given numbers is the lowest of their common multiples.
• Keywords for HCM and LCM:
HCF LCM
Maximum Minimum
Longest Shortest
Greatest Smallest
• Least number when divided leaves a given remainder:
o Find LCM of the numbers
o Add the remainder.

CHAPTER 4
BASIC GEOMETRICAL IDEAS
• Geometry: Geo – Earth; Metron - Measurement
• Point: Determines a location.
o Denoted by a capital letter. (A)
• Line Segment: The shortest distance between two points.
o Denoted by AB̅̅̅̅.
• Line: Line segment extended on both sides indefinitely.
o Denoted by AB ⃡ or sometimes by a single small letter like l.
• Ray: Line starting at a point and going in one direction endlessly.
o Denoted by AP.
 Class 6 – Maths CBSE Revision Notes | Shalom Logos, GSS Zemithang

Intersecting Lines Parallel Lines

• Two distinct lines meeting at a point • Two lines that do not meet

Curve Simple Curve Closed Curve Open Curve Polygon

drawing done a simple closed
curve that does not
without lifting the ends are joined ends are not joined curve made up of
cross itself
pencil line segments

• Parts of a Polygon:
̅̅̅̅, ̅̅̅
o Sides: line segments. (AB BC, ̅̅̅̅
CD, ̅DE
̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅
EA)
o Adjacent Sides: Sides with a common end point. (AB ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅
BC)
o Vertex: The meeting point of a pair of sides. (A, B, C, D and E)
o Adjacent Vertices: End points of the same side are adjacent vertices. (E and D)
̅̅̅̅, ̅̅̅̅
o Diagonal: Line joining two non-adjacent vertices is a diagonal. (AC AD, ̅̅̅̅ BE and ̅̅̅
BD, ̅̅̅ CE)
• Angle: Angle is made up of two rays starting from a common starting point.
o Two rays OP and OQ make ∠POQ (or also called ∠QOP).
• Three divisions of region formed by an angle:
o On the angle (P, S, R)
o the interior of the angle (X)
o the exterior of the angle (Z)

CHAPTER 5
UNDERSTANDING ELEMENTARY SHAPES
• Length: The distance between the end points of a line segment.
• Comparing Line Segments:
Method Disadvantage
Observation May not be obvious
Tracing Difficult to trace accurately every time
Ruler Positioning error
• A graduated ruler and a divider are useful to compare lengths of line segments.
• Angles formed by hands of a clock:
1 1 3
revolution revolution revolution 1 revolution
4 2 4

From 12 to 12
1 revolution
or 4 right angles

• Complete Angle: The angle for one revolution.

1 1
• Right angle: 4 revolution Straight angle: 2 revolution
 Class 6 – Maths CBSE Revision Notes | Shalom Logos, GSS Zemithang

Acute Angle Obtuse Angle Reflex Angle

greater than a right angle and less
smaller than a right angle larger than a straight angle
than a straight angle

• Protractor: Used to measure the size of an angle in degrees.

• Measure of Angle:
o One complete revolution is divided into 360 equal parts.
o Each part is a degree.
• Measure of a right angle: 90°
• Measure of a straight angle: 180°.
• Perpendicular Lines: Two intersecting lines are perpendicular if the angle between them is 90°.
• Perpendicular Bisector: A perpendicular to the line segment that divides it into two equal parts.
• Triangle: a polygon with the least number of sides (three sides)
• Classification of Triangles: (based on their angles)
Acute angled triangle Right angled triangle Obtuse angled triangle
All angles are acute angles One angle is a right angle One angle is obtuse angle

• Classification of Triangles: (based on the lengths of their sides)

Scalene triangle Isosceles triangle Equilateral triangle
Three unequal sides Two equal sides Three equal sides

• Classification of Polygons: (based on their sides)

Triangle Quadrilateral Pentagon Hexagon Octagon
3 sides 4 sides 5 sides 6 sides 8 sides

• Classification of Quadrilaterals: (based on their properties)

Trapezium Parallelogram Rectangle Rhombus Square
One pair of parallel Two pairs of parallel Parallelogram with 4 Parallelogram with 4 Rhombus with 4
sides sides right angles equal sides right angles
 Class 6 – Maths CBSE Revision Notes | Shalom Logos, GSS Zemithang

CHAPTER 6
INTEGERS
• Natural Numbers: All positive numbers (Example: 1, 2, 3, 4…)
• Whole Numbers: Zero and all positive numbers (Example: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4...)
• Integers: Negative numbers, zero and positive numbers (Example: – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2,
• Negative Numbers: Numbers below zero on the number line. [use minus sign (–)]
• Representation of integers on a number line:
o Negative numbers – left of zero
o Positive numbers – right of zero
o Greater number – right
o Smaller number – left
• Addition of Integers:
Same Sign Different Sign
(i) Add numbers (i) Subtract numbers
(ii) Put the same sign (ii) Put the greater number’s sign
• Additive Inverse: Numbers when added to each other that give the sum zero are additive inverse of each other.
o Example: 3 + (– 3) = 0 [3 and – 3 are additive inverse of each other]
• Subtraction of Integers:
(i) Write the additive inverse of the second number. (change the sign of second number)
(ii) Follow the addition rule.
• Addition/Subtraction of Integers on the number line:
(i) Mark the first number on the number line.
(ii) Move to the left/right number of times of the second number.
Addition Subtraction
• Second number is Positive – move right • Second number is Positive – move left
• Second number is Negative – move left • Second number is Negative – move right

CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
Part
• Fraction = Whole
o Part – Numerator
o Whole – Denominator
• Representation of Fractions on the Number line:
(i) Divide the gap between 0 and 1 into two equal parts, based on the denominator.
(ii) Mark the part, based on the numerator.
• Proper Fraction/Improper Fraction/Mixed Fraction:
Proper Fraction Improper Fraction Mixed Fraction
Numerator is less than Denominator Numerator is greater than Denominator Combination of a whole and a part
2 3 10 7 2 3
Example: 3, 7 Example: 3 , 5 Example: 8 7, 2 4

• Converting Improper to Mixed Fraction: • Converting Improper to Mixed Fraction:

22 2 +
= = 45 2 22
5 2
45 = 4 = 5
x
5
• To Find Equivalent Fractions:
o Multiply/Divide both the numerator and the denominator of the given fraction by the same number.
o Example:
 Class 6 – Maths CBSE Revision Notes | Shalom Logos, GSS Zemithang

• Simplest Form: Numerator and the denominator have no common factor except 1.
• Like and Unlike Fractions:
Like Fraction Unlike Fraction
same denominators different denominators
2 8 2 8
Example: 15, 15 Example: 15, 20
• Comparing Like Fractions: fraction with the greater numerator is greater.
• Comparing Unlike Fractions with same numerator: fraction with the smaller denominator is greater.
• Comparing Unlike Fractions:
o Step 1: Find the LCM of the denominators.
o Step 2: Make equivalent fractions by using the LCM as common denominator for the fractions.
o Step 3: the fractions with the greater numerator is greater.
• Addition and Subtraction of Fractions:
Like Fraction Unlike Fraction
o Step 1: Add/Subtract numerators o Step 1: Make the denominator same (LCM)
o Step 2: Keep the same denominator o Step 2: Add/Subtract numerators
o Step 3: Keep the same denominator

CHAPTER 8
DECIMALS
• Comparing Decimals:
o Compare the whole part. (decimal with the greater whole is greater)
o If whole part is same, Compare the tenth place. (decimal with the greater tenth place is greater)
o If tenth place is same, Compare the hundredth place. (decimal with the greater hundredth place is greater)
o If hundredth place is same, Compare thousandth place. (decimal with greater thousandth place is greater)
• Converting Quantities:
Quantity Conversion
Money ₹ 1 = 100 paise
1
1 cm = 100 m • Addition/Subtraction of Decimals:
1 o Arrange the digits of the decimals according to place values.
Length 1 mm = 10 cm
o Add/Subtract
1
1m= km
1000
1
Weight 1 g = 1000 kg

CHAPTER 9
DATA HANDLING
• Data: a collection of numbers gathered to give some information.
• Tally marks: a group of five marks. (||||)
o Four marks are lines
o The fifth mark is a cross
• Pictograph: Represent data through pictures. [If 1 picture = 10, so 5 pictures indicate 5 × 10 people].

CHAPTER 10
MENSURATION
• Perimeter: Distance covered along the boundary of a closed figure.
o Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 × (length + breadth)
o Perimeter of a square = 4 × length of its side
o Perimeter of an equilateral triangle = 3 × length of a side
o Perimeter of regular closed figures = number of sides x length of side
• Regular closed figures: Figures having all the sides of equal length and all the angles of equal measure
• Area: The amount of surface enclosed by a closed figure.
o Area of a rectangle = length × breadth
o Area of a square = side × side
 Class 6 – Maths CBSE Revision Notes | Shalom Logos, GSS Zemithang

• Area of a figure using a squared paper:

o If less than half a square, 0 square.
o If more than half a square, 1 square.
1
o If exactly half the square, 2 square.

CHAPTER 11
ALGEBRA
• Constants and Variables:
Constants Variables
Value is fixed Value is not fixed
Denoted by numbers (1, 2, 3…) Denoted by letters (a, b, c, x, y, l, m…)
• Total value = value of 1 quantity [constant] x Number of Quantity [variable]
• Expression: Expression are formed by using different operations on variables and constants.
p
Example: x – 3, x + 3, 2n, 5m, , 2y + 3, 3l – 5, etc
3

CHAPTER 12
RATIO AND PROPORTION
• To Find Ratio of x to y: Example:
o Make the units same Isha’s weight = 25 kg
x
o Divide Father’s weight = 75 kg
y
o Simplify the fraction Isha's weight 25 1
= =
Father's weight 75 3
o Write the simplified fraction as x : y
Isha’ weight : Father’s weight = 1 : 3
• Equivalent Ratios:
o Ratios obtained by multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator by the same number.
o Equivalent ratios have equivalent fractions.
• Ratios and Fractions:
x
y
x:y
• Divide Quantity into Ratio x : y:
Total = x + y
x
First part = total x Quantity
y
Second part = x Quantity
total
• Proportion:
o If two ratios are equal, they are in proportion.
o We use the symbol ‘::’ or ‘=’ to equate the two ratios
• Check Proportion:
o Ratio of the first and the second quantities = Ratio of the third and the fourth quantities.
o Example: 3, 10, 15, 50
3 15
▪ 10 = 50
▪ 3 : 10 :: 15 : 50
• Unitary Method:
o Step 1: Find the value of one unit. (divide)
o Step 2: Find the value of the required number of units. (multiply)
o Example: The cost of 6 cans is ₹ 210. Find the cost of 4 cans.
210
▪ Cost of 1 can = 6 = ₹ 35
▪ Cost of 4 cans = 35 x 4 = ₹ 140