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Physics Lecture Notes

The document provides formulas and ray diagrams related to optics including reflection, refraction, lenses, microscopes, and telescopes. Formulas are given for focal length, mirror equation, magnification, Snell's law, refractive index, lens maker's formula, power of lenses, and more. Ray diagrams show the path of light rays through spherical mirrors, lenses, and optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes.

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Manikannan Sudha
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29 views

Physics Lecture Notes

The document provides formulas and ray diagrams related to optics including reflection, refraction, lenses, microscopes, and telescopes. Formulas are given for focal length, mirror equation, magnification, Snell's law, refractive index, lens maker's formula, power of lenses, and more. Ray diagrams show the path of light rays through spherical mirrors, lenses, and optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes.

Uploaded by

Manikannan Sudha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formulas:

Focal Length (f) = R/2


Mirror Equation= 1/v + 1/u = 1f
Linear Magnification (m) = height of the image/ height of the object
= h’/ h
Magnification Formula = - v/u
Snell’s law of refraction/Refractive Index= sin i/sin r
Apparent depth = Real depth/ Refractive Index of the medium
Relation between object and image distance = [n2/v - n1/u]= (n2-n1)/R
Lens Maker's Formula =
Power of lens (P)= 1/f
Total magnification= product of multiple magnifications (m1 x m2 x m3….)
Total power of lens (P)= P1 + P2 + P3+ …….
Minimum Deviation = (n 21- 1)/A
Magnification in simple microscope (m) = 1+ D/f
Total Magnification = Mo x Me
= [ (L/fo) x (D/fe) ]
Length of telescope tube = fo + fe
Magnification of telescope = fo/fe
CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 9, Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Ray Diagrams
are presented below:
Ray Diagrams
Reflection of light by spherical mirrors

Sign Convention

Concave mirror when rays are paraxial


Convex mirror when rays are paraxial

Formation of Focal Plane

Image formation by a concave mirror


Image formation by a concave mirror with object between P and F

Image formation by a convex mirror

Refraction of light
Lateral shift of a ray refracted through a parallel-sided lab

Apparent depth for a)normal viewing b)oblique viewing

Total Internal Reflection


Refraction at a spherical surface

Position of object and image formed by a double convex lens

Refraction at the first spherical surface

Refraction at the second spherical surface


Tracing rays through convex lens

Concave Lens

Power of a lens

Image formation by a combination of two thin lenses in contact


Refraction through a glass prism

Simple Microscope, magnifying glass is located such that the image is at the near point

Simple Microscope, the angle subtended by the object is same as that of the near point

Simple Microscope, the object near the focal point of the lens, the image is far off but closer
than infinity
Formation of image by compound microscope

Refracting Telescope

Reflecting Telescope (Cassegrain)

Important to Note:
Value of speed of light in vacuum (c)- 3 x 108 m/s
SI unit for the power of lens is Dioptre (D)
To download the Formula list and Ray Diagrams for CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 9, Ray
Optics and optical instruments, click on the link below

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