National University

College of Architecture

(S.Y 2023-2024 2nd Term)

Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications and Estimates

Submitted to:

Ar. Mark Delfin

Submitted by:

Montes, Kayla Erice

ARC 214

January 5, 2024
Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications and Estimates

Site Clearing

Part 1: General

The work done under this consists of rubbish, debris, designated trees, brush, and

other vegetations to a disposal site and the preservation of tagged vegetations

and items to remain after site clearing. All work should be performed to meet

erosion and sediment control provisions. Finish excavations to a smooth and

uniform surface, making sure not to damage the materials or the uniform surface.

When excavating, avoid disturbing objects outside the boundaries of slopes.

Excavate no further than the dimensions and elevations established, and do not

remove any material until the staking and cross sectioning of the site is complete.

All excavated materials should be used to build, subgrades, shoulders, and other

structures as required. This site preparations should be done in accordance with

P.D 1096 Green Building Code Section 14: Site Sustainability.

A. Site clearing of designated site improvements and landscaping

B. Tagging of vegetation and items to remain after site clearing.

C. Clearing and grubbing

D. Stripping and stockpiling topsoil

E. Temporary erosion and sedimentation control measures

Part 2: Products

Materials

A. Site Clearing Materials Suitable for Site Conditions:

1. Tree protection

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Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications and Estimates

2. Erosion and sedimentation control (Insulfoam – Geofoam Structural

Insulation)

3. Backhoe loader

Part 3: Execution

Preparation

A. Protection of existing vegetation, trees, landscaping, and site

improvements not designated for clearing that might get damaged by

construction activities.

B. Protect and maintain benchmarks and survey control locations throughout

construction.

C. Restore vegetation which has been damaged or pay damages by replacing

the damaged vegetation. Remove any dense grass growth before stripping.

Stockpile suitable topsoil on site that is free of large stones, foreign

substances, and weeds for reuse.

Temporary Erosion and Sedimentation Control

A. Temporary erosion and sedimentation control measures should be used to

avoid soil erosion and the discharge of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne

dust to surrounding properties and sidewalks as per Green Building Code

requirements.

Clearing and Grubbing

A. Remove any obstructions trees, shrubs, and other vegetation to make way

for new construction.

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Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications and Estimates

1. Retain trees, shrubs, and other vegetation designated to remain or

be relocated.

2. Remove stumps, roots, obstructions, and debris to a depth of 300

mm below the exposed subgrade.

B. Fill depressions created by clearing and grubbing operations with suitable

soil material unless further excavation or earthwork is required.

Topsoil Stripping

A. Remove sod and grass before scraping topsoil.

B. Strip topsoil so that it does not mix with underlying subsoil or other waste

items.

C. Topsoil must be stripped and stockpiled under generally dry conditions.

Stripping and stockpiling will be prohibited in wet weather.

Disposal of Waste Materials

A. Remove extra soil material, incompatible topsoil, obstructions, demolished

materials, and waste materials, including waste and debris, from the

Owner's property and legally dispose of them to the designated disposal

site.

Earth Moving

Part 1: General

Provide all personnel, materials, and equipment required to execute all work as

detailed on the Drawings. The works included in this section are excavating and

filling for rough grading the site, preparing subgrades for walks, pavements, turf

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Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications and Estimates

and grasses and plants, subbase course for concrete walks and pavements,

subbase course and base course for paving, subsurface drainage backfill for walls

and trenches, and excavating and backfilling trenches for utilities and pits for

buried utility structures. Suitable fill from off-site if on-site amounts are insufficient

or unsuitable, and legal disposal of excess fill off-site. After excavating

inappropriate material, the underlying ground must be proof-rolled and compacted

to the same specification as the subsequent compaction operations.

Grading Existing Surfaces

The work under this section comprises of executing all activities required to shape

the existing ground preparatory to the placement of the fill or surface material.

Grade trench bottoms accurately to give uniform bearing and support for each

section of pipe on undisturbed soil along its entire length. Make sure the pipe

subgrade has a smooth, uniform surface where the bedding material will be laid.

Excavation

Removal of material discovered above subgrade elevations and along lines

dimensions are provided. Excavate the building pad to the stipulated dimensions

and depths in the approved site plan. Provide trenching and backfill for mechanical

and electrical work and utilities. Borrow materials are to be provided when off-site

suitable fill if on-site quantities are insufficient or undesirable, and legal off-site

disposal of excess fill. It must be ensured that the excavation does not extend

below established grades.

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Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications and Estimates

Unless otherwise required by building requirements, the excavation must be large

enough to allow for the appropriate installation and removal of concrete forms or

precast structures, as well as the creation of necessary pipe connections.

Excavated trenches must be wide enough to allow for adequate pipe, conduit, or

cable laying, and banks must be sloped to meet current safety standards.

Fill

Ensure that the excavations and areas to be filled are clear of loose dirt, trash,

and standing water. Cobbles, boulders, and rock fragments whose biggest

dimension exceeds the allowed limitations for each type of fill (usually less than

75 mm for structural fill and 125 mm for general fill) are not permitted to be

incorporated into the fill. The Earthworks Contractor should consider removing big

fragments and sending them through a crusher unit to reduce their size to a

suitable grading.

Backfill

Excavated soil that is devoid of frozen material, stumps, roots, brush, other organic

matter, debris, and other objects. Place backfilled material above embedment

materials in a way that prevents pipeline damage or misalignment. Insert lifts of

the thickness required to provide the prescribed backfill density or to meet other

regulatory criteria.

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Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications and Estimates

Excess Excavation

Backfill any excavations taken that is wider than required specified for backfilling

and deeper than required with compacted material specified for backfilling.

Part 2: Products

- Excavator

- Trencher

- Loader

Geotextiles:

- TYPAR Geotextiles 3501

- TYPAR Geocomposite Drains 1A1

Materials:

1. Subbase Material: Naturally or artificially graded gravel or crushed

stone.

2. Base Course: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or

crushed gravel, crushed stone

3. Bedding Course: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or

crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand

4. Borrow Soil: Off-site soil for fill or backfill

5. Drainage Fill: Narrowly grade mixture of washed crushed or

uncrushed gravel or washed crushed stone.

6. Common Fill: Mineral soil free from unsuitable materials.

7. Structural Fill: Graded gravel.

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Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications and Estimates

8. Impervious Fill: Gravel and sand mixture capable of compacting to

a dense state

Part 3: Execution

Preparation

1. Protect structures, utilities, walkways, pavements, and other facilities from

damage caused by earth-moving operations such as settlement, lateral

movement, undermining, washout, and other dangers.

- Protect and sustain erosion and sedimentation controls during earth-

moving operations using TYPAR Geocomposite Drains 1A1 for trenches

and TYPAR Geotextiles 3501 for the rest.

2. Subgrades and foundation soils should be protected from freezing

temperatures and frost. Remove the temporary protection before adding

the next materials.

Dewatering

1. Prevent surface and ground water entering excavations, ponding on

prepared subgrades, and flooding the project site and surrounding region.

2. Subgrades should be protected from softening, undermining, washout, and

damage caused by rain or water accumulation.

3. Surface water runoff should be diverted away from excavated areas. Allow

no water to accumulate in excavations. Excavated trenches should not be

used as temporary drainage ditches.

4. Excavate soil with a 0.6m diameter and 2.4m depth for shallow wells.

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Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications and Estimates

Excavation

1. Excavation is unclassified and comprises digging to the subgrade

regardless of the materials found. Excavations beyond the heights and

dimensions mentioned below must be repaired:

a. At Structure: Concrete or compacted structural fill.

b. Elsewhere: Backfill and compact as directed.

2. Excavate 300mm for the preparation of slab with 200mm topsoil thickness.

Excavate trenches to indicated gradients, lines, depths, and elevations.

Trenches should be excavated to 0.42m uniform width as stated in the

Drawings to provide the following clearance on each side of pipe or conduit.

3. Maintain excavation stability; coordinate shoring and bracing as required

by authorities with jurisdiction. Prevent the accumulation of surface and

subsurface water in excavations. Stockpile suitable materials for reuse,

allow for sufficient drainage, and avoid stockpiling items within the drip line

of trees.

4. Place and compact backfill in excavations promptly after completing the

following:

a. Construction below grade, including sub drainage, damp proofing,

waterproofing, and perimeter insulation, where applicable.

b. Surveying locations of underground utilities for Record Documents

c. Testing and inspecting underground utilities

d. Removing trash and debris.

e. Removing temporary shoring, bracing, and sheeting

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Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications and Estimates

f. Installing permanent or temporary horizontal bracing on horizontally

supported walls

5. Place a 100mm bedding course on trench bottoms as indicated. Form

bedding course to give continuous support for pipe bells, joints, and barrels,

as well as conduit joints, fittings, and bodies.

6. Backfill voids with suitable soil while removing shoring and bracing. To

avoid damage or displacement of piping or conduit, carefully compact initial

backfills under pipe haunches and with a 100mm allowance from pipes

uniformly up on both sides and along the whole length of piping or conduit.

Coordinate backfilling with utility testing. After that, place and compact final

backfill of satisfactory soil to final subgrade elevation.

7. Compact materials to the following maximum dry density percentages by

aeration or wetting to the optimum moisture content as established by

ASTM D698:

a. Structure, Pavement, Walkways: Subgrade and each fill layer to 95

percent of maximum dry density to suitable depth.

b. Unpaved Areas: Each fill layer to 90 percent maximum dry density.

8. Place appropriate materials in layers of no more than 200mm loose depth

for heavy equipment and no more than 100mm loose depth for hand

equipment to the subgrades listed below:

a. Structural Fill: Use under foundations, slabs on grade in layers as

indicated

b. Drainage Fill: Use under designated building slabs, at foundation

drainage.

c. Common Fill: Use under unpaved areas

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Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications and Estimates

d. Subbase Material: Use under pavement, walks, steps, piping and

conduit

9. Grade regions uniformly to a smooth surface free of uneven surface

changes. Comply with compaction standards and grade to the given cross

sections, lines, and elevations. Make the transition between adjacent

existing grades and new grades as smooth as possible.

*End of Section*

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Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications Estimates

VOLUME TOTAL
EXCAVATION WIDTH LENGTH HEIGHT QTY.
(m3) VOLUME (m3)
SLAB
Slab 1 6.1 11.17 0.3 1 20.4411 20.4411
Total 20.4411

FOOTINGS
Footing (C1) 0.2 0.4 1.3 12 0.104 1.248

Footing (C2) 0.2 0.5 1.3 4 0.13 0.52

Total 16 1.768

GROUND BEAMS
Ground beam 1 0.2 10.7 0.9 1 1.926 1.926

Ground beam 2 0.2 2.9 0.9 1 0.522 0.522

Ground beam 3 0.2 8.05 0.9 1 1.449 1.449

Ground beam 4 0.2 3.05 0.9 2 0.549 1.098

Ground beam 5 0.2 11.7 0.9 1 2.106 2.106

Estimates Page 1 of 5
Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications Estimates

Ground beam 6 0.2 3.1 0.9 2 0.558 1.116

Ground beam 7 0.2 5.95 0.9 1 1.071 1.071

Ground beam 8 0.2 3 0.9 1 0.54 0.54

Ground beam 9 0.2 2 0.9 2 0.36 0.72

Ground beam 10 0.2 3 0.9 1 0.54 0.54

Total 13 11.088
WALL FOOTINGS
Wall footing 1 0.4 10.7 0.1 1 0.428 0.428

Wall footing 2 0.4 2.9 0.1 1 0.116 0.116

Wall footing 3 0.4 8.05 0.1 1 0.322 0.322

Wall footing 4 0.4 3.05 0.1 2 0.122 0.244

Estimates Wall footing 5 0.4 Page 2 of0.1

Wall footing 6 0.4 3.1 0.1 2 0.124 0.248

Wall footing 7 0.4 5.95 0.1 1 0.238 0.238

Wall footing 8 0.4 3 0.1 1 0.12 0.12

Wall footing 9 0.4 2 0.1 2 0.08 0.16

Wall footing 10 0.4 3 0.1 1 0.12 0.12

Total 13 2.464
SEPTIC TANK
Septic Tank 3.9 1.88 2 1 14.664 14.664

Total 1 14.664
DEWATERING WELL

VOLUME TOTAL
RADIUS LENGTH QTY.
(m3) VOLUME (m3)
Dewatering well 1 0.3 2.4 1 2.71434 2.71434

Total 1 2.71434
TRENCHES

Trench 1 (Sewage pipe) 0.42 4.15 0.9 1 1.5687 1.5687

Estimates Page 3 of 5
Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications Estimates

Trench 2 (Sewage
0.42 5 0.9 1 1.89 1.89
pipe)

Trench 3 0.42 2.15 0.9 1 0.8127 0.8127

Trench 4 0.42 12.2 0.9 1 4.6116 4.6116

Trench 5 0.42 1.25 0.9 6 2.835 17.01

Trench 6 0.42 9.65 0.9 1 3.6477 3.6477

Trench 7 0.42 3.2 0.9 1 1.2096 1.2096

Trench 8 0.42 16.7 0.9 1 6.3126 6.3126

Trench drain 0.42 5.05 0.9 1 1.9089 1.9089

Total 14 38.9718

Estimates Page 4 of 5
Exercise 3: Earthworks Specifications Estimates

Estimates Page 5 of 5