Write your name, index number and class in the spaces provided on the cover page of the

question paper.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

Section A
Answer one question.

Section B
Answer Question 3 from this section.

Section C
Answer one question.

Candidates should support their answers with the use of relevant examples.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Question Marks

1/2 / 13
3 / 12
4/5 / 25
Total / 50

This paper consists of 24 printed pages including the cover page.

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Section A

Answer either Question 1 or Question 2 from this Section.

1 A group of students were investigating the impact of tourism on the residents of GESS Village, which
is a village located near a farm where many tourists like to visit because of its beautiful scenery.
Fig. 1 is a sketch map of GESS Village.

A sketch map of GESS Village

1 Sites where
environmental
surveys were
Fig. 1 carried out

(a) The students carried out environmental quality surveys at the three sites shown on the
sketch map of GESS Village in Fig. 1. The higher the score, the better the environment
quality. The results of the survey are shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 showing results of the environment survey for Sites 1, 2 and 3

Environment Quality Survey for Site 1

a lot of litter on floor 4

1 2 3 5 no litter on floor
high level of air 3 low level of air
1 2 4 5
pollution pollution
very crowded with 4
1 2 3 5 not crowded
people
noisy
1 2 3 4 5 peaceful
Total environment score = 15

(Fig. 2 continues on page 3)

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Environment Quality Survey for Site 2

a lot of litter on floor 2

1 3 4 5 no litter on floor
high level of air 2 low level of air
1 3 4 5
pollution pollution
very crowded with 2
1 3 4 5 not crowded
people
noisy
1 2 3 4 5 peaceful
Total environment score = 7

Environment Quality Survey for Site 3

a lot of litter on floor 4

1 2 3 5 no litter on floor
high level of air 5 low level of air
1 2 3 4
pollution pollution
very crowded with 5
1 2 3 4 not crowded
people
noisy
1 2 3 4 5 peaceful
Total environment score = 19

Using Fig. 2,

(i) State which site has the worst environment quality

Site……………………………………… [1]

(ii) Draw a bar graph to show the total score of environment quality for each of the three
sites.

[3]

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(b) To see if the total number of people around the area affected the environmental quality,
the students decided to investigate the human traffic flow in GESS Village at the three
sites shown in Fig. 1. They carried out a pedestrian count on one of the mornings
between 9:00 and 10:00. The results of their investigation is shown in Table 1 (below).

Table 1

Results of the investigation on Pedestrian Count

site 1 site 2 site 3

Block 1 23 39 10
Block 2 21 33 8
Block 3 20 30 6

(i) Describe how the students collected the data shown in Table 1.

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(ii) Suggest one way the data collected for the pedestrian count could be made more
reliable.

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(c) The students interviewed the residents of the village in order to answer the guiding
question ‘Has tourism brought about negative impacts to the environment of GESS
Village?’ The residents’ responses were recorded on a questionnaire.

Name one sampling method you could use for the questionnaire and describe how it is
conducted.

Sampling method……………………………………………

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(d) In their questionnaire for the residents, the students included the following question on
the impact of tourism ‘What are the negative impacts of tourism on the environment of
GESS Village?’

The results of this question is shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Results of the question on the negative impact of tourism

negative impacts number of

residents
increased traffic congestion 45
increased air pollution 32
increased litter on the floors 22
loss of biodiversity 1
total 100

Using the evidence from Table 2, answer the guiding question ‘Has tourism brought
about negative impacts to the environment of GESS Village?’

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2 A group of students recorded rainfall and wind direction over 10 days for a weather
investigation.

(ai) What equipment would the students need to collect and record the data for the weather
investigation?

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(aii) Explain what the students should avoid doing in order to ensure greater accuracy when
siting the equipment in (ai).

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(b) Table 3 (below) shows the weather record of the students’ investigation and Fig. 3 shows
the total amount of rainfall for each location.

Table 3

Weather Record

day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
rainfall
15 12 14 0 4 7 8 0 0 0
(mm)
wind
W SW W NW E SE SW S NE N
direction

<Question 2b continues on page 7>

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Total rainfall for each wind direction

Fig. 3

(i) Use Table 3 (on page 6) to calculate the total amount of rainfall when the wind is from
the southwest.
[1]
…………………………… mm

(ii) Plot the total amount of rainfall obtained in (i) on Fig. 3. [1]

(c) Using evidence from Table 3 and Fig. 3, state how far the hypothesis ‘Rainfall is always
the highest when the wind is from the south’ is supported or rejected. Give reasons for
your answer.

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(d) The students were also interested in how often the wind came from each direction.

Suggest a guiding question the student could use to investigate wind direction.

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Section B

Answer Question 3 from this section.

3 (a) Study Fig. 4, a topographical map of GESS Mountains, showing the various tourist
attractions.

Lookout
Point

Wildlife Reserve

National
park

Wonderful
Waterfall
Key
Tourist Attractions
All contour lines in metres above sea level
Fig. 4

Using Fig. 4 only, describe the location of tourist attractions on GESS Mountains.

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(b) Study Fig. 5, which shows the number of tourists visiting Malaysia and Dubai from 1995
to 2003.

Graph showing number of tourists visiting Malaysia and Dubai, 1995 – 2003

Fig. 5

Using Fig. 5, compare the trends in the number of tourists visiting Malaysia and Dubai
from 1995 to 2003

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(c) ‘The media is more effective in promoting international tourism than international
organisations.’

How far do you agree with this statement? Using examples, give reasons for your
answer.

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Section C

Answer either Question 4 or Question 5 from this section.

4 (a) Study Fig. 6, which shows a map with some plate boundaries labelled on it.

Fig. 6

(i) Identify the type of plate boundary and two resultant landforms at Location X.

Type of plate boundary : …………………………………………………………….

Resultant landform 1 : ……….……………………………………………………

Resultant landform 2 : ……….…………………………………………………… [3]

<Question 4(a) continues on page 13>

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(ii) Explain the formation of the resultant landforms identified in (a)(i).

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(b) Describe how a volcanic eruption can cause problems to the people living nearby.

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(c) Explain how a land breeze is formed.

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(d) Study Fig. 8, a climate graph showing the rainfall and temperature of an unnamed
region.

Fig. 8

Using the information from Fig. 8, describe the rainfall and temperature characteristics
and identify the climate type.

Type of climate: ………………………………………………………………………………..

Temperature: …………………………………………………………………………………..

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Rainfall: …………………………………………………………………………………………

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(e) ‘Geothermal energy is the greatest benefit that people staying near volcanic areas can
enjoy after repeated volcanic eruptions.’

How far do you agree with this statement? Using examples, give reasons for your
answer.

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5 (a) Study Fig, 9, which shows the formation of relief rain.

On Fig. 9, locate and name, using the appropriate letter, the following:

A Windward side
B Leeward side
C Dew point temperature allowing water droplets to condense
D Prevailing wind direction

Fig. 9 [4]

(b) Explain how latitude may lead to variations in temperature.

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(c) Study Fig. 10, which shows an impact of climate change.

Fig. 10

With reference to Fig. 10 and studies you have made, identify and describe this impact
of climate change.

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(d) Explain how volcanic eruptions may lead to global climate change.

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(e) Study Fig. 11, which shows the change in carbon dioxide emissions from 1997 to 2007
in selected countries.

Fig. 11

Using Fig. 11, describe the change in carbon dioxide emissions.

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(f) ‘The Kyoto Protocol has been effective in reducing carbon dioxide emissions on a
global scale.’

How far do you agree with this statement? Using examples, give reasons for your
answer.

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Additional Pages

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If you use the following lined pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the
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GESS 4NA Elective Geography Prelim22 TTL PHS