Kutaisi International University Calculus I for Management

Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Florian Rupp Fall Term

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kakha Chubinidze Week 6
Ani Kashibadze, MSc., Giorgi Mujirishvili, Anano Tamarashvili

Applications of Dierentiation I
This exercise sheet consists of two parts: at rst additional exercises are given the solutions of which
are provided with the lecture slides and can serve you as further blueprints when solving similar tasks.
Then, the actual homework assignments are stated. Please, hand-in your results of the homework
assignments through MSTeams at the date and time specied in MSTeams.

Additional Exercises (see the lecture slides for solutions):

Exercise 6.1: Apply the chain rule to dierentiate the following functions:
a) f (x) = (x3 − 1)100 , b) f (x) = (2x + 1)5 (x3 − x + 1)4 , c) f (x) = 3x + x2 cos(x) ,

as well as
sin(x)
d) f (x) = ex (tan(x) − x) and e) f (x) = .
1 + tan(x)
Exercise 6.2: Implicit dierentiation.
a) Let sin(x + y) = y2 cos(x). Find y0 .
b) Let x4 + y4 = 16. Find y00 .
Exercise 6.3: L'Hospitals rules.
a) Calculate limx→∞ xex2 .
b) Calculate limx→0+ (1 + sin(4x))cot(x) .
Exercise 6.4: Compare the values of ∆y and dy if y = f (x) = x3 + x2 − 2x + 1 and x changes a)
from 2 to 2.05 and a) from 2 to 2.01.

Homework Assignment:

Problem 6.1: Application of the Chain Rule.

a) Dierentiate the given functions and simplify your answer:
1
(i) f (x) = (2e5x + 3)1.4 , (ii) f (x) = √ , (iii) f (x) = (x + 2)3 (2 sin(x) − 1) ,
4x2 + 1
as well as r
1 1 − 5x2
(iv) f (x) = 1+ , and (v) f (x) = √
3
.
3x 3 + 2x
b) (i) Find h0 (−1) if g(−1) = −1 and g0 (−1) = 1, where

5
h(x) = 3g 2 (x) + 4g(x) + 2 (g(x) + x) .

(ii) Let g(0) = 3 and g0 (0) = −2. Find h0 (0) if

 2
g(x) − x
h(x) = .
3 + g(x)
 c) Find all values of so that the tangent line to the graph of f (x) at (c, f (c)) will be horizontal:
and
p
(i) f (x) = x3 (2x2 + x − 3)2 , (ii) f (x) = x2 − 4x + 5 .

d) The value V (in thousands of GEL) of an industrial machine is modeled by

 2/3
3N + 430
V (N ) = ,
N +1
where N is the number of hours the machine is used each day. Suppose further that usage
varies with time in such a way that where t is the number of months the machine has been
in operation.
(i) How many hours per day will the machine be used 9 months from now? What will be
the value of the machine at this time?
(ii) At what rate is the value of the machine changing with respect to time 9 months from
now? Will the value be increasing or decreasing at this time?
Problem 6.2: Implicit dierentiation.
a) Find ddxy by implicit dierentiation:
(i) x2 + y 2 = 25 , (ii) y 2 + 2xy 2 − 3x + 1 = 0 ,
as well as
(iii) f (x) = (2x + y)3 = x , and (iv) f (x) = (3xy 2 + 1)4 = 2x − 3y .

b) Find the equation of the tangent line to the given curve at the specied point:
(i) x2 = y 3 , at (8, 4) ; (ii) x2 y 3 − 2xy = 6x + y + 1 , at (0, −1) ;
as well as
(iii) (1 − x + y)3 = x + 7 , at (1, 2) ; and (iv) xy = 2 , at (2, 1) .
c) Find all points (both coordinates) on the given curve where the tangent line is either hori-
zontal or vertical:
y x
(i) x + y 2 = 9 , (ii) x2 + xy + y 2 = 3 , and (iii) − = 5.
x y

d) At a certain factory, output is given by Q = 60K 1/3 L2/3 units, where K is the capital
investment (in thousands of GEL) and L is the size of the labor force, measured in worker-
hours. If output is kept constant, at what rate is capital investment changing at a time
when K = 8, L = 1000, and L is increasing at the rate of 25 worker-hours per week?
Remark : Output functions of the general form Q = AK α L1−α , where A and α are constants
with 0 ≤ α ≤ 1, are called Cobb-Douglas production functions. Such functions appear
in examples and exercises throughout our courses Calculus I and Calculus II.
Problem 5.3: Linear Approximations & L'Hospital's Rules.
a) Find the linearization L(x) of the given functions at the mentioned numbers a:
(i) f (x) = x3 − x2 + 3 , at a = 2 ; (ii) f (x) = sin(x) , at a = 61 π ;
as well as
√
(iii) f (x) = x, at a = 4 ; and (iv) f (x) = 2x , at a = 0 .
b) Suppose
√ that we don't have a formula for f (x) but we know that f (2) = −4 and f 0 (x) =
x2 + 5 for all x.
(i) Use a linear approximation to estimate f (1.095) and f (2.05).
(ii) Are your estimates in part (i) too large or too small? Explain.
c) Find the limit. Use L'Hospital's Rules where appropriate. If there is a more elementary
method, consider using it. If L'Hospital's Rule doesn't apply, explain why.
√
x2 − 2x − 8 ln( x) x · 3x
(i) lim x → 4 , (ii) lim , (iii) lim ,
x−4 x→∞ x2 x→0 3x − 1

as well as
ln(x) 1 + cos(x)
(iv) lim , and (v) lim .
x→0+ x x→π 1 − cos(x)
d) Find the limit. Use L'Hospital's Rules where appropriate. If there is a more elementary
method, consider using it. If L'Hospital's Rule doesn't apply, explain why.
ex − e−x − 2x √
(i) lim , (ii) lim xe−x/2 , (iii) lim (x − ln(x)) ,
x→0 x − sin(x) x→∞ x→∞

as well as
 2x+1
2x − 3
(iv) lim (1 + sin(3x)) 1/x
, and (v) lim .
x→0+ x→∞ 2x + 5

Problem 5.4: Applications in business and economics

a) After t weeks, a factory is producing N (t) thousand BlueRay players, where
2t
N (t) = .
t2 + 3t + 12
At what rate is the production level changing after 4 weeks? Is production increasing or
decreasing at this time?
b) At a certain factory, output Q is related to inputs x and y by the equation
Q = 2x3 + 3x2 y 2 + (1 + y)3 .

If the current levels of input are x = 30 and y = 20, use calculus to estimate the change in
input y that should be made to oset a decrease of 0.8 unit in input x so that output will
be maintained at its current level.
c) If an initial amount A0 of money is invested at an interest rate r compounded n times a
year, the value of the investment after t years is
1 nt
 
A = A0 1 + .
n
If we let n → ∞, we refer to the continuous compounding of interest. Use L'Hospital's
Rule to show that if interest is compounded continuously, then the amount after t years is
A = A0 ert .
d) Populations of consumers of very useful devices (like smart phones) initially grow exponen-
tially but eventually level o as the total population or the relevant population share is
getting exhausted (e.g. that with the relevant buying power). Equations of the form
M
P (t) = ,
1 + Ae−kt
where M , A, and k are positive constants, are called logistic equations and are often
used to model such populations. Here M is called the carrying capacity and represents the
maximum population size that can be supported, and A = MP−P 0
0
, where P0 is the initial
population.
(i) Compute limt→∞ P (t). Explain why your answer is to be expected.
(ii) Compute limM →∞ P (t). (Note, that A is dened in terms of M .) What kind of function
is your result?