Unit =N Ant ¥ 91055 ton of the Foam tty)= Og" o x 40 ee 4% 15 called polynomial in tof degree n provided a, is nok gt equal fo 2e10- where a FGF 5% Ay ane ‘eal to) compley, “Hy ahaa ss 3X" 4X) L) Pt 3x4 2427 Algebraic equabton' An equation #(x}c0 ig called ; al gebyaic equation it ta) is pandy & polynomial tn x, tr VY EGO = tra? tout | 20 VL) €Q) = x14 2034 Leo Traqa scendental equal 42 Cx) 20 contains some othey Punelions nayndy {aignomelty Bunckion , Vogetttmic Junction, extponental furction ig called Transcendental Be “tat A) eet eo DL) xsink-1 22 3) atl “220° dt to is a ‘quadratic equation 1-€, ant bite =o rae have sir ple Jormula y= —b+Jyuac [9 tind 1 o0kS . However if fly) is ao folynowtal ot higher degiee tw) on expression involving “Transcendental fupclion we have no Simple formula for Hnding tls yoots” iy Ahis cose we have Ao use approniation fo tind solution with accuely-3-03-25 @) Find Yeo! Yoots ob equation Using bijection method - Se) b(X) = 8-04) Flo) = S-S rot =). © mr-SXt =O (ve) BC) ett) = ise (Ne) ~The yoolg ties petween o ond 1 ae: AX, = OF! ae 2 t £U = 8(0-s)= (0-1) s(0-6)*1 7 A516 20(—Ve) Phe wools Wes yetwen 0 ond o-S et Poche e Ape ott \ Be ecco (0) >0 ae £ (0-5) ZO => ee = DELO 5 ic : Zz is Hoas)= (oa) #l0294 ots Poet es4 (0d) 20 %,=o1t Be anes £ (0-125) >0 The roots Me wetwem o-j25 and 0-06 qe Oalartots ob = o-\eit > £(4,)= 201845) = (olsas)-5(0-1816) +1 = 0-064) 4(0-12¢) 20 take lpetoeen 0-181 : 40-2940 The youks lies and 0-26 Hes, Orie TOs =~ Onis 2 4 6)- 4 (0.2188 = (0-2186)°- ¢(o-n188) +1 — 0-0836 40 ee 2(0.2\88) 40 P(oas)40 > 2£(0-1375) >0 The xipokS lies beboven o-le1G, and o-alte > ole NO NBS O ONC penion. a : 3 $id 2 (0.2032) = (0-209%) —s (09-20%) *] ae eg oto 20 g(olgrsyeo | FO aeallee p (0 2188) 20 The voots tres loekween 0-\e9F ud (0-289.eee = Ose 82092. gary 2 4619 = 0. 030° ene a Aa — a 29031) £0 Rlo-lsig)ob Fol) 20 (0-203) BAPE cock Utes wekwen iolasy and 077087 ag oS ONG aCe aaa 019493 x De #44) = 0-0 ee ee Ploiss)=o — #(0.1993)>0 : {o-3033) 20 =~ The toot (ies hetween 0-193 and 0-2032 Sy Ags 0-1993 + 0-2032 2 + (4) = $( 0.2013) = 06-0017 = 0-201 So1aqzyr0, #089013) 0 Plo-no) 20 2. The oot lies between 0.2013 and: O20 > Ags O-DOI340-2082 ‘ Baeie 0-2013 40-2025 See i = 0-2018 B(%_) = P(o-2018) = - 0-008 2(0-2018)70 H(oxrel8) <6 Fgura The ootd lies befween 0-208 and 9-201 > Ly = 0.20134 0-908 aol 2 P41) = 4 (0-2016) = 0-000) —__——_ — a game PCo-slt) po ~ 2(0-2018) 40 o The (oousa aes \oekween o-2016 ond. 0-2018 > os how = O-20lb+0-2018 =< 0-20\1 2 = Plo-2017) = 8(0.9017) | The ved copvoxiinate toe ok N70) edy Find the yea! yoot ot equation tom + 4 =% Shiny bijection method. lek FO) = Aony «9 F(0)=konv+¥0 - 0 Tape t Pl) = tontic.a-sou oo (72 FCtsh~e £() = kana 42 = -0-\es020 ~- The tots lies between | and 2 Pah eo Aw 2 P(x) = Ll-S)S Tonk r-t) 41-6 216-014-270 aoe =» The yoot lies belween \-¢ ond 2 ys EA Lage 5 pln)e elas) = tonll-1) 4198 . ape te 2 -3-Ho4 60 PU-s) > 4 (l-eo F040 ~The yook wes between 1-6 and I-45 ar . 2 b(m) = £ (1-628) = ton(y.ors\+ 628 = Seine 16-806 aa ee : : P(\-s)>0 (I-65) 20 C15) 40 oe The yout es bekween ES ond 1-628oe Se eae > % fly) = $(-sces) = fon(t-ce2e) T1-S02F = 122-0960 > = ae, a £C-o P(1-s625) >6 £C1-62r) <0 he woot ies lpetwean 1-626 and 1-625 > Ay? 1e6bAS AL OOF a R (nu) = P(\-ra3e)= tonl'-5a3s)+1-5938 = 41-8699 <0 = 1.6938 ps, PU-se5)>0 P(L-sazs)eo F(I-b2s)40 . The rook ies between |-£626 and (- 593 >A Ss 1-FEre4 |-5938 ee ee 2 4 a F(%5) = 2(1- 6182) = ton (1-672) +1762 = -133-yetu co —— 4(i-star)o0 P(-crgn2o0 = PL-6 938) 20 The toot Nes between 1-S626 and !-5782 >A = (e6ret 1-182 : 2 FO) = 2 (1. 6104) = Aan(i-s1ou)t L104 = 2694-4406 >6 = \-S70u F(-sers) 20 PUi-Stou)>o F(1-182) <0 The qogts Wes) between 1.5904 ang 1-782- 3 Ves Tou 4. 69$7 \.¢ 143 2 4 (4,)- Fut 143) May (1 F149) HIE IS 293. 93.93 sf Picinjso Flisan)eo $1182) 2° i nd (7S 04d MWe root ties between 1-714 ond | 3 4 BX 9 = I- Stout |- 5143 See eae 2 Bee y= eC st) = Lan (1-er20)+ 11-6124 2-01. anges e \-124 BU-sqor)>o BU-Smyeo Pi) 40 ~ The oot ies between 1-8104 -ond 1-5724 > Aq = \egto4 41-5724 a : Pltg) = ECtesqiy) = tonl-siy) 1-59 = —VSy 9638 Zo = \- 74 a Ean £U-stouyoo FU-SW2o | P(e) eo “The yook lies between |-5T0y and |-074.4 eX, = iesous Ty re ay Sal 2 vw F(t y)= #409) = tan -1709) 4 1-609 = aout oo pone Poustou)eo — FQ- -ereq)e 4(-ris)eo The voor its between 1.5704 ‘and cn= \- 5104 + |-5709 5 x = as LOS) a : ae - ul src = \-5 707 2 The eppyorimade voot of tony en ts 1-716] 1) Find the veel xeotsmul sthe equadion -bx-4 = 0 by using oijection metho — Cns_ 2-11.) Lek Fx) = bx-4 £(c)= -W20 FO\e Neb geo L)= 3-7-4 =-$240 B(s)= Qa-le-Y = § 70 22 a P£(0)20 #(0-5) <0 $¢a)>0 The Pooks Ves between 2 and 3 AG ae ee ae ig 4% Nie 200-9) = 2Ouy= (25) mez) ag “3-316 <0 > The vook tres. between aCand 3 >t 5 BAB C pag : D Lae 2019 = (0-18) Ca 90 ee 5 ie ae Ba-s)eo 4-19) £(3) 20° The, qocmves: asbetwecis 2e5s and. 2-16ET 1 2-h4a75 2.06 £ Cy : 5 Wt Co.org) - (o-grr)= GU-025)-4 = = Ibe, eae FO-5\eo £(a-098) 20 Gana abe Yoo! Wes belween 2-606 ond 2-1 — OG dbpatic | eS : FOS) = Bocpas) < Courts) bO-09 -4 = ~ O-re 9. 6816 eee P-tr\eo $f lotyrsyeo (2.15) 20 The woot ties between 2-685 and 21e oe 5 = NGF The — apprenimede—root tok 9 bya 20 +3 fa.) = coe 88) <-0. W320 P(2-69s\e0 —-2.0- aiee)2o ; NGaned -. The vook {es between 9-411¢¢ and. 2-1 Toe DNR yuh ae ea ce (45) = £(2-1364) = 0-03855 >0 es P(aa196)20 Ftp) 20 $1976 Sit cot- Vespe aecoere = 29-1266 2 g.12té) = — 0-084 £0 > ee £(x)° 40 fee $ (2-188) £0 £(2-1266) 26 eae) >6 ~ The deoka Wey bekdeens 2 ete arama >= ese 2-166 $9194 = 2.1300 Lz £(x4) = 42-1306) = —0-o2f420 £ (2-166) <0 £(y-n30r)<6 (2-154) >0 ~ The vook Wes bebwoeen 2-1306 and 2-134, + Ue = 2- 1308 + 2139 = 9-139 2 Ly) 2 2 (o-9319) = 0-d61U=0 £(2-Bos) 20. - (738 oo $2134) 0 ~The took ties befween 2-1306° and 92-1328 Aq = 2-130 64 2-1326 2B PERE Fou) = $ (2B) = —0-004020 oe ee ea fOoasesleo F(27319)40 4-325) >6 -. The xook Nes between 2-1310 and 2-130eee Ae ta Spy ios {ey (9.132) = -0-000$ 20 2-192 — Lorne, Fo-1w)40 ~The rocks Wes between 9-137 and 2-192 tans) 20 ee PEI 91323 2 ©. obou so > Hay Fa.) = eS F(QAM)2 0 P(a.4323)>0 P(o-1328) >0 to = 2-RBL+ 2-73%3 Be = AML 2 ty) = 00662 >0 Llgapizo $O-2)>0 £(27323)20 The ook Wes between 2-732 aol 213072 Pye BLE RTIA s aga) ees foe é : The approximate vert of Wbx-uzo tyan 2) Sint % (ans +t U33) oY) Gin = d ae usinn - V0 $ (x) = WSint — 1 # tls) = -140 MWe =OANSIEY R(o) = 0-4lse 70 = The ook \ies between { and 2 > Ag ee 2 L(t.) 0-4%G2 20 2 I-F ~ eles) 20 4 (>) 70 £120 2 Theeset Vies between \ and eG Pete - (eles a, 2 “4Ot) = 0- (862 76 eae £(\) 20 4 ({-29) 20 £00 = The srocceticoepersce) 7 and 125 = ils DALES 2 Loe L fC) = 0-016 >6 Cao PCR ielet ete) 70 The toolp ies betwee’ | and (126feo peer obrs Lz FQ) = = We Wal 2G) FC) Lo L\-ab2s) <0 £ (tine) >e See rook Wes belween tober and I ler aie Pu = 1-062 + (star 2 1.0938 £OW)= —0-0282 20 FU\-o62F) <0 HC GOS £1426) > 0 ~The root lies ekwen 1-093% and 1-226 See er ener ay FO1.) =-—0-0666 20 ee F-09820. FC requ) —, ACjre)>0 = The ook (es between |-1014 and (lee ™> Xoo \-\oww +) -\oo 6 Fe AAW oe AX E)= y- 0042 >0 R(oaudeo CIT) >0 F(-t2e} > 0 ~~ The tool lhes between 1.044 ond |-tI72 => ot, = 1)2044 4 Lr ~ e \~\133 oS 5 is The approximate rout Cacct et\S OSes rete Regula- Felsi to False- Position Method = This is the oklest method fo Finding the veal Yoo o& an equation . This fs very slow pyocecs. >4n his method we chose two points (%05%,) Such tho P01), £(%) ore opposite syns > Since the qragh of ye tor) crocseS the 4-axig between these two POPS A (grt Ore) , (4,464) (Heit 40)A Y- HC) = $0) - 2) X,—%o o-4$(4,) = EO)- boy (4% ) Fits) xl) = ALEC) — APO) ash 1) + 08/0) I, (4) - $00)) = 4 EG) + Hof) ee eer F(x) 4040) (1) s 40076 Smitladly Rough Dae hy) 40 2 tale ee Foun 44) FOG) #04)NG Ah 4) 46%) SSS ; : 4014) 4a LOY “P(x #043) 3) Ky Xr pis dyblte) ts 2 OH) oe At FA) 404) Beas) -£ O49) 8) ind the rook of an equection Wo tee using RE (er) FP method Sott) Let 4@-y_o* 0 Put yo Rn 26) cio etalon Po iin o £Q)= 1-€S 0.433150 P(c)eo aie the Yook {les Velinen’ fo conta Let eS 5 : , X=) £4.) =~ Ns 404.) = 0-639) | 8 a y Usig Regula eas) method t= Ula) 1 tty 4(4,) -2(%,) a= UL (ono-6321)- C1 x1] 4, = 0-6124 PU) = ciglatre sacl! me 4(4)) = 0.0708 >0The toot kes between Xe 70 ONC oe al fUic)=t | Re 0.0708 Ae Af (Ar = X48 (He) P(d,) —P(%) [ Cox o-708) _ (026197 xt) [ o-ors-C) 0-572 $4) = 2 (0- sya) =o S127- 0 ye : ie phe a (eo -0078 20 Y ve Sal ote hes beeen A ane lets ’ 1,20 eg ae : a Pig) ==\ B(ay)2 0-0774 i ee 84s) = % FE) aie : Hv) - PO) a 2(4y) = 0-0004 > 0 AG ond ty The vot Kies between Xo y= 0 oe =o-s6m £04.) = : ; Hoy = = 0 Ca: 6 q Ark By Sind teusz-170 «=| @ Sop) ie fox) = Bann + Cost a i‘ eein0t (o> aaa Pace in © 2(©)* Sin te 0-3818 50 Sen los! alee Z xe) in © PC) = St0 i i ~ ~0-GFO6R a Me pt) asin tO ‘ =| and a 2. The toot lies betwen %o Xo=\ aH, 22 £(4)=20-391 Hii) = 0° 5068 By RE method 4ytlt) AEC 2 | uname PEK) 404) sin (429) * Ces (1-917) “al pi 40%) = 4(1-u297) = » £(%,) = 0-301 >0 * The root lies betwen 4, ano x, ee ee Pla)e-o.coge #(%2) = 0-1307 Aye 240) -% $4) 7 FG) = 2G) Pts) = 2-54 60) = sinCesysc) + cos(lesuec) — | U,) = 0-0239 >0 = \~Su66 7 The soak Ves bebseen 1%, and a, HK, ae oe = lesute £1, )=v-40lg(an, 4G) - ata) louie ———-= = \es670 2 C165) — 20) J flay) = £C1-St70) = 0-003% >0 ~ The ook Nes: between %, and %y MH, =2 Ay= 12-6670 FM) =-0 -5068 PS $ oly) = 0-003¢ © (4 OW) = C0] ee A SU C FO)-2Gy] 7 z tO) = 0-0006 >0 :Tromtook lies belnon . The approximate vook of sintteos¥—_ is 1-602 08-23 ; : end, the eal gooks of the equation wlogt —1- 226 Using RLF ta) e-P mothod. Tpose-t0 rH) Let RG) = xlogr--2 — © pul 320 ins? Ate 0: al wisi pt x=t in M -$C)= 0-1-2 = 4.220 pulx=g in © (y= Qlog2—t.2 ae 0g pul x=s th O £(3)= logs —'-2 = 0.2314 SO : . The root Ves. beloeo. 9 ago ee yer X= 3 F(x.) =-0.5979 Sia = 0-2310 "by using ME methodpa ttt) £07) - £(%,) Lee Eee { (0 - 2314 ~(-0--a79)) = FOG) = 29-4210) . 2-770 & log(2 7210) ~ 1-2 40%) ~ Bm 26 7.71906\ LOG, a 2-406 x log (2-140 6) ~ \-? t(otu) = —O- 00004 <9. fseen , oe a Ge ~ TRO oot liesaaee o2tuet hea ge E18 4 cu: D-00904 Cy) = 0-230 [xt@a) = = 4b) 2a [3c -1)] i. Ee [ Gree. 90004) oe Aye KO- aete, =o Ars? j.re ay Methed- a0 ~ Iteration Methool + Led the given equation ye foc) <0 sh, fewtnis Tn Co 49 q ~ dt F)L5) 24 then the voots (leg fn beh ee a ond b. a > aPhen My = oth ™ Convey the equation Into X=q(4) Form, ~ Take tho Tecate aon sey = 9 (i) Wheve | 10), ce 2 ; ™ Continue the Process upto get tra) val 4 epeated “Note « g'(%) 2 | ® Flng the woot ot the equation B20 Using teva on wothool, ' a) Toe eye Pew ut =o in oO Ao) = cco: ieFrown O88 a eae ; Bs WT ae é x= a 3 - g(x) = (ox*+0) se : g'(x) = Loma i bo) 9 (40) = Loa ets) 5 (9 gtesd~ 4 Oe shes X40) a5 g\(2-5) s ouaur 2 | Consider Recuvence pelation aes = 9 i) " fe Xe = (eas Ag 5 =O | © > i V=0 in A= ne ot> Put te2 In O X= (Cx? asyi Aye ee bay)? m Soren l=3 wv E x = (opis) ; sis 1 )5 Ay = (20-460 +o My > 26792 ome put isu th @ wil BS >(2 CaaS) = pul i-G th @ L te = (rg acy} me as %6 = (2(2.6960) + 5)? > Similarly: he = 226 £40. Ag = 9.604 2 a 2-6903 lo > 2-6208 x 7 fl 2.6106 Hip = 26906 Spe ap POR mabe woot. ol Geo eau aeee year voots of x1-%-lO=0 by usting RE (ot) FP method - wot) Leb Beye xtat-1o<@ —0 puke 4-0. in © BG@)= 0-0-10=-10.<0 puk a im 20 PO) Talo a put t-2 Mm © f) = I6-2-l0 = UDO ~ Tre roots Wee betwee X,=1 ond %,=2! Ao =\ ee Boas 10% ACES oe Gred cate | feet (201) — 2049] 2 Ag= l-al4 3 £06) 2 8().400) = ()-783) = (1-749) “10 ® £04) = -3-0776 <0 ~. Te root Wes between xpand £5 < 1-13 SS Xy = e143 Pa)SUT > £0) =-3-011¢ ee [2,£00) -%, 2G) J L C (2 -3.0716) —Cl-Al43 x 4) J C404) AK A) x = t-83995° H,=2 [ -3-077¢-4 a Pay) = Plrsser) = (t.s3er) + (1.8390) —10 Fay) = -oeuy Zo ‘The roott (res els een et and mye (BOLpf m, = |.¢885 TOK) 24 er 404) 0.436 jj N= Gate) — xt60)) Cayenne) (sess C 404 )-e0,)] Fooane. yn Moe 1-eT36 4)= $ (4-95.30) = Cr-era¢) = (1-9536) 10 F(x.) = &£e) = 60028 >0 ‘ ~ The ook lies between y= !-6536 and eles 4 = (8036 healer. PChy) =o 0464 | £ (ule) = 0-0028 se Ca ee (PO) = HOM [(acaeh 0-0028)-04 Sao eee Oe = 152566: : stags ae » The appionimate Yoot bee xtx-ozo 5 |oie Find a eel yot of the equation Cos = 3y-4 conect to 4 decimel places using iteration methed ek £@) 2 com-3x +1 —O put x20 in © , #@)zl-0tl =270 pus x=1 in O | PU) HOS Bm = 497 ZO the wot hes between 0 and’ { COSt — 314+ ( =O CoSt+ 1=3% pe C+ cos x) Let g(x) = SCtcor) g! On) = —S in Bs g'(%) = ~ Sunita g'(o-5) = =Sinlos) — _9.4cage) 3 g (ose \ ~ Recyrvence relation 16 Hi+1= gtx) day eres) —O yp Rab neo om © a =t (ittosys) j Xe 4 (1tcos (es) = 0°6259 > Pub et in & : = 4 Crees) et (44cosloorra) 2 0-6035Ra 44 (ovcoss,) zt ale cos(0- es) a a ho ~- the APP Hlmale nook of cocy-ax 4} —, 6») eae Neal: Yook a) tek ayy e at w; x Ne ee Me (Ce: cos(_0-¢078)) Hes A 0-607) A, = teat (rs ces 0-601) , se of Bot=o PoE|— pat X=o0 in O #(0) = oS) in 0 #00) = Inf]. We i as °-60718 5 (teodp- con) 0-600 i (axcogata) L (i +cos x at c) 0 607) ca f iteyg 6 =H bis 20tet glt)= (sx-) © gia) = + (ex-9 (s) (me) = Se (ste) a g' (o-s)= 5 a 3 Now yr-oxr | 20 Keer) ne L(+!) vet gi) = + (+) Bae oe ax) = + (wo) oe ey Ge vv % e 4 i (x) = 3M 2 9\(0-s)= 20-5) e ace) oi = Wee Relatim 1S yar = GOO ble faie tray ee OD) ae > Put ico in @Q- a2 (et) o 2h (O t etag pak is 2 tn @ 1,74 (x4 \ \ ont) XA 4 ( (2 (7) 5 4 o-2016 cs fut i53, ie © Nye i (9241) Hye t (co-r0ttl*9 Ay = 0-2016 x ‘ -- The Op PYOxX! mate Tok oh aoermelae. ine BY Find the wot of on equation Perit (0 by Theration methed. ee gt FO) aPnrei=o #(4) = 320 Pei) =459 4(0) = I>0 4) = 3>0 4x (2 50 #(s)= 30 +l) = >0 > The voot lies belwen _y and 2 fee ote b> jae Z BP tvr4 | 50 =-(14¥) a= C9] 5 Let gu)= E (awag(a) = [3 (1490) 3 xox] - Oe Whik 5 gi (0) = EX Cone) Fay] gaye [Fe Oresyy Cro] f& +4 gh (8)= 0 Ussee | ow Peewrence velaie® Gb at-yy = gt) 77 har = [9d 8 © atet Teo i @ a= [oCeeaes x, x \eS ns lo(a~1) Am 0086 e) Find o Took neay 3.¢ of the equation A N09, =1 . Coyrect to four decimal placer, foes + (0) Xe tbe st FCA 4 (3) alal= & (609, 9) #0) co Flu). >0 Methed — py t Newton - Rophsor's Method t Consider dhe Live degree ” equadion P00=agt40r, hen he solublen of equation (D given by X= -Da By ae Fom @ P&) =a, pees Hoa, = Fron ak Kak Hay) = agity +0, —© From ©, © # Che) = EOE) he 0, a= 4%) tL 4'() © a Eom 0,0 er ~~ EQ 1 ly) ; eG aewhere Exe ee Note? ) Tis method foils ae #\(x) =0 ») Newkon - faphson's method converg 2S enero «lea? ) Hind the -teol oot of the equation WHO by using newton vophson's method - ol) ret Bx) = y-¥4 0 aod) = 395) put xeo in O and 2(OVE o-o-M = 40 zi in O gd #0) = (-1-4e4ee y=r wn O ond #0), = p29 270 . ~ The woot {ies between | ane yar BE ats By using nestor) Raphson's method * Lan ee Lo). Fe KH x 20). Q@ 3 Mgr gan Case _\+ put Keo" nO < AyeA%o— Fe) > we \ ° Sek Cas) ite 2 | +(e) S Ges | We 13696 i carat put Ket in @ t= Ke aie = tere — [Ci-0¢9)’C1-8616)-40 alx = £3 (v.96) 1