VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI - 590018

Internship Report
On

REAL-TIME HEART RATE AND SpO2 ANALYSIS USING

MAX30100 WITH NODEMCU8266 AND PYTHON DATA LOGGING
[18ECI85]
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

By
ADITYA S
1JT20EC001

Conducted in

Centre for Incubation, Innovation, Research and Consultancy

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Jyothy Institute of Technology
Tataguni, Off Kanakapura Road, Bangalore-560 082
Academic Year 2023-2024
 Jyothy Institute of Technology
Tataguni, Off Kanakapura Road,
Bangalore-560 082

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

Certificate
This is to certify that the Internship work entitled “Real-time Heart Rate and SpO2
Analysis using MAX30100 with NodeMCU8266 and Python Data Logging” is a Bonafide
work carried out by ADITYA S (IJT20EC001) in partial fulfillment for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering of
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the academic year 2023-2024. It is
certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report and deposited in the department library. The project report has been
approved as it satisfies the academic requirement in respect of the Internship work prescribed
above-said degree.

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal

Mr. DEEPAK V INGALE Dr. K CHANDRASEKHAR Dr. K. GOPALAKRISHNA

Assistant Prof., ECE Dept. HOD Principal
Dept. of E & CE Dept. of E & CE Jyothy Institute of Technology
Jyothy Institute of Technology Jyothy Institute of Technology

External Viva:
Name of the Examiner Signature with Date
1.

2.
CERTIFICATE FROM COMPANY
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Internship work entitled, “Real-time Heart Rate and SpO2
Analysis using MAX30100 with NodeMCU8266 and Python Data Logging”, which is
submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree Bachelor of Engineering from
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi is an authentic record of Bonafide work
carried out by me at CIIRC®., Bangalore during the academic year 2023-2024.

Date: Signature of Student

Place: BENGALURU ADITYA S
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance and
encouragement were the reason for the successful completion.

I would like to express special gratitude to CIIRC®, Bengaluru, for providing an

internship at Affordable Medical Devices Laboratory.

I am grateful to the esteemed institution “Jyothy Institute of Technology” for

providing an opportunity to complete this Internship Project.

I owe my success to and wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Krishna
Venkatesh, Director of CIIRC®.

I owe my success to and wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to our beloved Principal,
Dr. K Gopalakrishna, Jyothy Institute of Technology who has been a constant source of
inspiration and light.

I would like to thank Dr. K Chandrasekhar, Head of the Department of Electronics

and Communication Engineering, Jyothy Institute of Technology for his encouragement and
guidance.

I sincerely thank Mr. Deepak V Ingale, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics

and Communication Engineering for the constant guidance, encouragement, support, and
invaluable advice without which the Internship project would not have become a reality.

I sincerely thank Mr. Keshava Gowtham NS, Research Engineer, for the constant
guidance, encouragement, support, and invaluable advice without which the Internship
project would not have become a reality.

I sincerely thank Mr. Gowtham C, Research Engineer, for the constant guidance,
encouragement, support, and invaluable advice without which the Internship project would
not have become a reality.

I would like to express gratitude and respect to all teaching and non-teaching staff
who have rendered help, encouragement, and intellectual influence during the course of the
work. I am very much indebted to our parents and friends for their moral support and
encouragement to achieve higher goals and for every support they gave us.

ADITYA S

ii
 ABSTRACT
This internship work presents a comprehensive health monitoring system leveraging the integration of a
MAX30100 sensor with a NodeMCU8266 microcontroller. The system enables real-time tracking of
vital signs, including heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels. Data is transmitted to a Python
program for visualization through dynamic plotting. Additionally, the program facilitates secure storage
of heart rate data in an Excel spreadsheet, allowing for long-term trend analysis. With applications
ranging from remote patient monitoring to fitness tracking, this project showcases a versatile solution
for personalized health assessment and wellness management.

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii & iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF TABLES vi

CHAPTER 1: ORGANISATION AND DEPARTMENTS 1-3

1.1 ABOUT ORGANISATION 1-2

1.2 ABOUT DEPARTMENT 3

CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE 4

2 INTRODUCTION 4
2.1 WHAT IS MAX30100 MODULE?
2.2 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE INTERNSHIP 4

CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF INTERNSHIP 5-7

3.1 LITERATURE SURVEY 5-7
3.2 METHODOLOGY 7

CHAPTER 4: HARDWARE DESIGN 8-14

4.1 COMPONENTS REQUIRED 8
4.2 CIRCUIT DAIGRAM 8
4.3 PIN CONNECTION 9
4.4 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION 10-14
4.4.1 MAX30100 10-12
4.4.2 NodeMCU 8266 12-14

CHAPTER 5: SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION 15-16

5.1 KiCad 15-16

iii
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND IMPACT OF INTERNSHIP 17-18
6.1 CONCLUSION & IMPACT OF INTERNSHIP 17-18

REFERENCE 19
APPENDICES 20-24
APPENDIX SUPPORTING DATA SHEETS 20-24

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

Figure 4.1 Circuit diagram of 8

MAX30100 module

Figure 4.2 Interfacing NodeMCU8266 9

with MAX30100 module

Figure 5.1 KiCad software logo 16

Figure 5.2 Schematic diagram 16

Figure 5.3 Layout diagram 16

v
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

Table 4.1 Components used for the design 8

Table 4.2 Pins which are used to connect with 12

NodeMCU866

Table 4.3 Pins which are used to connect with 14

MAX30100 module

vi
Real-time Heart Rate and SpO2 Analysis using MAX30100 with NodeMCU8266 and Python Data Logging

CHAPTER 1
ORGANISATION AND DEPARTMENT

1.1 ABOUT THE COMPANY

The “Centre for Incubation, Innovation, Research and Consultancy (CIIRC®), is a joint
initiative between Sri Sringeri Sharada Peetham, Sringeri, and Jyothy Institute of Technology
(JIT), Bengaluru. CIIRC® has emerged with a promise of ushering in a new philosophy by
bringing for the first time on the same platform the diverse components of science, engineering,
business orientation, and skill development with emphasis on innovation, incubation, and
research leading to successful entrepreneurship. The understanding of all these three aspects
thus forms the core of academic & research erudition at CIIRC, JIT, and market research
alongside business planning forms the basis of the enterprise component. The essential outcome
of any academic pursuit apart from imparting knowledge should be to enable the students to
become readily employable or create their own industries, firms, or enterprises. Hence an IEDC
Centre has been established to nurture and hone the skills of budding entrepreneurs. CIIRC being
a multidisciplinary research Centre aims to bring together complementary streams of activities
for the benefit of society.

The domains envisaged at CIIRC are Water, Health, Energy, Environment, Agriculture, Food,
and Homeland Security addressing societal and environmental needs. Towards this, a platonic
relationship is being built with a number of companies and institutions within the country and
outside India.

To support the same research labs have been established in the vistas of:

Sophisticated Instrument Facility Food Technology

Affordable Medical Devices & Sensors Nano-biotechnology
Ancient Indian Sciences Nanoscience & Engineering
Autonomous Systems Plant & Microbial Technology
Bio-composites & Biopolymers Remote Sensing & VLSI
Cell and Molecular Biology Surfaces & Interfaces
Computational Engineering Thermal Engineering
Energy Tribology
Environment Water

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The Centre is equipped with sophisticated instruments such as SEM, XRD, HPLC, DSC, TGA,
FT-IR, Lyophilize, GC, Electrochemical Workstations, PCR, BSC–L2, ELISA, BET SA,
Battery Tester, Climatic Chamber, and others.

A qualified group of 50 faculty researchers consisting of 35 doctorates and 15 Master’s from

premier institutes has been set up to support the center considering that the coming decade shall
be driven by knowledge-based economies. Research at CIIRC is wide-ranging with a blend of
scientists and engineers contributing toward the development of novel technologies that are
Efficient, innovative, and sustainable for civil, military, and societal applications. Faculty-
Researchers at CIIRC have the experience of successfully executing several funded projects in
the past espoused by leading agencies like DST, MNRE, DOS, DAE, AR & DB, NRB, DRDO,
PSU, KSCST, Vision Group on Science and Technology (VGST)-GOK and others supported by
numerous patent filings.

Currently, there are ongoing projects funded by DST, DRDO, DOS, UGC-DAE, DBT, DIC, and
BIRAC and a few more in the pipeline are being positively considered for funding. The Faculty-
Researchers have collaborations and ties with Institutions and Organizations at the Individual
and Institutional levels both within and outside the country. Identifying the capability of CIIRC,
ISRO has set up the IRNSS Satellite Receiving Station at the campus. The members at the Centre
have been globally recognized with several laurels such as Commonwealth, Hungarian, DBT,
Ramalinga Swamy Fellowship, Honeywell Silver Plaque, Most Innovative Enterprise, and
others.

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AFFORDABLE MEDICAL DEVICES

At the Affordable Medical Devices and Sensors Laboratory, broad interdisciplinary research
efforts on biosensors and biomedical devices are being carried out by blending the biological
world of living systems with an electronic interface that amalgamates scientists and engineers
who are passionate and committed to offering optimal solutions to the social eco-system. The
focus of the research is on the development of novel Nano and micro-technology-based sensing
approaches for medical diagnostics in collaboration with academic, clinical, and industrial
partners from both India and abroad. In addition, the team also uses nano-bioelectronic
approaches for building, modeling, and interfacing device prototypes. On the other hand, the
laboratory also works on rapidly developing areas such as biomimetic systems, assay
development, biological chemistry, and biomaterials for various applications in biomedical and
therapeutic areas.

PROJECTS:

Exploring the Dynamics of Pancreatic Peptide-Membrane Interactions through Nano-scale

Imaging: Implications on Type II Diabetes Mellitus – SERB-DST.

Development of an Electrochemical Biosensor System for the Rapid Detection of Bio-warfare

Agents – DRDO.

Design and Development of an Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Detection of Amyloid

Beta in Biological Fluids of Alzheimer’s Patients collected on Dried Matrix Spots – BIRAC-
CEFIPRA.

Development of a Novel Hemostatic Material as a Rapid First Aid Solution – BIRACSRISTI.

Development of Affordable IoT-Based Soil Health Monitoring System for the Increased Crop
Production – SSPS.

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CHAPTER 2
Real-time Heart Rate and SpO2 Analysis using MAX30100 with
NodeMCU8266 and Python Data Logging

2. INTRODUCTION

2.1 WHAT IS MAX30100 MODULE?

The MAX30100 is an integrated pulse oximetry and heartrate monitor sensor solution. It combines two
LEDs, a photodetector, optimized optics, and low-noise analog signal processing to detect pulse oximetry
and heart-rate signals.

2.2 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF INTERNSHIP

1. To get familiar with soldering (through-hole).

2. To learn PCB Design using KiCad software.
3. Fabrication of a single-layer PCB Design.
4. To program NodeMCU8266 interfaced to a MAX30100 module device using serial
communication via USB port and write a python program to plot the heart-rate and SpO2 values in
real time and also storing the heart-rate values in a excel sheet.

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CHAPTER 3
DESCRIPTION OF INTERNSHIP

3.1 LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Design of Reflectance Pulse Oximeter and BPM using the Max30100 Sensor in Early
Detection of Hypoxemia in Patients with Cardiovascular Disorders
Abstract:
Blood oxygen saturation meter is a tool used to monitor the state of oxygen saturation in the
blood and also the patient's heart rate (BPM) and to assist in the physical assessment of the
patient without going through blood gas analysis. Oxygen saturation measuring devices
usually use the difference in the wavelengths of red and infrared led light that will be
captured by the photodiode. The purpose of this research is to make a pulse oximeter
equipped with a display of SPO2, BPM values and an additional SP02 signal. The design of
this measuring instrument uses the MAX30100 sensor, the minimum system circuit of
Arduino ATmega328p and OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode). Data from the
MAX30100 sensor enters the I2C pin on the minimum Arduino system, then the
microcontroller is processed to produce the percentage of SPO2 value, BPM value, and SPO2
signal which is then displayed on the OLED. The test is done by comparing the module with
standard measuring instruments which produces the largest % error of 0.81% for Spo2 and
0.87% for BPM. The error presentation is obtained from factor measurements, if there is
finger movement it will cause a large error.

2. Max 30100/30102 Sensor Implementation to Viral Infection Detection Based On Spo2

and Heartbeat Pattern
Abstract:
Oxygen level present in the human body is a measure that shows the amount of Oxygen
Saturation (SpO2) present in Red Blood Cells (RBC). It is as essential to check blood oxygen
level as checking the body temperature level for wellbeing concerns. Particularly during the
current circumstance when the viral infection and its outbreak is way normal. The recent
episode of destructive infections like COVID-19, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
(MERS), Ebola, Lassa Fever, Zika Virus, Yellow Fever, and latest Influenza A [H3N2 and
H1N2]warns us to stay ready for forthcoming virus attacks.[1] It is apparent from ongoing
researches that the immune system of our body is likewise demonstrated by the SpO2 levels.
All in all, we can say that the blood oxygen level is the non-intrusive method of recognizing
the resistance capacity of an individual against the virus attack [2]. Oxygen level degradation
is one of the major lethal explanations behind the passings of deaths in the recent COVID-19
cases. It was taught to ceaselessly screen the blood SpO2 level, as blood oxygen loss is
generally not distinguished. Till the patient arrives at the emergency clinic, they normally
breakdown due to lack of oxygen and respiration problems. Our paper proposes the Heart
Beat and SpO2 sensor [Max 30100/30102] interfacing to check the immunity level of
individuals. The framework is associated with an ESP8266 based IoT module to screen the
body parameters like SpO2 and Heartbeat, live on the web.

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3. Prototype of Body Temperature and Oxygen Saturation Monitoring System Using

DS18B20 and MAX30100 Sensors based on IOT
Abstract:
After people died from infections during the COVID-19 epidemic, this attracted a lot of
attention. COVID-19 causes symptoms such as fever, headache, sore throat, shortness of
breath, and others. Many deaths are asymptomatic, which makes the problem even bigger.
Therefore, real-time system monitoring is needed. Monitoring will be carried out about
measuring body temperature and oxygen saturation in patients. Monitoring body temperature
is necessary because it can detect symptoms of COVID-19 in patients earlier. The concept of
the Internet of Things (IoT) is to enable devices to send and receive data over an internet
network. The monitoring system to be built uses NodeMCU ESP8266, DS18B20 sensor, and
MAX30100 sensor. Data communication is used in the exchange of information using WiFi.
Applications made using MIT App Inventor are used to view body temperature and oxygen
saturation data. This system is expected to reduce the number of deaths due to COVID-19.
DS18B20 sensor has a sensor accuracy of 99,73% and an average error of 0,27%.
MAX30100 sensor has an accuracy rate of 99,18% and an average error of 0,82%. Delay test
results show an average of 155,57 ms, and packet loss test results show an average of 0%.
The result of a system that has been tested said that both sensors can read well.

4. Measurement device for detecting oxygen saturation in blood, heart rate, and
temperature of human body
Abstract:
The progress of science and technology must be able to help resolve human medical problems
for human survival. In this study, integrated measurement of oxygen saturation in the blood,
heart rate and temperature of the human body have been made into one tool whose
measurement results are displayed directly on the LCD display on a measuring instrument
and an Android Smartphone. This tool uses Arduino Nano as its Microcontroller, Bluetooth
as wireless serial communication with Android smartphone, Android Application Made with
MIT App Inventor, MAX30100 sensor is used to measure blood oxygen saturation and heart
rate, and MLX90614 sensor to measure body temperature. Testing Measurements that have
been made are calibrated with Industrial standard measuring instruments (Oximeters) and
digital thermometers. The result is that the accuracy of the tool reaches 99.62% for blood
oxygen saturation measurements, 97.55% for heart rate, and 99.62% for body temperature
when compared with industry standard devices. Android applications have been successfully
installed on 5 types of smartphones with different brands and specifications. The Bluetooth
range of a measuring device for a smartphone in maximum data transfer is 29 meters without
a hitch and a maximum of 21.5 meters with obstacles.

5. Reflective type blood oxygen saturation detection system based on MAX30100

Abstract:
Oxygen is the key material to human's life, and oxygen saturation is one of the important
indexes reflecting organic oxygen delivery status. Determining oxygen saturation in human
blood by transmittance oxymetry is well developed as a monitoring technique, which is
applied widely in clinical diagnosis or house health care. However, reflectance detecting is
necessary in many circumstances, such as cerebral oxygen saturation, muscle oxygen

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saturation, or fetal oxygen saturation monitoring. So the reflective type oxygen saturation
detection system gradually has become main flow of development. Based on the principle of
oxygen saturation measurement, this paper introduces a blood oxygen saturation detection
system design scheme based on the integrated chip MAX30100, which can simplify the
circuit design, reduce system footprint, reduce the designing time and system power
consumption. Through introduces the system hardware and software structure, signal
processing methods and other aspects of the study to achieve the fingertip pulse signal
acquisition and noise reduction processing. Through practical test, the system prototype
machine realizes the function of pulse oxygen saturation detection.

3.2 METHODOLOGY

1. Understood the working of MAX30100 module and its applications.

2. Studied the working principle of MAX30100 module & then interfaced to NodeMCU8266.
3. A python program was written to plot the heart-rate and SpO2 values. The program was also
made to store the heart-rate values in excel sheet.
4. To program the NodeMCU8266 Microcontroller device using serial communication via
a USB port and the plotting of heart-rate and SpO2 values in real time and the storing of
heart-rate values are done by making use of Python.

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CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE DESIGN

4.1 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

SL.NO COMPONENT SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

NAME
MAX30100
1 7 pin module 1
module

2 NodeMCU ESP8266 17-GPIO pins 1

3 Micro-USB cable Data transferable 1

4 Berg Connector Female to Female 5

Table 4.1: Components used for the design

4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 4.1: Circuit diagram of MAX30100 module.

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4.3 PIN CONNECTIONS

Figure 4.2: Interfacing NodeMCU8266 with MAX30100 module.

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4.4 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

4.1.1 MAX30100

The MAX30100 module is a compact, integrated pulse oximetry and heart-rate sensor.
It combines two LEDs, a photodetector, optimized optics, and low-noise analog signal
processing to detect pulse and blood oxygen levels.
Operating Voltage:
The MAX30100 module operates within a voltage range of 1.8V to 3.3V.
Temperature Range:
The module is designed to function reliably across a wide temperature range, from -40°C to
+85°C.

Key Features:

 Dual-wavelength LEDs (Red and IR) for accurate readings.

 Integrated photodetector with analog front-end.

 Measures heart rate and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2).

 Ultra-low power consumption for battery-powered applications.

 I²C interface for communication with microcontrollers.

 Small form factor suitable for wearable devices.

Applications:

 Wearable fitness trackers and smartwatches.

 Health monitoring devices.

 Medical diagnostic equipment.

 Sports and fitness applications.

Technical Specifications:

 Operating Voltage: 1.8V to 3.3V

 LED Current: Adjustable up to 50mA

 Sampling Rate: Up to 3200 Hz

 Resolution: 16-bit ADC

 LED Pulse Width: Configurable

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 Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C

Functional Overview:

 The module emits light from the LEDs into the skin and measures the amount of light
absorbed or reflected.

 The photodetector senses this light and converts it into an electrical signal.

 The analog front-end processes the signal and converts it into a digital format.

Heart Rate Monitoring:

 By analyzing the pulsatile component of the signal, the module can determine the
heart rate.
Blood Oxygen Measurement (SpO2):

 By comparing the absorption of red and infrared light, the module can estimate the
blood oxygen saturation.

I²C Communication:

 The module communicates with microcontrollers using the I²C protocol.

 This allows for configuration settings, data retrieval, and control of the module.
Integration Considerations:

 Proper placement and alignment of the module on the skin for accurate readings.

 Calibration and signal processing algorithms may be required for precise

measurements.
Advantages:

 Compact and integrated solution for pulse oximetry and heart-rate sensing.

 Low power consumption ideal for battery-powered applications.

 Well-suited for wearable devices and health monitoring applications.

Limitations:

 Performance may be affected by factors like skin tone, ambient light, and motion
artifacts.

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PIN NAME DESCRIPTION

2 SCL I2C CLOCK INPUT

3 SDA I2C Clock Data, Bidirectional (Open-Drain)

Analog Power Supply Input. Bypass to GND for best performance
11 VDD

12 GND Analog Ground

13 INT Active-Low Interrupt (Open-Drain)

Table 4.2: Pins which are used to connect with NodeMCU866

4.1.2 NodeMCU 8266

Introduction:
The NodeMCU ESP8266 is an open-source IoT (Internet of Things) platform based on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi
module.

Microcontroller:
It is equipped with the ESP8266 microcontroller, which is a low-cost, low-power, and highly integrated Wi-
Fi chip.

Wi-Fi Connectivity:
The ESP8266 provides built-in Wi-Fi connectivity, allowing it to connect to Wi-Fi networks and
communicate with other devices over the internet.

Programming Language:
It supports programming in Java script and C++ (using the Arduino IDE), making it accessible to a wide
range of developers.

NodeMCU Firmware:
The NodeMCU firmware is a custom firmware that runs on the ESP8266. It abstracts much of the low-level
details and provides a simple, high-level interface for programming.

GPIO Pins:
It has a number of General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins that can be used to interface with sensors,
actuators, and other electronic components.

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USB-to-Serial Interface:
The NodeMCU module typically includes a USB-to-Serial converter, which allows easy programming and
communication with a computer.

Power Supply:
It operates on a wide range of voltages (typically 3.3V), but it's important to note that it is not 5V tolerant.
Voltage level shifting may be required for interfacing with 5V devices.

Flash Memory:
The ESP8266 on the NodeMCU board comes with built-in flash memory for storing program code and
data.

Community and Support:

The NodeMCU ESP8266 has a large and active community, which provides extensive documentation,
libraries, and support for various IoT projects.

Application Areas:
It is widely used in IoT projects, home automation, sensor monitoring, remote control applications, and
more.

Open-Source and Extensible:

The NodeMCU platform is open-source, allowing for customization and extension of its functionality.

Cost-Effective:
NodeMCU ESP8266 boards are relatively inexpensive, making them accessible for hobbyists, students, and
professionals on a budget.

Alternative Firmware:
Besides NodeMCU firmware, other custom firmware options are available, such as Arduino core for
ESP8266, Micro Python, and more, providing flexibility in development.

OTA (Over-The-Air) Updates:

It supports over-the-air updates, allowing you to remotely upload new code to the board without physical
access.

IoT Ecosystem Integration:

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It can be integrated with popular IoT platforms and services like MQTT, Blynk, ThingSpeak, and more for
seamless communication and control.

The NodeMCU ESP8266 is a versatile and cost-effective platform that has played a significant role in the
proliferation of IoT applications and projects. Its ease of use, extensive community support, and Wi-Fi
capabilities make it a popular choice for a wide range of applications.

NAME DESCRIPTION
3V3 3V Input/Output
GND Ground
D0 General purpose input/output (SCL Connection)
D1 General purpose input/output (SDA Connection)
D2 General purpose input/output (INT Connection)

Table 4.3: Pins which are used to connect with MAX30100 module

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CHAPTER 5
SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 KiCad

KiCad is an open-source electronic design automation (EDA) software suite used for creating
schematics and printed circuit boards (PCBs). It provides a set of tools for designing and
documenting electronic circuits and their corresponding PCB layouts. Here are some key aspects of
KiCad:

Schematic Capture: KiCad allows users to create electronic schematics, which represent the logical
connections between different electronic components (such as resistors, capacitors, integrated
circuits, etc.). This step is crucial for planning and understanding the circuit before moving on to the
PCB layout.

PCB Layout: Once the schematic is complete, users can switch to the PCB layout editor. This is
where components are arranged on a virtual board, and traces (conducting pathways) are drawn to
connect them. The software helps in positioning components, routing connections, and performing
design rule checks.

Component Libraries: KiCad comes with a large library of electronic components, but users can
also create custom components or import libraries from other sources. This allows for a wide range
of flexibility in designing various types of circuits.

3D Viewer: KiCad includes a 3D viewer that allows users to visualize their PCB designs in three
dimensions. This helps in identifying potential physical conflicts and understanding how the final
PCB will look.

Gerber File Generation: Once the PCB design is complete, KiCad can generate Gerber files. These
files are used by PCB fabrication houses to manufacture the physical board.

BOM (Bill of Materials) Generation: KiCad can generate a BOM, which is a list of all the
components used in the design along with their quantities. This is crucial for sourcing and
assembling the actual circuit.

Cross-Platform: KiCad is a cross-platform application, which means it can run on Windows,

macOS, and various Linux distributions. This makes it accessible to a wide range of users regardless
of their operating system.

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Open-Source and Community-Driven: Being open-source, KiCad benefits from a large and active
community of developers and users. This leads to regular updates, bug fixes, and the availability of
a wealth of resources and tutorials.

Integration with External Tools: KiCad supports integration with other EDA tools and file
formats, which can be useful when collaborating with teams using different software.

Free of Cost: KiCad is completely free to use, making it an attractive option for hobbyists, students,
and professionals who may not have access to expensive commercial EDA software.

Figure 5.1: KiCad software logo

Figure 5.2: Schematic diagram

Figure 5.3: Layout diagram

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CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION & IMPACT OF INTERNSHIP

6.1 CONCLUSION & IMPACT OF INTERNSHIP

➢ Understood the concept of soldering of Through-hole and SMD components on

GP board and PCB, hands-on sessions helped us to gain practical knowledge of
soldering.

➢ Learnt PCB designing using Ki-Cad via Udemy course, the certification course
included the following

i. Schematic design using Eeschema layout.

ii. Adding footprint for the schematic.

iii. Generating PCB using PCB layout editor.

iv. Generating 3D view of PCB using 3D viewer.

v. Generating Gerber files for PCB fabrication.

➢ During designing a system for real time analysis of heart rate & Spo2 values using MAX30100
Sensor interfaced to NodeMCU 8266 in python, following concepts were learnt:

i. Gained hands-on experience in working with the MAX30100 sensor, understanding its
functionalities, and successfully interfacing it with the NodeMCU 8266.

ii. Developed a robust Python script to capture real-time sensor data and implemented effective
communication between the sensor and the NodeMCU.

iii. Strengthened my Python programming skills by writing code for data acquisition,
processing, and transfer to Microsoft Excel for visualization.

iv. Implemented efficient error handling and data parsing techniques to ensure the reliability of
the real-time plotting system.

v. Acquired practical knowledge of integrating hardware components (MAX30100 and

NodeMCU 8266) with software applications, demonstrating the ability to bridge the gap
between hardware and software systems.
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vi. Successfully utilized Microsoft Excel as a visualization tool to represent real-time data,
showcasing my ability to leverage existing tools for practical applications.

vii. Implemented dynamic plotting techniques to provide a clear and concise representation of
the sensor data over time.

viii. Developed strong problem-solving skills by addressing challenges encountered during the
project, such as connectivity issues and data synchronization problems.

ix. Applied effective troubleshooting strategies to ensure the smooth functioning of the real-
time plotting system.

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REFERENCE

1. Pulse Oximeter and Heart-Rate Sensor IC for Wearable Health - Datasheet of MAX30100
2. Performance assessment of MAX30100 SpO2/heartrate sensor by Kerim Bedri , Biyomedikal
Mühendisligi Bölümü, Yeditepe Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Türkiye.
3. Max 30100/30102 Sensor Implementation to Viral Infection Detection Based On Spo2 and Heartbeat
Pattern by Dr. B. Annapurna, Asha Priyadarshini Manda, A. Clement Raj, Dr. R. Indira, Dr. Pratima
Kumari Srivastava, Dr. V. Nagalakshmi.
4. Design of Reflectance Pulse Oximeter and BPM using the Max30100 Sensor in Early Detection of
Hypoxemia in Patients with Cardiovascular Disorders by Chiu-Hua Huang and Jia-Wei Guo.
5. Prototype of Body Temperature and Oxygen Saturation Monitoring System Using DS18B20 and
MAX30100 Sensors based on IOT by Izhangghani , Irmayatul Hikmah and Slamet Indriyanto, Institut
Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto.
6. Measurement device for detecting oxygen saturation in blood, heart rate, and temperature of human body
by E A Suprayitno, M R Marlianto and M I Mauliana.
7. Implementing pulse oximeter using MAX30100 by Raivis Strogonovs.
8. Special Study of Earlobe Pulse Oximeter Using MAX30100 for Detecting SpO2 and Heart Beat by Tina
Esmaeiliazad.
9. Reflective type blood oxygen saturation detection system based on MAX30100 by Jiaxi Wan ,Yuhua Zou
, Ye Li and Jun Wang.
10. Development of a Low-cost Arduino-based Patient Monitoring System for Heartrate, Oxygen
Saturation and Body Temperature Parameters by Juan Karnadi , Ibnu Roihan , Astha Ekadiyanto , R A
Koestoer.

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APPENDIX

SUPPORTING DATA SHEET

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