COMMON NAMES. FORMULAE AND CHEMICAL NAMES OF DUM SUBSTANC yg S.No. Common Name Chemical Name Formulae 1. Alum Hydrated double sulphate of K,S04-Al(S0)524 Hg potassium and aluminium Fo. 2. Alumina/corundum Aluminium oxide Lisl NH,OH 3. Ammonia water Ammonium hydroxide aS 4 S04 4. Anglesive Lend sulphate | HNO, 5. Aqua fortis (Strong water) Concentrated nitric at 6. rae regia (Royal water) ‘Cone HCI + Conc HNO; (3:1 by volume) pasciConc) + HNO3(Cone) 7. Azote gas Nitrogen a 8. Azurite blue Basic copper carbonate foe 9. Baking Soda Sodium hydrogen carbonate ae 10. Baryta Barium Hydroxide 2 11, Basie lead acetate = a PO(OH)2Pb(CH;COO), 12. Bauxite (ore of Al) Dihydrate Aluminium oxide Al,03.2H,0 13. Benzol Benzene CoH 14, Bleaching powder Calcium oxychloride or calcium CaOCl, or Ca(OCIcl (hypochlorite) chloride 15. Blue Vitriol Pentahydrate of cupric sulphate CuSO,4.5H20 16. Bone ash Calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 17. Borax Sodium tetraborate NajB,07.10H,0 18. Brimstone Sulphur s 19. Brine Sodium Chloride solution NaCI 20. Calamine Zinc carbonate ZnCOs 21. Calgon Sodium hexa-metaphosphate Nag[Na,(PO3)¢] 22. Calomel Mercurous chloride Hg,Cly 23. Cane sugar or Beet sugar Sucros CypH,0), 24. Carnallite Potassium magnesium chloride KCI-MgCl,-6H,0 25. Caustic potash Potassium hydroxide KOH 26. Caustic soda Sodium hydroxide NaOH 27. Cerussite Lead carbonate PbCO; 28. Chalk or limestone or marble | Calcium Carbonate Caco, 29. Chile saltpetre or Caliche Sodium nitrate NaNO, 30. Cinnbar Mercury II sulphide HgS 31. Copper glance (ore of Cu) Copper sulphide Cu,S 32. Cuprite or ruby copper Cuprous oxide cu,0 33. Cryolite Sodium Aluminium hexafluoride NasAlFg 34. Dead burnt gypsum Anhydrous calcium sulphate CaSO, 35. Diaspore Monohydrate aluminium oxide Al,0;H,0 36. Dry ice Solid carbon dioxide CO, (solid) 37. Epsom salt Heptahydrate of magnesium sulphate_| MgSO,.7H,0 38. Fluorspar Calcium fluoride CaF, 39. Freon Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC) CF,Cl, 40. Galena (ore of Pb) Lead sulphide PbS 41. Glauber’s salt Hydrated sodium sulphate Na,SO,.10H;0 42. Grain alcohol Ethyl alcohol or ethanol C,H,OH 43. Green Vitriol Ferrous sulphate FeSO,.7H,0 44. Gypsum Calcium sulphate dihydrate CaSO4-2H;0 45. Hydrolith Calcium hydride CaH, 46. Hypo Sodium thiosulphate NajS303-5H,0 47. Iron pyrites (Fools gold) Iron disulphide FeS, 48. Laughing gas Dinitrogen oxide N;O 49. Lime/quick lime Calcium oxide cao 50. Limonite Hydrated ferric oxide Fe,033H,0 >Lime water or milk of lime | Calcium hydroxide solution CalOH) Litharge Lead monoxide PbO Lunar caustic Silver nitrate AgNO; Magnesia Magnesium oxide MgO Magnesite Magnesium carbonate MgCOs Magnetite Ferrosoferric oxide Fe;0. Malachite (green) Basic copper carbonate ‘CuCO;-Cu(OH), Marsh gas Methane CH, Milk of magnesia Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)> Mohr's salt Ferrous ammonium sulphate hexahydrate (NH,),SO,-FeSO..6 61. Muriatic acid Hydrochloric acid HCI 62. Nessler’s reagent Potassium tetra-idomercurate | KfHgl.] 63. Nie Potassium nitrate KNO; 64. Nite cake Sodium hydrogen sulphate NaHSO, 65. olim Calcium cyanamide plus carbon | CaCNp + C 3 66. Nitrate of lime (Nitrolime) Basic calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)7Ca0 67. Oil of Vitriol/King of chemicals} Concentrated Sulphuric acid H,SO, 68. Oleum Pyrosulphuric acid 38,0; 69. Pearl ash/Potash Potassium carbonate K,CO; 70. Permutit/Zeolite Sodium Aluminium Silicate NazAl2Sij0,-xH;0 < 71. Philosopher’s wool Zine oxide Zn0 : 72. Phosgene Carbonyl chloride : cocl, 73. Plaster of Paris Hemihydrate of calcium sulphate | CaSO,-+H,0 4 74. Potash alum Potassium aluminium sulphate K,SO,-Al,(SO.)3-24H2O a 75. Pyrogallol Benzene-1, 2, 3-triol CgH3(OH)s 76. Pyrolusite Manganese dioxide ‘MnO, | 77. Quartz or si Silicon dioxide | SiO, 77. Quick silver Mercury Hg 79. Red lead or Sandhur Triplumbic tetroxide Pb;0, 80. Rock salt Sodium chloride NaCl 81. Rouge Ferric oxide | FeO; 82. Sal ammoniac Solid ammonium chloride ‘NH.CI 83. Sal volatile/smelling salt Solid ammonium carbonate | (NH,)2CO3 ‘ 84. Salt cake ‘Anhydrous sodium sulphate Na,SO, i 85. Saltpetre Potassium nitrate -KNO, 86. Siderite Fefrous carbonate /FeCO; 87. Silica Silicon dioxide /SiO> 88. Silica gel Hydrated silica | SiO» xH,0 89. Soda ash Anhydrous sodium carbonate /Na;CO; a 90. Super phosphate of lime Mixture of calcium dihydrogen _| Ca(HPO,)2H0 + 2CaSO,2H1 phosphate and calcium sulphate See , 91. Tear gas Chloropierin CClyNO, 92. Verdigris Basic copper acetate Cu(CH3COO)» | 93. Vinegar/Acetic acid Ethanoic acid | CH,COOH 94. Washing soda Hydrated sodium carbonate 95. Water glass Sodium silicate 96. White lead Basic lead carbonate 97. White Vitriol Heptahydrate of zinc sulphate 98. Wood alcohol Methyl alcohol or methanol 99. Zine blende (ore) Zinc sulphide 100. _Zincite((ore) Zine oxidens (basi sino Table 14 List of some common electrovatent positive walent electropositive Divalent electropositive “rivalent electropositive 1. Ammonia 1 : {Armor [i Anne) AS | A rs 2 Aurous {Gold Aut Barium aa fe Fgentous [Silver] Ag* Calejum Auric (Gold (D] a 4. Cuprous {Copper (D] Cut Cuprie [Copper HD] Bismuth ni 5. Hydrogen Ht | 5. Ferrous [Iron (1D] Chromium cot 6. Lithium, Lit :nesium, Ferrie (Iron (111)] Fon 7. Sodium Nat Manganese 8. Potassium Kt Mercurie [Mercury (ID] - Terenas one 9. Mercurous {Mercu Hgt | 9. Nickel Plumbie [Lead (IV) . Plumbous (Lead (1D] SS Oe a Platinous [Platinum (1D) oe Stannous [Tin (1D] Zine ist of some common electrovatent negative ion Table 1.5: 1 “Trivalent electronegative ‘Monovalent electronegative valent electronegative - Acetate CH,Coo- | 1. Carbonate co, 1. Arsenate AsO, 2. Bicarbonate or 2. Dichromate cr,0,> 2. Nitride Nv Hydrogen carbonate HCO,” 3. Bisulphide or 3. Oxide 3. Aluminate Alo, Hydrogen sulphide HS- 4. Bisulphate or 4. Peroxide 4. Arsenite AsO, Hydrogen sulphate HS0,- Bisulphite or 5. Sulphate 5. Phosphide P: Hydrogen sulphite HSO,- 6. Bromide 6. Sulphite 6. Phosphite Po, 7. Chloride 7. Sulphide 7. Phosphate PO, 8. Permanganate 8. Silicate 8. Borate BO,> 9. Fluoride 9. Thiosulphate 10, Hydride 10. Zineate “Tetravalent electronegative 11. Hydroxide 11, Plumbite PbO, 1. Carbide a 12. Iodide 12. Stannate Sn0,?- 2. Ferrocyanide — Fe(CN),* 13. Cyanide 13. Manganate MnO, 14. Nitrate 14. Chromate cro, 15. Nitrite 15, Oxalate (COO), 16. Chlorite 17. Hypochlorite 18. Chlorate clo, 19. Perchlorate cio, Alo 20. Meta-aluminateTable 1.7 : IMPORTANT FORMULAE ‘Chemical Name Symbol with charge] Formula Chemical Name Symbol with charge] Formula Potassium chloride Kha kel Sodium nitrite NaltNod NaNO, Potassium bromide KMBr- KBr Sodium nitrate Nal*NO}- NaNO, Potassium iodide ae KI Sodium hydrogen Nal*HCOj}- NaHCO, Potassium hydroxide | KI*OH!~ KOH carbonate Potassium nitrite KHNO}- KNO, Sodium hydrogen sulphite | Na'*HSO}- NaHSO, Potassium nitrate K*NO!- KNO, Sodium hydrogen sulphate) Na'*HSOj- NaHSO, Potassium hydrogen | KHCOJ- KHCO, Sodium metaluminate | Nal*AIO}- Naalo, carbonate Sodium sulphite Naltso? Na,SO, Potassium hydrogen K"HsO!- KHSO, Sodium sulphate Nal*so- Na,SO, sulphite Sodium carbonate Nal*CO}- Na,CO; Potassium hydrogen KHSOS- KHSO, Sodium zincate Na¥Zn03- Na,ZnO, sulphate Sodium plumbite Na!*PbO?- ‘Na,PbO, Potassium metaluminate | K!+AlOJ- KAlO, Silver chloride Agi*cl- ‘Agcl Potassium permanganate | K!*MnO!~ KMnO, ‘Ammonium chloride | NH{*CI- NH,CI Potassium sulphite K"soy k,SO, Ammonium sulphate NH}*SO}- (NH,),SO, Potassium sulphate KHSO} K,SO, Ammonium hydroxide | NHJ*OH NH,OH Potassium carbonate | K!*CO2- K,cO, Calcium chloride cate CaCl, Potassium dichromate | K'*Cr,07- K,Cr,0, Calcium hydroxide Ca*OH!- Ca(OH), Potassium zincate K'Z2n0}- K,Zn0, Calcium nitrate ca*NO}- Ca(NO;), Potassium plumbite KPO} K,Pb0, Caleium hydrogen Ca*HCO} | Ca(HCO,), Sodium chloride Nalcie NaCl carbonate ‘Sodium hydroxide Na!*OH- NaOH Calcium hydrogen sulphite|__ Ca*HSO}- Ca(HSO,),Calcium sulphite ca*s0F CaSO, ‘Aluminium oxide APO ALO; Calcium sulphate ca*soP caso, (Chromium chloride cect crcl, Calcium carbonate Ca*CoF- Caco, Chromium sulphate ceSOP crxS0,), | Calcium oxide ceor C0 Chromium oxide ceo cro, | Calcium silicate Ca?*Si03- CaSiO; ‘Copper (1) (cuprous) | Calcium nitride caten> CaN, Copper (chloride | cut | ‘Magnesium chloride Mg*Cl MgCl, Copper [I] oxide | CuO Magnesium hydroxide | Mg?OH! Mg(OH), Copper {1} sulphide cus ‘Magnesium nitrate ‘Mg**NO- Mg(NO,), Copper [11] (cupric) ‘Magnesium oxide Mg#o MgO Copper [II] chloride CuCl, Magnesium nitride Mgtne Mg;Np Copper [Hl] hydroxide | ‘cu(oH), Zine chloride Zat*Cr- ZnCl, Copper (U1 nitrate Zine hydroxide Zn?*OH! Zn(OH), Copper [IT] sulphate cuso, Zine nitrate Zn?*NO!- Zn(NO,), Copper {IT} sulphide | Cus Zine sulphate Zn2*SO3- ZnSO, Copper [I] oxide cu*o cuo Zine carbonate ZC ZnCO, Iron (11) (ferrous) Zinc oxide Zn*O™ Zn0 Iron [II] chloride | Fete FeCl, Lead [II] chloride Pb?*Cl!- PbCl, Iron [IT] hydroxide | Fe*OH Fe(OH), Lead [Il] bromide Pb*Br!- PbBr, Iron (11} nitrate | Fe*NO}- Fe(NO)), Lead [IT] hydroxide Pb?*OH!~ Pb(OH),, Iron [II] sulphate | Fe*soe- FeSO, Lead [II] nitrate Pb?+NO,~ PW(NO;), Iron {It} sulphide | Feds? Fes Lead [II] sulphate Pb**SOP- PbSO, Iron [II] oxide FeO FeO Lead {II} oxide Pb02 PbO Iron [IIE] (Ferric) Manganese chloride Mn*cl!- MnCl, Iron [III] chloride Fecl- FeCl; Manganese sulphate Mn?*SO}- MnsO, Iron [III] sulphate Fe*SOP Fe,(S0, Aluminium chloride alec AICI, Iron [III] hydroxide Fe*OHI- Fe(OH); Aluminium sulphate AB*SO7- AL(SO,); Iron [IIT] sulphide Fes? Fe,S; Aluminium hydroxide | A*OH! AI(OH); Iron (IN) nitrate | FeNO!- Fe(NO,) Aluminium sulphide APS? ALS; Iron [III] oxide Fe#O7 Fe,0;