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Lesson 3. Two Factor Factorial Design

The document discusses two-factor factorial experiments including definitions, principles, advantages, classes of effects, and an example. A two-factor factorial design investigates all possible combinations of two factors each with multiple levels. It allows studying the main effects of each factor and their interaction. The example demonstrates a full factorial design with materials and temperature as factors to test battery life.

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Reniella Jane Delacruz Sajol
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27 views

Lesson 3. Two Factor Factorial Design

The document discusses two-factor factorial experiments including definitions, principles, advantages, classes of effects, and an example. A two-factor factorial design investigates all possible combinations of two factors each with multiple levels. It allows studying the main effects of each factor and their interaction. The example demonstrates a full factorial design with materials and temperature as factors to test battery life.

Uploaded by

Reniella Jane Delacruz Sajol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3

Two-Factor
Factorial Experiments
IE Elective 1 – Design of Experiment

Prepared by: Engr. Rhea Makinano-Arlante


Basic Definitions and Principles for
Fa c t o r i a l E x p e r i m e n t s
• Used when there is a need to study the effects of two or

more factors

• Factorial design, would refer to the investigation of each

complete trial or replication of the experiment of all

possible combinations of the levels of the factors.


Advantages of
Fa c t o r i a l E x p e r i m e n t s
• It is more efficient than one factor at a time experiments

• It is necessary when interactions may be present to avoid

misleading conclusions

• Factorial designs allow the effects of a factor to be estimated at

several levels of the other factors, yielding conclusions that are

valid over a range of experimental conditions


Classes of Effects
• Effect: defined as the change in response produced by a
change in the level of the factor
• Main Effect
• difference between the average response at the high level of the
factor and the average response at the low level
• marginal contribution of the treatment to the total variability of
the response variable
• Interaction Effects
• occurs when the difference in response between the levels of one
factor is not the same at all levels of the other factors
• when the response to levels of a factor depends on the levels of
another factor
Two-Factor
Factorial Design
Two-Factor Factorial Design

Simplest type of Factorial Design

There are a levels of factor A and


b levels of factor B, and these are arranged
in a factorial design

Each replicate of the experiment


contains all a*b treatment combinations
Two-Factor Factorial Design
• Linear Model

yijk = µ + ti + bj + (tb)ij + eijk


for i = 1 to a, j = 1 to b, k = 1 to n
Where:
µ = overall mean

ti = effect of the ith level of the row factorA


bj = effect of the jth level of column factor B
tbij = the effect of the interaction between factorsA and B
eij = random error
Two-Factor Factorial Design
• For treatment effects/Factor A:
• Ho : t 1 = t 2 = … = t i = 0
• Hi: ti ¹ 0 for at least one i
• For blocking effects/Factor B:
• Ho: b1 = b2 = … = bi = 0
• Hi: bj ¹ 0 for at least one j
• For row/column effects/Interaction:
• Ho: tbij = 0 for all i,j
• Hi: tbij ¹ 0 for at least one j
Two-Factor Factorial Design

ab*(n-1) SSE/ab*(n-
1)
Sum of Squares
a b n
y 2 ...
SST = ååå y 2 ijk -
i=1 j =1 k =1 abn SS AB = SS Subtotal - SS A-SS B
1 a 2 y 2 ... SSE = SST - SS AB - SS A - SSB
SS A = å
bn i=1
y i ..-
abn -SSE = SST SSSubtotal
1 b 2 y 2 ...
SS B = å
an j =1
y . j. -
abn

1 a b y 2 ij . - y 2 ...
SSSubtotal = åå
n i=1 j =1 abn
Example

An engineer isFactorial
• Two-Factor designing a battery for use in a device that will be
Experiment
subjected to some extreme variations in temperature. The
engineer decides to test all three plate materials at three
temperature levels 15°F, 70°F, and 125°F - as these temperature
levels are consistent with the product end-use environment. Four
batteries are tested at each combination of plate material and
temperature, and all 36 tests are run in random order. The
experiment and the resulting observed battery life data are given
in the next slide.
Example (battery life in hours)

• Two-Factor Factorial Experiment


Material Temperature (°F)

Type 15 70 125

1 130 155 34 40 20 70
74 180 80 75 82 58

2 150 188 136 122 25 70


159 126 106 115 58 45

3 138 110 174 120 96 104


168 160 150 139 82 60
Seatwork no. 3
(Midterm Period)
Two-Factor Factorial Experiment
Problem 1. An article in Industrial Quality
Control (1956, pp. 5–8) describes an
experiment to investigate the effect of the type
Seatwork no. 3
of glass and the type of phosphor on the
brightness of a television tube. The response
(Final Period)
variable is the current necessary (in
microamps) to obtain a specified brightness
Two-Factor Factorial Experiment
level. The data are as follows:
a. Is there any indication that either factor
influences brightness? Use α= 0.05
b. Do the two factors interact? Use α= 0.05
Problem 2. Johnson and Leone (Statistics and Experimental Design in
Engineering and the Physical Sciences, Wiley, 1977) describe an experiment to
investigate warping of copper plates. The two factors studied were the

Seatwork no. 3
temperature and the copper content of the plates. The response variable was
a measure of the amount of warping. The data were as follows. Is there any
(Final Period)
indication that either factor affects the amount of warping? Is there any
interaction between the factors? Use alpha of 0.01.
Two-Factor Factorial Experiment

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