LOGIC & SET THEORY

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Select the letter of the most appropriate answer.

1. Write a negation for the statement: 12𝑥 + 11𝑦 < 12

A. 12 > 12𝑥 + 11𝑦
B. 12𝑥 + 11𝑦 ≥ 12
C. 12𝑥 + 11𝑦 ≤ 12
D. 12𝑥 + 11𝑦 > 11

2. Translate the symbolic compound statement ~(𝑝 ∨ ~𝑞) into words. Let 𝑝 represent the
statement: "Students are happy" and let 𝑞 represent the statement: "Teachers are happy."
A. It is not the case that students are happy or teachers are not happy.
B. Students are not happy and teachers are not happy.
C. It is not the case that students are happy and teachers are not happy.
D. Students are not happy or teachers are not happy.

3. Write the negation of the statement: We will deduct points if there is no work to justify your
answer. If not a statement, state so.
A. We may not deduct points if there is no work to justify your answer.
B. We will not deduct points if there is no work to justify your answer.
C. We will not deduct points if there is work to justify your answer.
D. The excerpt is not a statement.

4. Write the negation of the statement: Make sure that you fill in the circle on the answer sheet that
corresponds to your answer choice. If not a statement, state so.
A. Do not make sure that you fill in the circle on the answer sheet that corresponds to your
answer choice.
B. Do not make sure that you do not fill in the circle on the answer sheet that corresponds to
your answer choice.
C. Make sure that you do not fill in the circle on the answer sheet that corresponds to your
answer choice.
D. The excerpt is not a statement.

5. Give the number of rows in the truth table for the compound statement: (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ∧ (~𝑟 ∨ 𝑠) ∨ ~𝑡
A. 25
B. 10
C. 8
D. 32

6. Find the number of subsets of the set: {𝑀𝑎𝑡ℎ, 𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ, 𝐻𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦, 𝑆𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐴𝑟𝑡}
A. 32
B. 24
C. 28
D. 16

7. Find the number of subsets of the set: {𝑥 | 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 17 𝑎𝑛𝑑 37}
A. 36
B. 8
C. 256
D. 1024

8. Construct a truth table for the compound statement: ~𝑠 ∧ ~𝑝

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 A. B.
s p (~s ∧ ~p) s p (~s ∧ ~p)
T T F T T F
T F T T F F
F T T F T F
F F T F F T

C. D.
s p (~s ∧ ~p) s p (~s ∧ ~p)
T T T T T F
T F F T F F
F T F F T F
F F T F F F

9. Construct a truth table for the compound statement: ~[~(𝑞 ∨ 𝑠)]

A. B.
q s ~[~(q ∨ s)] q s ~[~(q ∨ s)]
T T T T T T
T F F T F T
F T T F T T
F F F F F F

C. D.
q s ~[~(q ∨ s)] q s ~[~(q ∨ s)]
T T F T T T
T F F T F T
F T F F T F
F F T F F F

10. Construct a truth table for the statement: (p → q) → (~p ∨ q)

A. B.
p q (p → q) → (~p ∨ q) p q (p → q) → (~p ∨ q)
T T T T T T
T F T T F F
F T T F T T
F F T F F T

C. D.
p q (p → q) → (~p ∨ q) p q (p → q) → (~p ∨ q)
T T T T T F
T F F T F T
F T T F T F
F F F F F F

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11. Construct a truth table for the statement: ~(p → q) → (p ∧ ~q)
A. B.
p q ~(p → q) → (p ∧ ~q) p q ~(p → q) → (p ∧ ~q)
T T T T T T
T F F T F T
F T F F T T
F F T F F T

C. D.
p q ~(p → q) → (p ∧ ~q) p q ~(p → q) → (p ∧ ~q)
T T T T T T
T F F T F F
F T F F T T
F F F F F T

For items 12-13. Let U = {q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z}; A = {q, s, u, w, y}; B = {q, s, y, z}; and C = {v, w,
x, y, z}. List the members of the indicated set, using set braces.

12. (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′
A. {t, v, x}
B. {q, s, t, u, v, w, x, y}
C. {r, t, u, v, w, x, z}
D. {s, u, w}

13. 𝐵′ ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶′)
A. {r, t, u}
B. {q, r, s, t, u, w}
C. {q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y}
D. {r, t, u, w}

14. 𝐼𝑓 𝑛(𝐴) = 4, 𝑛(𝐵) = 9, and 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 2; what is 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)?

A. 11
B. 12
C. 13
D. 10

15. Shade the Venn diagram to represent the set: 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′

A. C.

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 B. D.

16. Shade the Venn diagram to represent the set: (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′

A. C.

B. D.

17. Use a Venn Diagram and the given information to determine the number of elements in the
indicated region. If 𝑛(𝑈) = 60, 𝑛(𝐴) = 34, 𝑛(𝐵) = 22, and 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 8, find 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′.
A. 48
B. 4
C. 56
D. 12

18. If 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 77, 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = 11, 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 24, 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) = 21, 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = 19 ,
𝑛(𝐴) = 56, 𝑛(𝐵) = 38, and 𝑛(𝐶) = 36, Find 𝑛(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶).
A. 7
B. 9
C. 10
D. 8

19. A survey of 240 families showed that 91 had a dog; 70 had a cat; 31 had a dog and a cat; 91 had
neither a cat nor a dog, and in addition did not have a parakeet; 7 had a cat, a dog, and a
parakeet. How many had a parakeet only?
A. 19
B. 24
C. 34
D. 29

FOR ITEMS 20-22. Determine whether the statement is true or false.

20. {10 , 11, 2} ∩ ∅ = {10 , 11, 2}
A. True
B. False

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21. 11 ∉ {x | x is an even counting number}
A. True
B. False

22. {x | x is a counting number greater than 32} = {32, 33 , 34, . . . }

A. True
B. False

FOR ITEMS 23-27. Let A = {1, 3, 5, 7}; B = {5, 6, 7, 8}; C = {5, 8}; D = {2, 5, 8}; and U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8}. Determine whether the given statement is true or false.

23. ∅ ⊆ 𝐴
A. True
B. False

24. 𝑈 ⊆ 𝐴
A. True
B. False

25. {0} ⊆ 𝑈
A. True
B. False

26. C ⊈ B
A. True
B. False

27. A ⊂ A
A. True
B. False

28. Let 𝑝 represent a true statement, and let 𝑞 and 𝑟 represent false statements. Find the truth value
of the given compound statement: ~(~𝑝 ∧ ~𝑞) ∨ (~𝑟 ∨ ~𝑝)
A. True
B. False

29. Are the statements ~(𝑞 → 𝑝) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 ∧ ~𝑝 equivalent?

A. Not equivalent
B. Equivalent
C. Maybe
D. No answer

30. Are the statements 𝑞 ∧ ~𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ~𝑝 → ~𝑞 equivalent?

A. Not equivalent
B. Equivalent
C. Maybe
D. No answer

31. Let p represent a true statement, and let q represents a false statement. Find the truth value of
the compound statement: (~𝑝 ∧ ~𝑞) ∨ ~𝑞
A. True
B. False

32. Write the statement, “If the sun comes out tomorrow, the roses will open,” as an equivalent
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 statement that does not use the if . . . then connective. (Remember that 𝑝 → 𝑞 is equivalent to
~𝑝 ∨ 𝑞.)
A. The sun does not come out tomorrow and the roses will not open.
B. The sun does not come out tomorrow or the roses will not open.
C. The sun does not come out tomorrow or the roses will open.
D. The sun comes out tomorrow and the roses will not open.

33. Write the negation of the statement: If it is raining, you take your umbrella . (Remember that the
negation of p → q is p ∧ ~q.)
A. If it is raining, you do not take your umbrella.
B. It is raining and you do not take your umbrella.
C. It is not raining and you do not take your umbrella.
D. It is not raining and you take your umbrella.

34. Write the negation of the statement: If 7x + 2y > 3, the answer is "Lake ".
A. 7x + 2y > -3, so the answer is not "Lake ".
B. 7x + 2y ≤ 3 and the answer is not "Lake ".
C. If 7x + 2y > 3, the answer is not "Lake ".
D. 7x + 2y > 3 and the answer is not "Lake ".

35. A set is:

A. Collection of objects
B. Well-defined collection of objects
C. Elements of the set
D. Description

36. In a survey of university students, 64 had taken mathematics course, 94 had taken chemistry
course, 58 had taken physics course, 28 had taken mathematics and physics, 26 had taken
mathematics and chemistry, 22 had taken chemistry and physics course, and 14 had taken all
the three courses. Find how many had taken one course only.
A. 106
B. 94
C. 82
D. 72

FOR ITEMS 37-39. An advertising agency finds that, of its 170 clients, 115 use Television, 110
use Radio and 130 use Magazines. Also 85 use Television and Magazines, 75 use Television and
Radio, 95 use Radio and Magazines, 70 use all the three. Draw Venn diagram to represent these
data.

37. How many uses only Radio?

A. 10
B. 25
C. 15
D. 50

38. How many uses only Television?

A. 10
B. 25
C. 15
D. 50

39. How many uses both Television and Magazine but not radio?
A. 10
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 B. 25
C. 15
D. 50

40. There are 30 students in a class. Among them, 8 students are learning both English and French.
A total of 18 students are learning English. If every student is learning at least one language, how
many students are learning French in total?
A. 8
B. 12
C. 20
D. 28

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Answer Key
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. D
14. A
15. A
16. D
17. D
18. D
19. A
20. B
21. B
22. B
23. A
24. B
25. B
26. B
27. B
28. A
29. A
30. A
31. B
32. C
33. B
34. C
35. B
36. A
37. A
38. B
39. C
40. C