BÀI GIẢNG: CÁC DẠNG ĐẢO NGỮ THƯỜNG GẶP

MÔN: TIẾNG ANH 9

Definition:
The term inversion covers two different grammatical operations:
• Using a question form of the main verb
E.g.: Never have I enjoyed myself more!
• Changing the normal positions of verb and subject
E.g.: Along the street came a strange procession.
I. Inversion after negative adverbials
1. Time expressions: never, rarely, seldom
These are most commonly used with present perfect or past perfect, or with modals such as can and could.
Sentences of this type often contain comparatives.
E.g.:
Rarely can a minister have been faced with such a problem.
Seldom has the team given a worse performance.
Rarely had I had so much responsibility.
2. Time expressions: hardly, barely, scarcely, no sooner
E.g.:
- Hardly had the train left the station, when there was an explosion. Scarcely had I entered the room when
the phone rang.
- No sooner had I reached the door than I realised it was locked.
- No sooner was the team back on the pitch than it started raining.
3. After only: only if/when, only then, only later, only after
E.g:
Only after posting the letter did I remember that I had forgotten to put on a stamp.
4. Phrases containing no/not
These include: under no circumstances, on no account, at no time, in no way, on no condition, not until,
not only ... (but also).
E.g.:
- On no condition are they to open fire without a warning.
- Not until I got home did I notice that I had the wrong umbrella.
5. Little

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Little also has a negative or restrictive meaning in this sense:
E.g: Little does he appreciate what the results will be.
II. Inversion after so/such with that
• This occurs with so and adjectives when the main verb is be. It is used for emphasis and is more common
than the example with such.
E.g: So devastating were the floods that some areas may never recover.
• Such used with be means so much/so great
E.g.: Such was the force of the storm that trees were uprooted
III. Inverted conditional sentences without If-
Three types of If- sentence can be inverted without If-.
=> This makes the sentences more formal and makes the event less likely.
E.g.:
- If they were to escape, there would be an outcry.
=> Were they to escape, there would be an outcry.
- If they were to escape, there would be an outcry.
=> Were they to escape, there would be an outcry.
- If the police had found out, I would have been in trouble.
=> Were the police to have found out, I would have been in trouble.
- If you should hear anything, let me know.
=> Should you hear anything, let me know.
- If he has cheated, he will have to be punished.
=> Should he have cheated, he will have to be punished.
- If I had known, I would have protested strongly.
=> Had I known, I would have protested strongly.
IV. Inversion after as
This is more common in formal or written language.
E.g.:
- We were short of money, as were most people in our neighbourhood.
- I thought, as did my colleagues, that the recession would soon be over.
V. Inversion after so, neither and nor
E.g.:
- A: I am going home. B: So am I.
- A: I don't like meat. B: Neither do I.
VI. Fronting and inversion
Inversion here refers to changing the normal word order in the sentence so that a prepositional phrase is
emphasised before the verb. This also involves putting the verb before the subject.
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E.g.:
- Suddenly down came the rain!
- Up in the air went the balloon.
EXERCISES:
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences, using suitable words.
1. …we arrived at the hotel, when there was a power cut.
2. … Detective Johnson realise what he was to discover !
3. … the doctors seen a more difficult case.
4. … Jean win the first prize, but she was also offered a promotion.
5. … so many employees taken sick leave at the same time.
Exercise 2. Complete the second sentence.
1. It was only when the office phoned me that I found out about the meeting.
=> __________________________________________________________________________________.
2. The facts were not all made public at the time
=> __________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder.
=> __________________________________________________________________________________.
4. The minister was interrupted just after starting his speech.
=> __________________________________________________________________________________.
5. If he made that decision, he would lose the contract.
=> __________________________________________________________________________________.

-------THE END------

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