Functions
Function
A function is a block of code that performs specific task.
Modularity
Reusability
Abstraction
Two Types of Function
Standard Library User-Defined
Functions Functions
Standard Library (Predefined)
Functions
Standard Library (Predefined)
Functions Header
printf() stdio.h
scanf() stdio.h
sqrt() math.h
pow() math.h
main()
User-defined Functions
User-defined Functions
Function Declaration, Definition, and Calling
Parameters and Arguments
Return Types and Void Functions
Scope of Variables, Local and Global Variables
Passing Arrays to Functions
User-defined Functions
User-defined functions are a block of code written by the user to perform a specific action.
Syntax
return_type function_name(parameters) {
//code to be executed
}
User-defined Function Examples
void greet() {
printf(“Happy Birthday!\n”);
}
User-defined Function Examples
#include <stdio.h>
// Function declaration
void greet();
int main() {
greet(); //Function call
return 0;
}
//Function definition
void greet(){
printf(“Happy Birthday!\n”);
}
Parameters and Arguments
Syntax
return_type function_name(parameter1, parameter2, parameter3) {
//code to be executed
}
Parameters and Arguments Examples
#include <stdio.h>
void greet(char name[]);
int main() {
greet("James");
return 0;
}
void greet(char name[]){
printf("Happy Birthday, %s!\n",name);
}
Parameters and Arguments Examples
#include <stdio.h>
void greet(char name[]);
int main() {
greet("James");
greet(”David");
greet(”Mary");
return 0;
}
void greet(char name[]){
printf("Happy Birthday, %s!\n",name);
}
Parameters and Arguments Example
#include <stdio.h>
void greet(char name[], int age);
int main() {
greet("James", 23);
greet("David",24);
greet("Mary",25);
return 0;
}
void greet(char name[], int age){
printf("Happy Birthday, %s!\n",name);
printf(“You are now %d years old.\n\n”,age);
}
Return Types and Void Functions
Return Types
A function may return a value. The return type of the function defines the data type of the
value the function will return. Common return types include int, float, char, and double.
Void Functions
If a function does not return a value, its return type is void. These functions perform an
action but do not return a value to the caller
Scopes of Variables
Local Variables
Global Variables
Local Variable Example
#include <stdio.h>
void display();
int main() {
display();
//printf("%d", localVariable); // will throw an error.
return 0;
}
void display() {
int localVariable = 10; // Local variable
printf("Local variable inside function: %d\n", localVariable);
}
Global Variable Example
#include <stdio.h>
int globalVariable = 20; // Global variable
void display();
int main() {
printf("Global variable in main: %d\n", globalVariable);
display();
return 0;
}
void display() {
printf("Global variable inside display function: %d\n", globalVariable);
}
Passing Arrays to Functions
In C, arrays cannot be passed by value to a function. However, you can
pass them by reference, which involves passing the address of the array to
the function.
Passing Arrays to Functions
#include <stdio.h>
void printArray(int arr[], int size);
int main() {
int numbers[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
printArray(numbers, 5);
return 0;
}
void printArray(int arr[], int size) {
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
Exercise 1: Balance and Interest Rate
You are developing a program for a bank. You need to write a function that
takes the balance and interest rate as input, and returns the interest earned
for a year.
Exercise 1: Example
INPUT: OUTPUT:
Balance: 2000 Interest earned: Php 720.00
Interest Rate: 3
