Chapter 5 Pronoun and its kinds A Pronoun is used to avoid the repetition of a noun. It can be singular or plural. Read the following example: © Supriya knows them. © Shecomes from an educated family. e This book belongs to me. In the above sentences, words in colour are the examples of pronouns. KINDS OF PRONOUN There are eight kinds of pronoun. They are: 1. Personal Pronoun 2. Interrogative Pronoun 3. Demonstrative Pronoun 4, Reflexive Pronoun 5. Emphatic Pronoun 6. Relative Pronoun 7. Indefinite Pronoun 8. Reciprocal Pronoun 1. PERSONAL PRONOUN Personal Pronouns are those which are used in place of persons, animals, or things. They are so called, because they stand for the three persons: the first person, the second person, and the third person. e The Pronouns which refer to the person or persons speaking are called Pronouns of the First Person; as: I, we, me, us, mine, ours. © The Pronouns which refer to the person or persons spoken to are called Pronouns of the Second Person; as: you, yours. e The Pronouns which refer to the person or thing spoken of are called Pronouns of the Third Person; as: he, she, him, his, her, hers, they, them, theirs, it. Scanned with CamScannerForms of Personal Pronoun First tT} Third (eases een ae) een Singular] Plural | "R82" | singular |Singular|Singular | Plural Subject I we | You | He she | It They Object | me | us | You | Him | Her | ft They Possessive ir Qur/ | Your/ Her/ Their/ case, |MY/Mine! Gurs | Yours | His Hers | Its Theirs @ Skill Test @ A. Makesentences with the following: I, we, me, us, mine, our, ours, your, you, yours, he, she, it, they, him, her, them, theirs. Fillin the blanks with Personal Pronouns: 1. Lookat the building. How magnificent 2. . like Smita because 3. Thisis. school building .. looks. is honest and .... colour is red and very much. 4. Poor Andrew! .. liked .. . very much. Has Sneha left ? .. is .. . Mobile. .... safe. accept any bribe from... 6. Lata has lost... pen. book 7. Please lend me.. is now writing with have lost . told you that Mr. John is an honest man. .... . shall. keep .. - pen. will not Scanned with CamScanner2. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN Pronouns used for asking questions about persons or things are called Interrogative pronouns. Read these sentences. Who made that noise? What is the matter? Which is your school bag ? Whom do you want to meet? Whose is this ring? «The pronouns who, whom and whose are used for asking questions about persons. «The pronoun which is used for asking questions about persons or things. Ce ae Forms of Interrogative Pronoun Case For Persons For animals/objects Nominative Who/Which Which/what Objective Whom What. Possessive Whose Note : Do not get confused between interrogative pronouns and interrogative adjectives. An adjective always comes before a noun. Example: © Which is your pen? Interrogative Pronoun Which pen is yours? Interrogative Adjective e Which is the route to the station? Interrogative Pronoun Which route does this bus take? Interrogative Adjective @ Skill Test @ A. Insert in each of the blanks, the proper form of Interrogative Pronoun: i ..did you give the books to? a ... of the cars is yours? 2 ..of these umbrellas is yours? Scanned with CamScannercalled you here? was that sitting next to you? ...are you reporting to? .do you think will be elected in the Municipality Elections? : ..do you think Iam? May I know... 4. 5. 6. 7. 8, 9. ... am I speaking to, please? 3. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN The pronouns which are used to point the objects which they refer to, are known as demonstrative Pronoun. Read the following sentences. 1. Thisis my bicycle. 2. Thatismy school. 3. These are my books. 4, Those are your shoes. In the above sentences, this, these, that, those are used to point out the object or objects for which they are used. This and these refer to things near at hand; that and those refer to things lying at a distance. They are, therefore, called Demonstrative Pronouns. @ Skill Test @ A. Pick out the Demonstrative Pronouns in the following sentences. 1. These are my hair clips; those are yours. This is the man who was late. This is too little for me. This is Mary's mobile; that is yours. This is my book; that is yours. This is a very old dress. These are ripe mangoes; those are unripe. Her face is more charming than that of Rita. eg let ld This is not what I asked you to do. 10. These are fresh mangoes Scanned with CamScanner4. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Reflexive Pronouns are those, where the action done by their subjects reflect upon them. Self or selves used as suffix with the pronoun in this form. Read the following sentences. I blame myself for my failure. We often talk to ourselves in sleep. . You will hurt yourself if you fall from such a height. . You will enjoy yourselves in the picnic. He hanged himself to death. She cleans herself and goes to the temple. . They always talk about themselves when they meet. SNOnSUNe . The dog has hurt itself by scratching. The Pronouns myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, themselves, itself in sentences above behave like objects to verbs but they refer to the same persons as the subjects to the verbs. So they are called Reflexive Pronouns. 5. EMPHATIC PRONOUN The pronouns which are used to put emphasis on a noun or pronoun are known as emphatic pronouns. Read the following sentences. I myself was present there. We ourselves served the guests. She herself prepared the food. . The king himself was present. She herself told me about her husband. They themselves went there. . The castle itself fell. He himself does not know sometimes what he says. ONOAK RYN Scanned with CamScannerThe pronouns myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, themselves itself in these sentences are used with a noun or a pronoun for the sake of emphasis. Hence they are called Emphatic Pronouns. Note : Emphatic Pronoun and Reflexive Pronoun are apparently look similar but Emphatic Pronouns are used just after the subject while Reflexive Pronouns are used in place of object. Fill in the blanks with Reflexive or Emphatic Pronouns and mention given space, what kind it is. Write R for Reflexive and E for Emphasi: @ Skill Test @ Pronoun: 1. We enjoyed ws in the picnic. 2. He.. is to blame for his failure. 3. She blamed oo... for her sufferings. 4. The child hurt with a knife. 5. Ana dressed oo... for the show. GC. YOU csvmecctrtinens oes asked for it. 7. We often deceive ....... by telling lies. 8. The Chief Minister ..................... Visited the site of the accident. 9.1 heard him saying that. 10. He ruined ... by taking drugs. 11. God helps those who help 12. I did all the work 6. RELATIVE PRONOUN The pronouns which are used to join two sentences are known as relative pronoun. Scanned with CamScannerExamine the following sentences: 1, Thisis the boy who won the prize. Thisis the girl whom he met. This is the man whose son is a doctor. 2. 3 4. The tree which fell has been removed. 5. Those are the books which I wanted. 6. Take anything that you like. The pronouns in colour in the above sentences are called relative pronouns. Pronouns who, whom whose, which and that, which refer back to the noun coming before them. So they are Relalive Pronouns. «The pronouns, who, whom and whose are used for relating to persons. «The pronoun, ‘which’ and 'that' is used for relating to things. Forms of Relative Pronoun Case For Persons For animals/ objects Nominative Who/Which Which/That Objective Whom What Possessive Whose @ Skill Test @ Join together each of the following pairs of sentences by a Relative Pronoun : 1. This thief stole the car. The thief was caught. 2. Coal is found in Bihar. It is exhausting these days. 3. That boy bowls very well. He is wearing a blue T-shirt. 4. The boy is lazy. He deserves to be punished. 5. He is a liar. No one trusts him. Scanned with CamScanner7. INDEFINITE PRONOUN The Pronouns which refer to a person or a thing in general way are called indefinite pronouns. Examine the following sentences : 1. Some say this and some say that. Many have failed in this exam. . All were drowned and killed. One cannot just do what one likes. Many are of the same opinion. None can fool Rahul. NOURWN Never look down upon others. The pronouns in colour refer to persons or things in a general manner. They are hence known as Indefinite Pronouns. Note: One should always be followed by one and not him or her; as: + One should have confidence on himself. (Wrong) = One should have confidence on oneself. (Right) 8. RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS The Pronouns that show the mutual relationship are known as reciprocal pronoun. Read the following sentences : 1. The four dogs are quarrelling with one another. 2. Two men are fighting with each other. Here ‘one another’ and ‘each other’ are mutually related. @ Skill Test @ A. Pick out the pronouns in the following sentences, and decide which type of pronoun is this: 1. Whom were you talking to last evening? 2. He who does not work hard will not be successful in life. 3. This is the boy who stood first in the exam. Scanned with CamScanneree 9. 10. He that has not served knows not how to command. Which would you prefer, tea or coffee? Each of these girls danced beautifully. All were killed in the accident. Neither of her brothers could save her. The cat killed the rat that ate the corn. Those cannot be trusted who tell lies. B. Tick ( v ) the correct answer: 1, What are pronouns? (a) The pronouns which refer to the person or persons (b) Pronouns are those which are used in place or persons (c) A pronoun is is a word which is used in place of a Noun (d) the pronouns which refer to the person of or thing spoken How many pronouns are (a) Six (b) Seven (c) Eight (d) Nine How many personal forms are (a) Two (b) three (c) four (d) five Scanned with CamScanner5. Pronoun and its kinds A Pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun and avoid the repeating. Why do we use pronoun instead of Noun? Study the following two passages of sentences : Passage A Anita has a 10 years old son called Ratan. Anita and Ratan live in Kolkata. Ratan studies in Class V. Ratan loves to browse the internet. Ratan introduced Ratan's mother to the Internet. Anita now uses Anita and Ratan’s computer whenever Anita finds time. Passage A gives us some information about Anita and her son Ratan. This passage is monotonous because of the names. Anita, Ratan, the internet, Ratan’s mother, are repeated several times. Passage B Anita has a 10 years old son called Ratan. They live in Kolkata. Ratan studies in Class V. He loves to browse the internet. He introduced his mother to it. She now uses their computer whenever she finds time. In Passage B, nouns are replaced by some other words. These words are called pronouns. Pronouns such ashe, she, they, his, their, it replace nouns such as Ratan, Anita, Ratan and Anita, Ratan’s, Anita and Ratan’s and the internet. By using pronouns, the monotony of expression in the passage is reduced. A pronoun occupies the same position as a noun in a sentence. Like a noun, a pronoun also plays the role of a subject, direct object and | indirect object in a sentence. Scanned with CamScannerIt shares similar grammatical characteristics with nouns. for example ;— like a noun, a pronoun also should agree with the verb in the sentence, in gender and number. Kinds of Pronouns Pronouns are of different kinds. They are : 1. Personal Pronouns The pronouns that stand for persons are called Personal Pronouns. The first person the person speaking | 1, We The second person | the person spoken to_ | You The third person __| the person spoken of [He, She, It, They They may have three forms : subjects, objective and possessive : with its singular and plural Ist lind Ird Subject lop lwe you he | she | it [they Objective : [me] us you him| her | it [them Possessive : [mine ours} your yours] | his [hers] its [theirs Pronouns do not take an apostrophe in the possessive case. For example : It is her cat, she must take care of her. You should tell him to do his homework everyday. She is playing tennis with her friends. Tell him not to disturb us, as we are studying. OQ PRONne He is walking with his mother. 2. Reflexive Pronouns A pronoun that shows the subject and the object as the same, is called Scanned with CamScannerReflexive Pronoun. These refer to the same person as the subject of the verb. They are formed by adding 'self or selves’ to the pronoun. Examples : myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves. For example : 1. Isaw myself in the mirror, We wash clothes ourselves everyday. You must look after yourself Mohan fell down and hurt himself. <= aa aa won They enjoyed themselves alot. 3. Emphatic Pronouns In the below sentences, the coloured words are used just near the subject (I, we) to show an emphasis. So these are called Emphatic Pronouns. For example : I myself switched off the lights. We ourselves looked after all the guests. You yourselves asked for help. He himself went to receive his boss. She herself cooked the food and served it to us. The wall itself fell. ARON E 4. Demonstrative Pronouns Pronouns used to point out the people or the objects, to which they refer in the sentence are called Demonstrative Pronouns. For example : 1. Thisismy pen. 2. Thisisa precious gift from my brother. 3. Thatisa good house. Scanned with CamScanner4. 5. 6. Seeta’s house is better than that of Geeta. These are my books. Those are your books. 5. Interrogative Pronouns Pronouns which are used to ask questions are called Interrogative Pronouns. For example: i Set What is your name? Which is your pen? Whois speaking? Whomare you looking for? Whose is this book? 6. Relative Pronouns The pronouns which refer to preceding noun is called a Relative Pronoun. For example: cae ele Isthis the glass that you broke? Thisis the pen that I bought for you Imet Mahesh who was my childhood friend. This is the book which you wanted to read. Was this the dog which bit you yesterday? Were you the person who was searching for this ball? Here who is used for persons, which for animals and things and that for persons, animals or things. 7. Possessive Pronouns Possessive Pronouns are pronouns used instead of nouns to show possession or relationship. Mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs are called possessive pronouns. Scanned with CamScannerFor example : This penis yours. Where is mine? Kaviraj bought a house. Itis his Town this car. This car is mine. The pigeon belongs to the farmer. The pigeon is his. The football belongs to them. The football is theirs. These dresses belongs to she. These dresses are hers Our Ola ee Cae tS 8. Indefinite Pronouns Pronouns which refer to persons or things in general and do not point to anyone, anything is particular are called Indefinite Pronouns like all, some, few, one, many, none, nobody, anything, something, someone etc. For example: One must not criticise other. All are not invited to today's party. Few menare rich. Many of them fell sick due to over eating. Anybody can come and watch the hockey match. Nobody knows what is going on here. There is someone at the door, go and see who is there? We will have to do something to resolve this problem. oon nm pw we There is hardly anything worth while seeing on T.V. Gheck Qourseit A. Write the kinds of pronouns of underlined words: 1. Who told you about him? 2. The air of hill is cooler than that of plains. Scanned with CamScannerAll the students of my class love each-other. They cannot do this work They themselves do their work. Which is your book? I know the boy who stood first in the class. onan sw Somebody has stolen my book. B._Fillin the blanks with suitable pronouns as directed in the brackets : 1. Thepenisnot : (possessive) 2. Thehorse Tsaw, was lame. (demonstrative) 3. Youcan go home (reflexive) 4. must do one’s duty. (indefinite) 5. wash my clothes myself. (relative) 6. Listento he says. (interrogative) de baby was it which was kidnaped? _ (interrogative) 8. She met the Principal. (emphatic) C. Join together each of following pairs of sentences : 1. Isawaboy. He was swimming. 2. Hereis the pen. Youlost it yesterday. 3. Can borrow the book? Youare reading it. 4. — Thisis the farm house. My father bought it. Scanned with CamScannerD. Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns : 1, Mymother taught how todo embroidery. Everybody like children respect their elders, Gopi and Mohan are brother are good sportsmen. To did you land over the umbrella. Pen Here are the books you wanted. E. Fillin the blanks with possessive pronouns : 1. Shehasacar. colour is red. 2. bs car really that fast? 3. The houseis and paintis flaking 4. Isaw book on table, 5 hair is longer than F, Fillin the blanks with interrogative pronouns : is your problem? painingis this? taught you such tricks? do you want to meet? aPpwone house is this? G. Fillin the blanks with suitable relative pronouns : Theman you met yesterday has just left. The book you lent meis very interesting. This is the man helped me. The old woman lived next door has just died. Has he received the gift Isent to him? Heres the bag yougave me. ee ee We met the sailors ship was wrecked, Scanned with CamScanner