The document discusses the different spheres of the Earth including the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and geosphere. It describes features and processes related to each sphere such as photosynthesis, the water cycle, atmospheric circulation and tectonic processes.
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Metamorphism
The document discusses the different spheres of the Earth including the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and geosphere. It describes features and processes related to each sphere such as photosynthesis, the water cycle, atmospheric circulation and tectonic processes.
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Metamorphism Metamorphic rocks
- Transformation of existing rocks to - Are the hardest
rock with different mineral Foliate (sheets) composition or texture. - composed of large amounts of micas Three types of rocks and chlorites - Igneous - with cleavage - Sedimentary Non foliate - Metamorphic - no cleavage Extrusive rocks Rock cycle - Molten magma that erupted from - a group of changes of rock volcanoes, cooled down very quickly Weathering Intrusive rocks - from igneous rock to sedimentary rock - Liquid magma that did not erupt from - occurs on site volcanoes Erosion Sedimentary rocks - involves the transport of rock by - Made up from sediments from other agents being transported and deposited rocks in other locations Clastic rocks Solidification - Smaller rocks cemented together, - when metamorphic rock is added with contains fossils and usually has layers melting magma that solidifies Metamorphic rocks - Other rocks change from one time to another Metamorphic - Means to change Foliation - Usually has interlocking crystals and layers Metamorphism - Their names can tell you how they are formed - From extreme heat and pressure the original rock is changed completely 2 types of metamorphism - Contact metamorphism - Regional metamorphism Contact metamorphism Increase heat – existing rocks buried deep and deeper under the surface of the earth are in contact with heat Regional metamorphism Increase in pressure - pressure can cause rock in the middle to metamorphosed Biosphere Tectonic processes - Associated with living systems such as Folds, faults mountains biomes, or ecosystems. Volcanic processes Features Volcanoes, central vents, volcanic - Coastal biomes, forests, desert and deposits grasslands Impact processes Processes Impact craters - Photosynthesis, biochemical cycles Other processes Hydrosphere Mass wasting processes, erosional - Associated with water in solid and processes liquid state Earth’s Interior Layers Features Crust – upper portion - Oceans, ice bergs, lakes, rivers, Oceanic crust – underlies the oceanic glaciers and snow basin Processes Continental crust – underlies the Hydrolic cycle, oceanic circulation continents Atmosphere Mantle – solid rock layer of the Earth Relates to meteorological features and Core – iron-rich sphere phenomena Outer core – liquid iron-nickel-sulfur An ever-changing mixtures of gas and Inner core – solid iron-nickel alloy small particles Features Clouds, weather, aurora or air pollution Processes Atmospheric circulation of layers of the atmosphere Layers Troposphere – densest part Stratosphere – location of the Ozone Layer Mesosphere – where meteors burn up Ionosphere – radio communication is possible Thermosphere – area of the aurora and satellites Exosphere – Upper limit of the atmosphere Geosphere Associated with the solid portions of the Earth Fluvial and Alluvial processes Deltas, river channels, canyons, alluvial fans