E Vehicle Technology & Policy (NB. . 1. Answer all questions unc ch question carries 3 marks 2. Answer all ine questions either (A) or (B) in Part - B each question carries marks} 14 Pa A 1. List the Environmental impact of using conventional vehicle. {As the usage of automobiles increased beyond limits it causes serious impact on the environment and human life, some of them are i) Airpollution ii) Global Warming iii) Rapid depletion of earth’s natural resources like petroleum 2. What is front wheel drive? FMD means that the power from the engine is delivered to the front wheels of the _Jehicle. In FWD, the front wheels are pulling the car. —“The drive train of front wheel drive consists of © Transaxle i) Transmission ii) Differential Final drive i) CV joints ii) Drive shaft (Half Shaft) ~ 3, Describe about the tractive effort In normal driving condition the power train operated with partial oad most of the 1r comme vehicle speed and tractive effort (powes) vary widely wih operating conditions such as : Acceleration or de-acceleration @ Uphill or downhill motion ‘¢ City and high way traffic 4, Whats hybrid electric vehicle? ‘A vehicle that has two or more energy sources and energy converers called a hybrid Ieee nybrid vehicle with an electrical power train (energy source & energy Converters) is called an Hybrid Electric Vehicle 5, Mention the types of batteries. © Lead Acid «Nickel based battery Page 1 of 26i) Nickel - ion i) Nickel = cadmium ili) Nickel - metal hydride © Lithium based battery i) Lithium - polymer ii) Lithium - lon ‘What do you mean by V2G? Vehicle to grid is a method where the EV can provide power to the grid. In this system, the vehicles act as loads when they are drawing energy, and then it can become dynamic energy storages by feeding back the energy to the grid when EV is idle. Vehicles using this scheme can simply be plugged in anytime to the grid. The smart grid system will choose a suitable time and charge the EV. What is the need of EV policy? Due to rapid urbanization there is a steep increase in the population of vehicles and air pollution. Tamil Nadu has the highest rate of urbanization in the country with close to 50% of its people residing in urban areas and it has the second highest vehicle Population in the country with 2.77 crore vehicles. The government of Tamil Nadu has led many initiatives to reduce air pollution, like FAME phase | implemented since April 2015, extended till 31 March, 2019. At the end of FAME phase |, the electric vehicle penetration remained low in Tamil Nadu. To promote adoption of EVs in the state there is a need for EV policy to address price of EVs, public charging infrastructure and investment in EV manufacturing and charging infrastructure. What is the scope of AIS 0397 This standard specifies the method for measurement of electrical energy consumption of Battery — operated vehicles. This is also used to verify the performance of the vehicle with that declared by the manufacturer. The significant clauses under AIS 039 standard are organized below. i) Vehicle preparation a) Condition of the vehicle b) Initial charge of the battery i) Discharge of the battery ii) Normal charging procedure il) End of charging criteria ii) Test Condition iii) Test Procedure a) Test sequence ) Application of the cycle and measurement of the distance ©) Charge of the battery 4) Electric Energy consumption calculation e) Test Results ‘Mention the demand side incentives for private cars. i) Private car owners shall be encouraged to switch over to electric cars. Page 2 of 26on Registration charge Notification. il) Road tax exemption will be enhanced from 50% to 100% til 30. 12.2022 ! fees will be done as per Government 10. Write briefly about the recycling eco system of Evs. * The government will encourage the reuse of EV batteries that have reached the end of life by setting up recycling business. * It is done by collaboration with battery and EV manufacturers that focus on “Urban Mining’ of rare materials that can be get from the used battery. These recycled rare materials can be used to manufacture new batteries. * Charging Station operators will be encouraged to operate as end — of — life battery recycling agencies by collecting batteries that reached end of life from vehicle owners. © The Government of Tamil Nadu will invite battery recycling business to establish their presence in Tamil Nadu. © Appropriate protocols and investment Subsidies for setting up such a business Shall be notified by the Government of Tamil nadu after consultation with stakeholders. * Original Equipment Manufactures should take responsibilty of recycling of old batteries and its components. Page 3 of 26 usPartt-B 11.A) Explain the history of electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle. Cr History of Hybrid Electric Vehicle c ae A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Is a type of vere e =) combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system, At initial stage the primary purpose of hybrid hs vehicle was not to lower the fuel consumption but rather to assist the internal combustlon engines (ICE). Year | Description of E-Vehicio | Features / Events i i te let + itis parallel hybrid with a smal 1899 Eiret hybrid vehicle was built eee ee eee onaine | 1. Pieper establishments of sted by an electric motor Liege [Belgium] and and lead-acid batteries. pepoovelll + When the driving power a required was greater than the = Connensteeer te ICE engine rating, the electric ney motor provided additional power. + It is the first electric Vehicle that has en electric starter. 1899 | First Serles hybrid vehicle | + .Itis a tricycle, with the two rear was introduced by: wheels powered by Vendovelli and Priestly independent motors. SEOTVE An additional 3/4 hp gasoline engine coupled to a 1.1 kW generator mounted on a trailer. It is used to extend its range by recharging the batteries, + This hybrid design is used to - extend the range of an electric vehicle, and not to supply additional power to a weak ICE. 1903 | Parallel hybrid vehicle was | =" This vehicle combined a 6 hp built by Frenchman Camille gasoline engine with a 14:-hp Jenatzy electric machine. It can either charge the batteries from the engine or assist them later. Page 4 of 26 a———________.. type hybrid vehicles were built during this period operation. Year | Description of E-Vehicle Features _|_ 1 Events 1899-] Both parallel and series * Electric braking Is used in this 1914, Power electronic devices are un avallable until the mid-1960s. So initially electric motors were controlled by mechanical switches and resistors. They had a limited operating range that was incompatible with efficient period. 1975 called “Buick skylark” Bullt parallel hybrid vehicle | * It was assisted by a 15 hp separately excited DC machine, located in front of the transmission, Eight'12 V automotive batteries were used for energy storage. Atop speed of 80 mph (129 km/h) was achieved with acceleration from 0 to 60 mph in 16 sec. 1980 Briggs & Stratton Corporation built a parallel hybrid vehicle. 1982 Electric Auto Corporation built a parallel hybrid vehicle.. 1990 | * this period. foe 1997 The Ford Motor Corporation initiated the Ford Hybrid Electric Vehicle Challenge. It attracts experts around the ‘world to develop hybrid version of vehicles. : + Dodge in US built the Intrepid ESX 1, 2,,and 3. Itachieved great improvementin fuel economy over their CE counterpart. + The Ford Prodigy and GM develope parallel hybrid vehicle in Toyota released the Prius sedan in Japan. + Honda released its Civic Hybrid vehicle. (OR) B) Explain the working of plug — in hybrid electric vehicle with the block diagram. Page 5 of 26Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehic! (PHEV) ‘The PHEV uses both an ICE and an electrical power © a HEV, but the difference between them Is that the ed to the electrical grid for train, PHEV can be directly connect charging the batteries. It uses electric propulsion as the main driving force. So these vehicles require a bigger battery capacity than HEVS. There are different modes of operation in PHEV some of them are = Battery alone mode : Only battery providesithe Power gine propels the vehicle. = Engine alone mode : Only ICE en: battery provide the . Combined mode : Both the ICE and required power. = Power splitmode : The ICE power Is split to drive the vehicle and charge the battery. The block diagram of plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Is shown in figure. nicle Fig. Block diagram of plugin Hybrid Electric Ve! working | - Eneray from I CE Engine is transferred to Torque coupler through clutch1 and ‘Gansmission assembly: . Energy from the battery pack is regulated by pc-DG converter and it Is ee enverted into AC by an inverter, The conarter will drive the electiic motor. The torque produced ferred to the torque coupler through by the motor Is trans! Clutch2 and transmission assembly. Page 6 of 26+ The Torque coupler either delivers the rotational torque Produced from ICE / battery alone to wheels or it may combine the torque produced from energy source 1 &2 (ICE & battery pack) and deliver the same to the wheels through differential. PHEVs start in ‘Battery alone mode’, and runs on electricity. When the batteries are low In charge, it calls on the ICE to charge up the battery pack. The ICE is used here to extend the range of the vehicle, + Plug-in HEV has an Internal charging unit that helps to charge the battery by directly connecting them to the electrical grid and they also have the facility to utilize regenerative braking. Advantages of PHEV 1. PHEV consumes less fuel and emits less toxic gasses to the atmosphere. 2. CheaperthanICE cars. Disadvantages of PHEV 1. Plug-in hybrid batterie’s costis more compared to normal hybrid batteries. 2. Recharging takes time. 3. Mileage gets reduced due to addition ‘al weight (High capacity batteries). 12.A) Explain the architecture of the series hybrid electric drive trains. Page 7 of 26AaYP2 Of drive train where two power sources feed a ‘ectric motor that drives the vehicle. The block diagram and configuration of series hybrid glectric drive Is shown in the figure. i consists of two energy sources. Fuel Tank : Fuel tank is @ unidirecti ICE which is cot unidirectional ene: of fuel in the engine into mechanical energy. The electric Generator converts the mechanical nergy into power which is “non connected to the power bue through rectifier. coreg BOK SNS a bidineatonee connected tothe lonal energy source. The upled to electric Fig: Configuration of weries hypria Slectric venicie Operation The m into electrical Page 8 of 26 2a oth 1€converted electricity either charges the battery or can bypass the battery to propel the wheels through the same electric motor and mechanical transmission. The different operation modes of series hybrid electric vehicle are 1. Pure electric mode : The engine Is turned off and the vehicle is propelled only by the batteries. N .. Pure engine mode : The vehicle traction power only comes from the engine - generator, while the batteries neither supply nor draw any power from the drive train. 3. Hybrid mode : The traction power is drawn from both the engine - generator and the batteries. 4. Engine traction and battery charging mode : The engine - generator supplies power to charge the batteries and to propel the vehicle. 5. Regenerative braking mode : The engine - generator is turned off and the traction motor is operated as a generator. The power generated is used to charge the batteries. 6. Battery charging mode : The traction motor receives no Power and the engine - generator charges the batteries. 7. Hybrid battery charging mode : Both the engine - generator and the traction motor operate as generators to charge the batteries. Advantages 1. It can be operated on any point in the s| peed - torque characteristics map. . 2. Capable of attaining zero emission. 3. Long|ifetime. Page 9 of 264. Fastresponse. 5. It does not need muttigear trafismission. So for speed decoupling between two wheels two motors can be used instead of differential. Disadvantages 1. The energy from the engine is converted twice (mechanical to electrical in the generator and electrical to mechanical in the traction motor). The inefficiencies of the generator and traction motor add up and the los high. 6 are 2. The generator adds additional weight and cost. . The traction motor must be sized to meet maximum requirements. (OR) B) Explain the merits and demerits of BLDC motor drive. Advantages Higher efficiency and reliability. It has no mechanical problems. ‘commutator and associated +) Lower acoustic noise. + Smaller and lighter. + Greater dynamic response. Better speed versus torque characteristics. + Higherspeed range. + Less electromagnetic interference. + Longer life as no inspection and maintenance is required. _ Disadvantages i= ep 1. These motors are costly. 2. Electronic controller required to control this motor im expensive. 3. Requires complex drive circuitry. Need of additional sensors (Hall effect senson) 13.A) Explain about the battery charging techniques. Page 10 of 26Battery Charging Techniques cell or ‘A battery charger is a device used to put energy into a (rechargeable) battery by forcing an electric current through it. A charger connected toAC supply should convert the AC to DC using rectifier circuit and use the DC for charging the batteries. The different methods used for charging the battery are 4. Constant current method 2. Constantvoltage method 3. Trickle charging method 4. Constant Current Method In this method of charging the batteries are connected in series so as to form groups and each group charges from the DC supply mains through variable resistan constant- current method, a fixed current is ing current is usually time to the battery to recharge it. The chargl kept low to ensure that there is no excess gassing during final stages of charging. pe ‘Supply Variable resistance Fig. Constant current method 2. Constant Voltage Method ging method, a fixed - In the constant - voltage chai voltage is applied to the battery to rechar; ge it. The batteries to be charged are connected in parallel refer figure. aa 1sVv 25u eile iE L The charger ini the battery until the power supply Then the current will gradually red! voltage level Is reached. As it takes loss tim Fig. Gonetant voltage method ily allows the full current to flow into reaches its pre'- set voltages. uced once the required o to charge the battery, it is most preferred method for charging batteries. Page 11 of 26i . Trickle Charging Charging a battery too fast can damage the battery, reducing it's performance, capacity, shortening it's life time and even cause it to catch fire. Trickle charging means continuously charging a fully charged battery at its self - discharge rate by applying a constant current. i,e this type of charging charges the battery slowly over a period of time. It is used to maintain the battery in a fully charged condition. Trickle Charger Working The charging current can be preset to the trickle charge requirement for the particular type of battery. Fig. Continuous Trickle charger circuit diagram A portion of the total current from the source is diverted through the shunt control, and the rest of the current trickle charges the battery. This charger provides the same current to the battery regardless of the charge state of the battery. ee Trickle charger provides constant charging current up to predetermined set point voltage. After that the current gradually decreases with respectto time. ' Current Advantages No need to recharge periodically as it feeds constant low charge. + Itprevents overcharging. (OR) B) Explain the construction and working any one nickel based batteries. Page 12 of 26Pe Nickel Iron Gell - Construction (Edison cell) Nickel Iron battery Is @ high performance rechargeable battery with Nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH),) positive plate. iron negative plates and pota: Ws electrolyte. ‘The electrodes and electrolyte of a nickle Iron cell are assembled Into a container made up of nickle plated steel. The construction of nickel - Iron cell Is shown.in figure. The positive and negative plates of a Nickle Iron cell are grouped together and interlocked with Ebonite in between to prevent internal short between plates. The negative group of plates contains one more plate than positive group and the two Oxtreme end of negative plates are connected to the external Nickle plated Iron container, They require less amount of yte and their plate Is also lighter in weight 80 Nickle Iron jum hydroxide (KOH) as trol, batteries are light weight. Container Positive, Nogative. plete of NOM) plate of iron (Fe) Electroyte KOH aotution Fig. Construction of nickel - Iron colt Active Materials of NiFe Battery Positive Plate : The positive plate of a Nickle Iron battery 's (OH)s] or Nickle Peroxide formed of Nickle Hydroxide [Ni [NIOz]. Negative Plate : The negative plate is formed by Iron. Electrolyte: : The electrolyte Is a solution of Potassium Hydroxide [KOH] end distilled water in the ratio of about 4:4. working Chemical Action During Discharging ‘During discharging, the potassium hydroxide (KOH) breaks Into positive ions K (potassium) and negative ions OM ions move towards positive plate (hydroxide). The potassium I (ny droxide ions more towards the negative plates. Page 13 of 26CELL DISCHARGING ron and turning nko ron hydrox Cathode Iron cell Anode + Fig. Discharging of nick At theAnode Ni(OH), gets reacted with potassium and changed into Ni(OH), and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Nickel Hydroxide + Potassium, => Nickel Hydroxide + Potassium Hydroxide 2NiKOH), + 2K = 2N(OH), + 2KOH At the Cathode Iron gets reacted with OH and:changed into Fe(OH). Iron + Hydroxide => Ferrus Hydroxide Fe+ 20H = Fe(OH), Chemical Action During Charging “When the battery is connected with the charger the opposite process of discharging takes place. i,e the positive ions (K) move towards the negative plate and the negative ions (OH) move towards the positive plate. CELL BEING CHARGING Nickel hydroxide & OH ron Hyslronicis turning Into - turing tate nickel oxyhydroxide. oeAt theAnode Ni(OH), gets reacted with potassium and changed into Ni(OH), and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Nickel Hydroxide + Potassium => Nickel Hydroxide + Potassium Hydroxide 2K == 2N\KOH), + 2KOH 2NKOH), + At the Cathode Iron gets reacted with OH and changed into Fe(OH), Iron + Hydroxide => Ferrus Hydroxide Fe+ 20H => Fe(OH), Chemical Action During Charging When the battery is connected with the charger the oppssite process of discharging takes place. i,e the positive ions (K) move towards the negative plate and the negative ions (OH) move towards the positive plate. Fig. Charging of nickel Atthe anode Ni(OH), gets reacted with OH and changed into NI(OH)s. 2Ni(OH),* 2 OH — 2NiCOM), At the Cathode Fe(OH), gets reacted with K and changed Into Fe. Fe(OH),+ 2K — Fe+2KOH This type of cell is sometimes called an oxygentift cell, with the voltage generated by a change in oxidization potential between the electrodes. Advantages + Low maintenance cost. Page 15 of 26+ Higher mechanical streffgth. + Ithas the ability to operate at high temperature range. Disadvantages + Higher self discharging rate. + Lowefficiency. Applications 1. Solarenergy system 2. Windenergy system a : 3. Forklift trucks Nickel - Cadmium Cell - Construction : Nickel - Cadmium battery is a rechargeable battery with | Nickel Hydroxtde as positive electrode and Cadmium as negative electrode and Potassium Hydroxide as electrolyte. The construction of a Nickel - Cadmium battery is almost exactly same as that of Nickel - Iron cell, except thata nickel - cadmium cell contains one, more positive plate as opposite to that of one more negative plate in nickel - iron battery. The construction is shown in figure. @ce Container Positive plate a Negative plate of of Nickel i ‘cadmium hydroxide Electrolyte KOH solution Fig. Construction of nickel - cadmium cell Page 16 of 26Active Materials of Ni-Cd Battery 1. Nickel Hydroxide Ni (OH);acts as the positive plate. 2. The spongy Cadmium (Cd)acts as the negative plate. 3. The electrolyte it is made up of Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) solution with specific gravity of 1.2. Working Chemical Reaction of Nickel -Cadmium Cell During Discharging - During discharge, the potassium hydroxide breaks into K positive ions and OH negative ions. The K ions move towards positive plate and the OH ions move towards the negative plate. + Atthe anode : 2.Ni(OH), + 2K — 2 Ni(OH), +2 KOH + Atthe cathode Cd + 20H — Cd (Oh), During Charging When the battery is connected with the charger the opposite process of discharging takes place. » Atthe anode 2 Ni (OH), + 2 OH — 2 Ni (OH), + Atthe cathode Cd (OH), + 2K Cd + 2 KOH Page 17 of 26Advantages + Long lite. * Can discharge fully without being damaged. > Recyclable. ‘ Disadvantages + Cadmium can cause pollution. + High cost, . Applications 1. Used in emergency lighting system 2. Usedin calculators, digital cameras 3. Usedincordiess appliances 4, Used inlaptops 5. Used in portable communication equipments N ickel Metal Hydride Anickel- metal hydride battery consists of + Positive electrode —: Nickel hydroxide * Negative electrode ' : Hydrogen storage alloy + Separators Polyolefin non - woven material + Electrolyte : Alkaline solution (KOH) It is capable of rapid charging and discharging of large currents, and has a long life cycle. The overall reaction in a Ni - MH battery is B MH + NiOOH <> M + Ni(OH), Discharging During discharge, hydrogen moves from the negative electrode (MH) to the positive electrode (NiOOH). The positive electrode becomes Ni(OH)>. Page 18 of 26[Negailve electrode MH + OH" M+H,0 +o NIOOH + H,0 + o> NKOH)# OFF Posttive electrode MH +NIOOH — M+ NI(OH), (Nickel hydrox! (Hydrogen storage alloy) Charging (Negative electrode M+ H,0 +e" MH + OH NI(OH);+ OH" — NIOOH + H,0 + || [Entire battery Negative electrode Positive electrode: M + N(QH), ~+ MH + NiOOH (Hydrogen storage alloy) (Nickel hydroxide) During charging, hydrogen moves from the positive electrode (Ni(OH), ) to the negative electrode (M). The negative électrode becomes MH. Advantages + Double energy density compared to lead - acid + Harmless to the environment + Recyclable + Safe operation athigh voltage + Operating temperature rangeis long +. Resistance to over - charge and discharge Page 19 of 2614.4) Explain about the electric mobility policy frame work of Government of india Government of India Electric Mobility Policy Frame Work The initiatives taken by the government to promote Electric mobility are discussed under this electric mobility policy frame work. The key milestones in the EV polices in India are given below. program S.No] Initiative Timeline Description i 1. [Alternate Fuels 2010 —_|+ The program promotes research, |i for surface development and demonstration Transportation projects on electric vehicles. For doing this package worth INR 950 million was provided. National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2013 - mobility with investments in R&D NEMMP predicted a total investment of US$6 - US$7 billion for the promotion of electric and electric vehicle infrastructure. Proposed investment by the government is US$2.7-- US$3 billion. Proposed investment. by private ‘sector US$4 -US$4.5 billion. Demand incentives: have been’ included in government investments. Target to achieve 6 to 7 million on| road electric: vehicles by 2020. This targetwill enable fuel savings. of2.2ta 2.5 million tonnes. Carbon dioxide emissions as a result of vehicular emissions will decrease by 1.3% - 1.5% in 2020. Page 20 of 26S.No] __ Initiative Description =) * Develop phase - wise strategy for fesearch and development (R&D), demand and supply incentives, manufacturing and Infrastructure upgrade. Faster Adoption land Manufacturing o| (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles (FAME) 2015 Phase 1: 201 - 2017 (extended {ull September 2018) Phase 2: 2019 - 2023 (Expected) +11 citles across India’ were + 390 electric buses + 370 electric taxis + 720 electric autos + INR 40. crores for charging The following subsidy will be provided based.on the vehicle class| > The program promotes research, development and demonstration projects on electric vehicles. Incentives given include : * By 2017, under the government's FAME | scheme, incentives worth INR 211,74 crores (~US$31.6 million) have been disbursed. selected for pilot projects to promote electric vehicle developments. These include : infrastructure Veticle | Minimum] “Raxtonar segment”_| ‘subeigy_ | ““substay = FTwowneate | wRt.s00 — | R22,000 [Metoreycis ___[Two-wheoter_[NR3,500 | INR20,000_ [Auto rccehawe | Thres-wmeeior| mFs.300 | INRO',000 on [Fourwhesier_|mare1.000 —[iNft-38.000 ght cormerca Nee INR an corer [she ie17,000 [INR ines uses ivR3,00,000 | RBE|00.000 * FAME II scheme, with a subsidy Package of INR9,381 crores (-US$1.4 billion), is expected to be launched for a period of five years from 2018 - 2023). Clarification on charging infrastructure for electric vehicles + 2018 - |e The MoP clarified that EV charging will be considered a rvice’ang not-a re: sarvice'ang sale of (OR) = lorena B) Explain the EV eco system in Tamil Nadu. Page 21 of 26EV Mobility Eco System : The electric mobility ecosystem includes + Government : Formulates the gulding policies and regulations. + OEMs and suppliers : They design and manufacture vehicles. + Power and electricity suppliers : They are responsible for electricity generation, transmission and distribution. + City - level bodies : Support setting up of charging infrastructure by energy operators / charging solution providers. + End consumers : The end user can be a public, commercial vehicle operator, owners of personal vehicle. The state that has good EV mobility eco system has the advantage of rapid adoption of technology. The following are the advantages of EV ecosystem for Tamil Nadu. Advantages of EV Ecosystem Government Tamil Nadu government orders Implementation of the “Tamil Nadu Electric Vehicle Policy 2019". The first EV SUV made in India was manufactured in Tamil Nadu by Hyundal. The Government of Tamil Nadu Supported this project with a very Innovative model of financial incentives and facilitations through MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) signed with Hyundai during the Global Investors Meet. 2019. OEMs and Suppliers Chennai Is home to major automobile manufacturing companies in India, such as Hyundal, Ford,.Nissam, TVS, Manindra, Damier etc. It has @ huge. acope for up gradation and expansion for producing Electrie Vehicles within the Ing manufacturing facilities. The state has many technical institutions that provide a Pool of skilled workforce for the Industry, Power and Electricity Suppliers Tamil Nadu Is one of the power surplus states with two nuclear plants and many thermal and hydro - electrical power Stations in the State offering a steady source of electricity required for the EV ecosystem. in particular, the State has one of the highest installed capacity for renewable energy such as wind energy and sclor energy. This offers a reduction In overall pollution in addition to reduction In local air pollution. Page 22 of 26Bity- Level Bodies ~ Supports setting up of charging infrastructure by SY Operators / charging solution Providers by giving centives. It was discussed in detail in unit V under demand side incentives. End Consumers The end user can be a public, commercial vehicle operator, owners of personal vehicle. 15. A) Explain the objectives and need of electric vehicle Policy in Tamil Nadu, Objectives of EV Policy It is the vision of Tamil Nadu government to attract 50000 crore of investment in EV. manufacturing and create a complete EV eco system in the state.Such investment will create 1.5 Lakh newjob. The detailed objectives are 1. Create robust infrastructure for electric vehicles including adequate power supply and network of charging points with favorable power tariff. 2. Promote innovation in EV for automotive and shared mobility by providing the eco system and infrastructure to make Tamil Nadu the BV hub of India. 3. Create a pool of skilled workforce for the EV industry through the technical institutions available in the state and create newjobs in the EV: industry. 4. Make Tamil,Nadu the preferred destination for Electric Vehicles and component manufacturing units including battery and charging infrastructure. 5. Create a favorable environment fr: inc--stry and research institutions to’focus on cutting edge research in EV technologies and collect the benefits from the outcome. Page 23 of 266. Recycle and reused batteries in an envi Pollution. batteries and dispone the rejected ironment friendly manner to avoid Policy Measures A policy measure is defined as some action to implement the policy. The government of Tamil Nadu will the policy by giving incentives to : EV battery manufacturing * EV charging infrastructure Manufacturing : Equipment manutacturing enterprises 1. Electric Cars and Two Wheelers There is EV segment. Electric Car : in Tamil Nadu (TN) Nearly 25 lakh Personal cars have been registered. By Providing char ging network and giving economic concession the Tamil Nadu government encourages users to buy Electric vehicle. Electric Two Wheeler : Nearly 85% of vehicle Population is two wheeler. When these vehicles are tumed i @ great potential for cars and two wheelers in Page 24 of 262. Electric Vehicle in Shared Mobility + The state government will promote conversion of all auto rickshaws in six major cities, Chennai, Coimbatore, Trichy, Madurai, Salem and Tirunelveli to EVs within @ span of 10 years. + The state will support all taxié and app based transport ‘operators (Call tax! like OLA) In 6 major cities to EVs within @ span of 10 years. + This will be extended to other cities and towns In a gradual manner. + Tne promotion will be done in terms of tax exception and concession. 3. Electric Vehicle in Public Transport + Tamil Nadu has around 21000 public transport buses operated under State Transport Undertaking (STU). It will take all the efforts to replace 5% of buses as EV and around 1000 EV buses may be introduced every year. + Itwill set up one slow charging unit (AG charging) for every electric bus and one fast charging station (DC charging) for every 10 electric buses. It will be done through standalone 3 phase connection. + Private bus operators are encouraged to convert their buses that run with IC engine (ICE) into EV by providing concessions. = Also the government will encourage conversion of buses operated to pilgrimage centers, tourist places. 4. Electric Vehicle in Educational Institutions In Tamil Nadu nearly 32000 buses, mini buses and mini vans run by educational’ institutions such @8 schools and~ colleges. These institutions are encouraged to gradually switch over to EV. 5S. Electric Vehicle in Goods Carrier - Due to limitations in the capacity of EV batteries, Electric Vehicle can’t be used in heavily loaded goods carrier, however if can be used in other light loaded carriers. + Small commercial vehicles used for delivering light loads in cities will be encouraged to convert to EVs. * Also E-commerce and delivery companies. (Amazon, Zomatoo) will be encouraged to gradually shift to use EVs for delivery. . (OR) B) Explain about the EV charging structure and its monitoring system. Page 25 of 26Steering Committee for BV and Charging Infrastructure implemer of Tamil Nadu as the Charm Ahigh - level Committee shall be formed to monitor the lon of &-Vehicle with Chief Secretary, Gov nent and the following Committee Members Additional Chief Secretary, Home Department Principal Secretary, Transport Department Principal Secretary, Finance Department Principal Secretary, Energy Department Principal Secretary, Highways Department Principal Secretary, Industries Department Principal Secretary, MA & WS Department Chairman, TANGEDCO . Commissioner of Transport MD & GEO, TN Industrial Guidance Bureau ~ Up to Five experts from various fields pertaining to E- Vehicles manufacture, battery charging. Implementing Agencies The Industries Department will be the nodal departmentfor the implementation of all manufacturing related incentives under Electric Vehicle Policy in Tamil Nadu. The Energy Department will ensure that public and private charging stations are provided with all necessary facilitations and incentives. The Transport Departrnent shall be the nodal department for issatng guidelines to achieve the other objectives of the policy.