Movie Recommendation System Using Machine

Learning Algorithm
A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

Lakshya Pratap Singh(21BCS1302)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY, GHARUAN, MOHALI - 140413,

PUNJAB

MAY 2023
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Head of department Supervisor

Internal examiner External examiner

2
List of Abbreviations
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Relevance of the Project 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Objective 2
1.4 Scope of the Project 3
1.5 Methodology
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 4
2.1 k-means and k-nearest 4
2.2 Using Collaborative 5

3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION 6

3.1 Hardware Requirements 6

3.2 Software Specification 6

3.3 Software Requirements 6
3.3.1 Anaconda distribution
3.3.2 Python Libraries

4 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 8

4.1 System Architecture 8
4.2 Activity diagram 9
4.3 Flowchart 10

5 IMPLEMENTATION 11
5.1 Cosine similarity 11
5.2 Singular Value Decomposition 11
5.3 Experimental Setup 12
Front-End/Back End implementation details 13
6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 14

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 6.1 Screenshots 15

7 TESTING 16
7.1 Testing Methodologies 17

8 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 18

8.1 Conclusion 18
8.2 Future Scope 18

REFERENCES

4
 LIST OF FIGURES

Page No.
Fig 4.1 Architecture for hybrid approach 8
Fig 4.2 Activity diagram 9
Fig 4.3 Data Flow
Fig 5.1 Code snippet
Fig 5.2 Backed code snippet
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Fig 6.1 User login 12 13
Fig 6.2 List of recommended movies 15 15

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Comparison

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 ABSTRACT
In this hustling world, entertainment is a necessity for each one of us to
refresh our mood and energy. Entertainment regains our confidence for
work and we can work more enthusiastically. For revitalizing ourselves, we
can listen to our preferred music or can watch movies of our choice. For
watching favourable movies online we can utilize movie recommendation
systems, which are more reliable, since searching of preferred movies will
require more and more time which one cannot afford to waste. In this
paper, to improve the quality of a movie recommendation system, a Hybrid
approach by combining content based filtering and collaborative filtering,
using Support Vector Machine as a classifier and genetic algorithm is
presented in the proposed methodology and comparative results have been
shown which depicts that the proposed approach shows an improvement in
the accuracy, quality and scalability of the movie recommendation system
than the pure approaches in three different datasets. Hybrid approach helps
to get the advantages from both the approaches as well as tries to eliminate
the drawbacks of both methods.

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 ABBREVIATIONS

QR: The term "QR" in QR code stands for Quick Response. QR codes are
two-dimensional barcodes that were first designed in 1994 by Denso Wave,
a Japanese automotive company, for tracking parts in vehicle
manufacturing. The QR code was designed to be quickly scanned and
decoded, allowing information to be accessed and transmitted easily.

IoT: In computer science, IoT stands for the Internet of Things. The
Internet of Things refers to the network of physical objects, devices,
vehicles, buildings, and other items that are embedded with electronics,
sensors, software, and network connectivity, which enables them to collect
and exchange data. These devices can be remotely monitored, controlled,
and managed through the internet.

Dapp: Dapp stands for "decentralized application". A decentralized

application is a type of software program that runs on a decentralized peer-
to-peer network, such as a blockchain, rather than a centralized server or
cloud. In contrast to traditional centralized applications, which rely on a
single point of control, Dapps are designed to be open, transparent, and
resistant to censorship or tampering.

AI: AI stands for "Artificial Intelligence". Artificial Intelligence refers to

the ability of machines to perform tasks that would normally require human
intelligence to complete, such as understanding natural language,
recognizing images, making decisions, and learning from experience.

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 Chapter – 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Relevance of the Project

A recommendation system or recommendation engine is a model

used for information filtering where it tries to predict the
preferences of a user and provide suggests based on these
preferences. These systems have become increasingly popular
nowadays and are widely used today in areas such as movies,
music, books, videos, clothing, restaurants, food, places and other
utilities. These systems collect information about a user's
preferences and behaviour, and then use this information to improve
their suggestions in the future.

Movies are a part and parcel of life. There are different types of
movies like some for entertainment, some for educational purposes,
some are animated movies for children, and some are horror movies
or action films. Movies can be easily differentiated through their
genres like comedy, thriller, animation, action etc. Other way to
distinguish among movies can be either by releasing year, language,
director etc. Watching movies online, there are a number of movies
to search in our most liked movies . Movie Recommendation
Systems helps us to search our preferred movies among all of these
different types of movies and hence reduce the trouble of spending
a lot of time searching our favourable movies. So, it requires that
the movie recommendation system should be very reliable and
should provide us with the recommendation of movies which are
exactly same or most matched with our preferences.

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A large number of companies are making use of recommendation
systems to increase user interaction and enrich a user's shopping
experience. Recommendation systems have several benefits, the
most important being customer satisfaction and revenue. Movie
Recommendation system is very powerful and important system.
But, due to the problems associated with pure collaborative
approach, movie recommendation systems also suffers with poor
recommendation quality and scalability issues.

1.2 Problem Statement:

The goal of the project is to recommend a movie to the user.

Providing related content out of relevant and irrelevant

collection of items to users of online service providers.

1.3 Objective of the Projects

• Improving the Accuracy of the recommendation

system  Improve the Quality of the movie

Recommendation system  Improving the

Scalability.
• Enhancing the user experience.

1.4 Scope of the Project

The objective of this project is to provide accurate movie

recommendations to users. The goal of the project is to
improve the quality of movie recommendation system, such
as accuracy, quality and scalability of system than the pure
approaches. This is done using Hybrid approach by
combining content based filtering and collaborative filtering,
To eradicate the overload of the data, recommendation

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 system is used as information filtering tool in social
networking sites .Hence, there is a huge scope of exploration
in this field for improving scalability, accuracy and quality of
movie recommendation systems Movie Recommendation
system is very powerful and important system. But, due to
the problems associated with pure collaborative approach,
movie recommendation systems also suffers with poor
recommendation quality and scalability issues.

1.5 Methodology for Movie Recommendation

The hybrid approach proposed an integrative method by
merging fuzzy kmeans clustering method and genetic
algorithm based weighted similarity measure to construct a
movie recommendation system. The proposed movie
recommendation system gives finer similarity metrics and
quality than the existing Movie recommendation system but
the computation time which is taken by the proposed
recommendation system is more than the existing
recommendation system. This problem can be fixed by taking
the clustered data points as an input dataset

The proposed approach is for improving the scalability and

quality of the movie recommendation system .We use a
Hybrid approach , by unifying Content-Based Filtering and
Collaborative Filtering, so that the approaches can be profited
from each other. For computing similarity between the
different movies in the given dataset efficiently and in least
time and to reduce computation time of the movie
recommender engine we used cosine similarity measure.

Agile Methodology:

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 1.collecting the data sets: Collecting all the required
data set from Kaggle web site.in this project we require
movie.csv,ratings.csv,users.csv.

2.Data Analysis: make sure that that the collected data sets
are correct and analysing the data in the csv files. i.e.
checking whether all the column Felds are present in the data
sets.

3.Algorithms: in our project we have only two algorithms

one is cosine similarity and other is single valued
decomposition are used to build the machine learning
recommendation model.

4.Training and Testing the model: once the implementation of

algorithm is completed . we have to train the model to get the
result. We have tested it several times the model is
recommend different set of movies to different users.

5.Improvements in the project: In the later stage we can

implement different algorithms and methods for better
recommendation.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

Over the years, many recommendation systems have been

developed using either collaborative, content based or hybrid

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filtering methods. These systems have been implemented using
various big data and machine learning algorithms.

2.1 Movie Recommendation System by K-Means Clustering AND K-Nearest

Neighbour

A recommendation system collect data about the user’s preferences

either implicitly or explicitly on different items like movies. An
implicit acquisition in the development of movie recommendation
system uses the user’s behaviour while watching the movies. On the
other hand, a explicit acquisition in the development of movie
recommendation system uses the user’s previous ratings or history.
The other supporting technique that are used in the development of
recommendation system is clustering. Clustering is a process to
group a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same clusters
are more similar to each other than to those in other clusters.
KMeans Clustering along with K-Nearest Neighbour is
implemented on the movie lens dataset in order to obtain the best-
optimized result. In existing technique, the data is scattered which
results in a high number of clusters while in the proposed technique
data is gathered and results in a low number of clusters. The process
of recommendation of a movie is optimized in the proposed
scheme. The proposed recommender system predicts the user’s
preference of a movie on the basis of different parameters. The
recommender system works on the concept that people are having
common preference or choice. These users will influence on each
other’s opinions. This process optimizes the process and having
lower RMSE.

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2.2 Movie Recommendation System Using Collaborative

Filtering: By Ching-Seh (Mike) Wu,Deepti Garg,Unnathi

Bhandary

Collaborative filtering systems analyse the user's behaviour and

preferences and predict what they would like based on similarity
with other users. There are two kinds of collaborative filtering
systems; user-based recommender and item-based recommender.

1. Use-based filtering: User-based preferences are very

common in the field of designing personalized systems. This
approach is based on the user's likings. The process starts
with users giving ratings (1-5) to some movies. These ratings
can be implicit or explicit. Explicit ratings are when the user
explicitly rates the item on some scale or indicates a thumbs-
up/thumbs-down to the item. Often explicit ratings are hard
to gather as not every user is much interested in providing
feedbacks. In these scenarios, we gather implicit ratings
based on their behaviour. For instance, if a user buys a
product more than once, it indicates a positive preference. In
context to movie systems, we can imply that if a user watches
the entire movie, he/she has some likeability to it. Note that
there are no clear rules in determining implicit ratings. Next,
for each user, we first find some defined number of nearest
neighbours. We calculate correlation between users' ratings
using Pearson Correlation algorithm. The assumption that if
two users' ratings are highly correlated, then these two users

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 must enjoy similar items and products is used to recommend
items to users.

2. Item-based filtering: Unlike the user-based filtering

method, itembased focuses on the similarity between the
item’s users like instead of the users themselves. The most
similar items are computed ahead of time. Then for
recommendation, the items that are most similar to the target
item are recommended to the user.

CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

This chapter involves both the hardware and software requirements

needed for the project and detailed explanation of the specifications.

3.1 Hardware Requirements

• A PC with Windows/Linux OS
• Processor with 1.7-2.4gHz speed
• Minimum of 8gb RAM
• 2gb Graphic card
3.2 Software Specification
• Text Editor (VS-code/WebStorm)
• Anaconda distribution package (PyCharm Editor)
• Python libraries
3.3 Software Requirements

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3.3.1 Anaconda distribution:
Anaconda is a free and open-source distribution of the
Python programming languages for scientific computing
(data science, machine learning applications, large-scale data
processing, predictive analytics, etc.), that aims to simplify
package management system and deployment. Package
versions are managed by the package management system
conda. The anaconda distribution includes data-science
packages suitable for Windows, Linux and
MacOS.3

3.3.3 Python libraries:

For the computation and analysis we need certain python

libraries which are used to perform analytics. Packages such
as SKlearn, Numpy, pandas, Matplotlib, Flask framework,
etc are needed.

SKlearn: It features various classification, regression and

clustering algorithms including support vector machines,
random forests, gradient boosting, k-means and DBSCAN,
and is designed to interoperate with the Python numerical and
scientific libraries NumPy and SciPy.

NumPy: NumPy is a general-purpose array-processing

package. It provides a high-performance multidimensional
array object, and tools for working with these arrays. It is the

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 fundamental package for scientific computing with Python.
Pandas: Pandas is one of the most widely used python
libraries in data science. It provides high-performance, easy
to use structures and data analysis tools. Unlike NumPy
library which provides objects for multi-dimensional arrays,
Pandas provides in-memory 2d table object called Data
frame.

Flask: It is a lightweight WSGI web application framework.

It is designed to make getting started quick and easy, with the

ability to scale up to complex applications. It began as a

simple wrapper around Werkzeug

CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4.1 System Architecture of Proposed System:

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 Fig:-4.1 Architecture for hybrid approach

For each different individual use different list of movies are

recommended ,as user login or enters the user id based on two
different approaches used in the project each will recommend the
set of movies to the particular user by combining the both the set of
movie based on the user the hybrid model will recommend the
single list of movie to the user.

Activity Diagram:

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 Fig:-4.2 Activity diagram

Once the user login by entering the userid i.e present in the csv file
ranges from 15000 the list of movie are recommended to the user

4.3 Dataflow:

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 Fig:-4.3 Data Flow Diagram
Initially load the data sets that are required to build a model the data
set that are required in this project are movies.csv, ratinfg.csv,
users.csv all the data sets are available in the Kaggle.com. Basically,
two models are built in this project content based and collaborative
filtering each produce a list of movies to a particular user by
combining both based on the useid a single final list of movies are
recommended to the particular user

CHAPTER 5

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IMPLEMENTATION

The Proposed System Make Use Different Algorithms and Methods

for the implementation of Hybrid Approach

5.1 Cosine Similarity: Cosine similarity is a measure of

similarity between two non-zero vectors of an inner product space
that measures the cosine of the angle between them.
Formula:

5.2 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD):

Let A be an n*d matrix with singular vectors v1, v2, . . . , vr
and corresponding singular values σ1, σ2, . . . , σr. Then ui =
(1/σi )Avi , for i = 1,
2, . . . , r, are the left singular vectors and by Theorem 1.5, A
can be decomposed into a sum of rank one matrices a

We first prove a simple lemma stating that two matrices A

and B are identical if Av = Bv for all v. The lemma states that
in the abstract, a matrix A can be viewed as a transformation
that maps vector v onto Av

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Experimental requirements:
Code: Front-end (React.js)

In this project we have used popular front-end web framework

(react.js) to build an interactive user interface

Fig:-5.1 Sample Code snippet

In react.js we used axios npm module to fetch the data from the api
that is generated from flask

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Backend :For backend we have use flask app to generate a local
host api the resultant api is fetch in front to display the result.

Fig:-5.2 Backed code snippet

We have developed our machine learning model in python .

By using flask, we generate resulting api which stores the data in

the form of json format these data is retrieved in react by using
axios npm mode and then displaying the data

CHAPTER 6

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Since our project is movie recommendation system .one can

develop a movie recommendation system by using either content
based or collaborative filtering or combining both.

In our project we have developed a hybrid approach i.e combination

of both content and collaborative filtering .Both the approaches
have advantages and dis-advantages .in content based filtering the it
based on the user ratings or user likes only such kind of movie will
recommended to the user.

Advantages: it is easy to design and it takes less time to compute

Dis-advantages: the model can only make recommendations based

on existing interests of the user. In other words, the model has
limited ability to expand on the users' existing interests.

In Collaborative filtering the recommendation is comparison of

similar users.

Advantages: No need domain knowledge because the embeddings

are automatically learned. The model can help users discover new
interests. In isolation, the ML system may not know the user is
interested in a given item, but the model might still recommend it
because similar users are interested in that item.

Dis-advantages: The prediction of the model for a given (user, item)

pair is the dot product of the corresponding embeddings. So, if an
item is not seen during training, the system can't create an
embedding for it and can't query the model with this item. This
issue is often called the cold-start problem.

The hybrid approach will resolves all these limitations by

combining both content and collaborative filtering

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 Fig:-6.1 Comparison between the three approaches
The main disadvantage in hybrid approach is it require

high memory Screen shot of the result:

Fig:-6.2 user id window

Enter the user id ranges between 1-5000

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 Fig:-6.3 Display of list of recommended movies

Once the user id is entered the list of recommended movies are

displayed

CHAPTER 7
TESTING

System testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary

purpose is to fully exercise the computer-based system. Although
each test has a different purpose, all work to verify that all the
system elements have been properly integrated and perform
allocated functions. The testing process is actually carried out to
make sure that the product exactly does the same thing what is
supposed to do. In the testing stage following goals are tried to
achieve: -

● To affirm the quality of the project.

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 ● To find and eliminate any residual errors from previous
stages.
● To validate the software as a solution to the original
problem.
● To provide operational reliability of the system.

7.1 Testing Methodologies

There are many different types of testing methods or techniques

used as part of the software testing methodology. Some of the
important testing methodologies are:

Unit Testing
Unit testing is the first level of testing and is often performed by the
developers themselves. It is the process of ensuring individual
components of a piece of software at the code level are functional
and work as they were designed to. Developers in a test-driven
environment will typically write and run the tests prior to the
software or feature being passed over to the test team. Unit testing
can be conducted manually, but automating the process will speed
up delivery cycles and expand test coverage. Unit testing will also
make debugging easier because finding issues earlier means they
take less time to fix than if they were discovered later in the testing
process. Test Left is a tool that allows advanced testers and
developers to shift left with the fastest test automation tool
embedded in any IDE.
Integration Testing
After each unit is thoroughly tested, it is integrated with other units to
create modules or components that are designed to perform specific
tasks or activities. These are then tested as group through integration

27
testing to ensure whole segments of an application behave as
expected (i.e, the interactions between units are seamless). These
tests are often framed by user scenarios, such as logging into an
application or opening files. Integrated tests can be conducted by
either developers or independent testers and are usually comprised of
a combination of automated functional and manual tests.

System Testing
System testing is a black box testing method used to evaluate the
completed and integrated system, as a whole, to ensure it meets
specified requirements. The functionality of the software is tested
from end-to-end and is typically conducted by a separate testing team
than the development team before the product is pushed into
production.

CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION AND FUTRURE SCOPE

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8.1 Conclusion

In this project, to improve the accuracy, quality and scalability of

movie recommendation system, a Hybrid approach by unifying
content based filtering and collaborative filtering; using Singular
Value Decomposition (SVD) as a classifier and Cosine Similarity is
presented in the proposed methodology. Existing pure approaches
and proposed hybrid approach is implemented on three different
Movie datasets and the results are compared among them.
Comparative results depicts that the proposed approach shows an
improvement in the accuracy, quality and scalability of the movie
recommendation system than the pure approaches. Also, computing
time of the proposed approach is lesser than the other two pure
approaches.

8.2 Future scope:

In the proposed approach, It has considered Genres of movies but,

in future we can also consider age of user as according to the age
movie preferences also changes, like for example, during our
childhood we like animated movies more as compared to other
movies. There is a need to work on the memory requirements of the
proposed approach in the future. The proposed approach has been
implemented here on different movie datasets only. It can also be
implemented on the Film Affinity and Netflix datasets and the
performance can be computed in the future.

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REFERENCES
[1] Hirdesh Shivhare, Anshul Gupta and Shalki Sharma (2015),

“Recommender system using fuzzy c-means clustering and

genetic algorithm based weighted similarity measure”, IEEE
International Conference on Computer, Communication and
Control.

[2] Manoj Kumar, D.K. Yadav, Ankur Singh and Vijay Kr.

Gupta (2015), “A Movie Recommender System:

MOVREC”, International Journal of Computer Applications
(0975 – 8887) Volume 124 – No.3.

[3] RyuRi Kim, Ye Jeong Kwak, HyeonJeong Mo, Mucheol

Kim, Seungmin Rho,Ka Lok Man, Woon Kian Chong

(2015),“Trustworthy Movie Recommender System with
Correct Assessment and Emotion Evaluation”, Proceedings
of the International MultiConference of Engineers and
Computer Scientists Vol II.

[4] Zan Wang, Xue Yu*, Nan Feng, Zhenhua Wang (2014), “An
Improved
Collaborative Movie Recommendation System using Computational

Intelligence”,Journal of Visual Languages & Computing,Volume

25, Issue 6.

[5] Debadrita Roy, Arnab Kundu, (2013), “Design of Movie

Recommendation System by Means of Collaborative

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Filtering”, International Journal of Emerging Technology
and Advanced Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 4.

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