INSTITUTION: DEDAN KIMATHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

COURSE: BSC MECHATRONICS

UNIT: THERMODYNAMICS
LAB: FLUID TO FLUID HEAT TRANSFER
GROUP MEMBERS:
1. Zefenath Owili E022-01-1422/2021
2. Emmanuel Mwanza E022-01-1451/2021
3. Grace Waheti E022-01-1341/2021
4. Brenda Wangui E022-01-2209/2021
5. Maxwell Ngunjri E022-01-1343/2021
6. Shalom Macharia E022-01-1368/2021
7. Brian Kinyua E022-01-1366/2021
8. Ian Mwangi E022-01-1367/2021
9. Salome Wachira E022-01-1871/2021
10.Lorna Wainaina E022-01-1364/2021
OBJECTIVES
1. To use the heat exchanger HT31 to demonstrate indirect heating by transfer of heat from one fluid to
another when separated by a solid wall.
2. To perform an energy balance across a tubular heat exchanger and calculate the overall efficiency at
different fluid flow rates.
THEORY
Heat exchanger is a device used as a surface for thermal heat transfer between fluids. The heat exchanger has
two different flow arrangements parallel flow and counter current flow.
Temperature is the amount of thermal energy a substance has which can be transmitted from one fluid to
another using the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger ensures that the inlet flow streams and outlet stream flow
are maintained to maximum efficiency. Heat transfer occurs by three principle means:
i. Conduction
ii. Convection
iii. Radiation
Heat is transferred from the fluid to the solid wall by conduction and from one fluid layer to the next by
convection.
A double pipe heat exchanger has two concentric pipes. The hot water flows in the inner tube while the cold
water flows in the outer concentric tube. A small change in temperature difference across the metal tube leads to
transfer of heat between the two fluid streams. The double pipe heat exchanger allows use of high pressure
relative to its environment and the high-pressure differences between the fluids.

Counter current flow

PROCRDURE EXPERIMENT 1:
1) The temperature controller was set to a point approximately 45C above the cold-water inlet temperature.
2) The button for the hot water flow rate controller was set to automatic and to 1litre/min
3) The heat exchanger was powered on until it stabilized.
4) The cold-water control valve was adjusted to 75%.
5) Ten sample results were collected.
6) Cold water flow rate was adjusted to 2litre/min allowed the temperature to stabilize then other ten sample
results were collected.
7) The procedure was repeated for 3 litres/min flow rate and other ten sample results collected.

RESULTS

1litre/min

Samp Te Te Te Te Te Temp Speci Speci Hot Cold Hot Col Heat Heat Heat Overall
le mp mp mp mp mp fic fic Fluid Fluid Ma d Pow Power Pow
Num T6 Heat Heat Chan Chan ss Ma er absor er Efficie
ber T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 [°C] Hot Cold ge ge Flo ss emitt bed lost ncy
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] Fluid Fluid Thot Tcold w Flo ed Qa Qf
Cph Cpc [°C] Rat w Qe [W] [W] [%]
[kJ/k [kJ/k [°C] e Rat [W]
g K] g K] qm e
 qm
h
c
[kg/
[kg/
s]
s]
70. 62. 54. 21. 23. 0.0 0.0
1 4 3 9 3 7 27.1 4.185 4.180 15.6 5.8 17 36
70. 62. 54. 21. 23. 0.0 0.0
2 6 5 9 0 4 26.7 4.185 4.180 15.6 5.7 16 37
70. 62. 55. 20. 23. 0.0 0.0
3 3 4 2 9 3 26.6 4.185 4.180 15.1 5.6 16 37
69. 61. 54. 21. 23. 0.0 0.0
4 3 7 6 0 2 26.5 4.185 4.180 14.7 5.6 17 37
68. 60. 54. 21. 23. 0.0 0.0 Hidd Hidd
5 5 9 0 1 3 26.5 4.185 4.180 14.5 5.4 15 38 en Hidden en Hidden
67. 60. 53. 21. 23. 0.0 0.0
6 6 2 4 2 4 26.4 4.184 4.180 14.2 5.2 16 35
67. 59. 52. 21. 23. 0.0 0.0
7 1 7 9 3 3 26.3 4.184 4.180 14.1 5.0 17 35
66. 59. 52. 21. 23. 0.0 0.0
8 7 2 7 5 3 26.2 4.184 4.180 13.9 4.7 17 37
66. 59. 52. 21. 23. 0.0 0.0
9 4 0 4 4 4 26.3 4.184 4.180 14.0 4.9 15 37
66. 58. 52. 21. 23. 0.0 0.0
10 2 9 4 4 5 26.2 4.184 4.180 13.7 4.8 19 37
AVERA 0.0 0.0
GE 4.185 4.180 14.6 5.3 17 37 1.0 0.8 0.2 80.5
2litre/min
Samp Te Te Te Te Te Temp Speci Speci Hot Cold Hot Col Heat Heat Heat Overall
le mp mp mp mp mp fic fic Fluid Fluid Ma d Pow Power Pow
Num T6 Heat Heat Chan Chan ss Ma er absor er Efficie
ber T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 [°C] Hot Cold ge ge Flo ss emitt bed lost ncy
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] Fluid Fluid Thot Tcold w Flo ed Qa Qf
Cph Cpc [°C] Rat w Qe [W] [W] [%]
[kJ/k [kJ/k [°C] e Rat [W]
g K] g K] qm e
h qm
[kg/ c
s] [kg/
 s]
66. 61. 57. 21. 25. 0.0 0.0
1 4 8 1 6 6 30.2 4.185 4.179 9.3 8.5 32 34
65. 61. 56. 21. 25. 0.0 0.0
2 6 0 3 5 3 29.5 4.185 4.179 9.3 8.0 32 37
64. 59. 55. 21. 25. 0.0 0.0
3 3 8 5 5 0 29.0 4.184 4.179 8.8 7.5 32 36
63. 58. 54. 21. 24. 0.0 0.0
4 2 6 3 4 8 28.8 4.184 4.179 8.9 7.4 32 37
62. 57. 53. 21. 24. 0.0 0.0 Hidd Hidd
5 2 9 7 4 7 28.6 4.183 4.179 8.5 7.2 33 34 en Hidden en Hidden
61. 57. 53. 21. 24. 0.0 0.0
6 6 3 2 4 7 28.5 4.183 4.179 8.4 7.1 31 36
61. 57. 52. 21. 24. 0.0 0.0
7 2 1 8 4 7 28.4 4.183 4.179 8.4 7.0 32 35
61. 56. 52. 21. 24. 0.0 0.0
8 3 9 8 4 7 28.4 4.183 4.179 8.5 7.0 33 36
61. 57. 53. 21. 24. 0.0 0.0
9 3 1 0 5 8 28.4 4.183 4.179 8.3 7.0 34 35
61. 57. 52. 21. 24. 0.0 0.0
10 6 2 9 5 7 28.4 4.183 4.179 8.6 6.9 29 36
AVERA 0.0 0.0
GE 4.184 4.179 8.7 7.4 32 36 1.2 1.1 0.1 94.0
3litre/min
Samp Tem Tem Tem Tem Tem Temp Specif Specifi Hot Cold Hot Cold Heat Heat Heat Overal
le p p p p p ic c Heat Fluid Fluid Mass Mass Powe Powe Powe l
Num T6 Heat Cold Chang Chan Flow Flow r r r Efficie
ber T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 [°C] Hot Fluid e ge Rate Rate emitt absor lost ncy
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] Fluid Cpc Thot Tcold qmh qmc ed bed Qf
Cph [kJ/kg [°C] [°C] [kg/s] [kg/s] Qe Qa [W] [%]
[kJ/kg K] [W] [W]
K]
1 65.2 61.8 58.5 22.2 27.1 32.9 4.185 4.179 6.7 10.7 0.046 0.037
2 64.3 61.0 57.7 21.9 26.5 31.5 4.185 4.179 6.5 9.5 0.050 0.033
3 63.2 59.8 56.5 21.7 26.1 30.8 4.184 4.179 6.7 9.1 0.051 0.037
4 62.1 58.9 55.7 21.9 26.0 30.4 4.184 4.179 6.5 8.6 0.048 0.035
5 61.6 58.5 55.3 22.0 26.0 30.4 4.183 4.179 6.4 8.4 0.050 0.034 Hidde Hidde Hidde Hidden
 n n n
6 61.4 58.3 55.1 21.9 26.0 30.1 4.183 4.179 6.3 8.2 0.050 0.036
7 61.0 57.9 54.6 22.0 25.9 30.2 4.183 4.179 6.4 8.2 0.048 0.034
8 61.1 58.0 54.8 22.0 26.1 30.2 4.183 4.179 6.3 8.2 0.048 0.035
9 61.9 58.5 55.2 22.0 26.0 30.3 4.184 4.179 6.6 8.2 0.052 0.037
10 61.7 58.5 55.3 22.0 26.0 30.4 4.183 4.179 6.4 8.3 0.047 0.034
AVER 4.184 4.179 6.5 8.8 0.049 0.035 1.33 1.29 0.04 96.79
AGE

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

The change in temperature for hot water decreased with increase in flow rate while change in temperature increased for the cold water with
increase in flow rate.

Qe was not equal to Qa but almost equal to the theoretical derivation Qa=Qe .this could be due to human errors during data collection and the
environmental effects.

The heat power emitted was almost equal to the heat absorbed .