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Assignment - 04 (Solution)
Zeeman Effect
Solution 1: E   B B

hv  hc /  2  B B

hc (6.63 1034 )(3 108 )(1.7 1012 )

B   0.3T
B  2 9.17 1024 350 109 
2

Solution 2: E   B Bm   B B (because m  1)

 (9.27 1024 )(1.0)  9.27 1024 J  5.79 105 eV .

The splitting of the levels by equal amount in the presence of magnetic field is called
normal Zeeman effect.
f  E / h  5.79 105 1.6 1019 / 6.625 1034  1.398 1010 c / s
1 1 2
Solution 3: For the term 2P1/ 2 , l  1, j  , s  and g  .
2 2 3
1 1
For the term 2S1/ 2 , l  0 , j  , s  and g  2 . The energy levels and splitting of
2 2
the lines in the sodium are shown in figure.
m j 1/ 2 gm j
1/ 3
2
P1/ 2
1/ 3
1/ 2
Selection rule for
m j is m j  0, 1
1
D
1/ 2
1
2
S1/ 2
1
1/ 2
Solution 4: Lande’g-factor is
j ( j  1)  s( s  1)  l (l  1)
g  1
2 j ( j  1)
3 1 4
For the term 2 P3/ 2 , l  1, j  , s  and g 
2 2 3

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1 1
For 2 S1/ 2,l  0, j  , s  and g  2
2 2

m j  3/ 2 gm j
2
1/ 2 2/3
2
P3/ 2 1/ 2
2 / 3
3/ 2 2

D2

1/ 2
2 1
S1/ 2
1
1/ 2

Solution 5: The energy level of an atom will be shifted in an external magnetic field B by
E  m j g B B

Where g is the Lande factor, mJ is the component of the total angular momentum along

the direction of the magnetic field B . The shifts are only 5 105 eV even in a magnetic
field as strong as 1 T.
(a) 32 P1/ 2 is higher than 22 S1/ 2 (energy difference 1 eV ), because the principal

1
quantum number of the former is larger. Of the 2 S1/ 2 states the one with mJ   lies
2
lowest.
(b) The states with mJ  1/ 2 of 2 S 1 / 2 lies lowest. The difference of energy between 2 S

and 2 P is mainly caused by orbital penetration and is of the order 1 eV .

(c) Which of the states 2 P3/ 2 and 2 S1/ 2 has the lowest energy will depend on the intensity

of the external magnetic field. If the external magnetic would cause a split larger than that
due to LS-coupling, then the state with mJ  3 / 2 of 2
P3/ 2 is lowest. Conversely,

mJ  1/ 2 of 2P1/ 2 is lowest.

(d) The sub-state with mJ  3 / 2 of 2 P3/ 2 is lowest.

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Solution 6: (a) The energy shift in an external magnetic field B is

E  g  B B .

The energy level of J  0 is not split. Hence the splitting of the line due to the transition
J  1  J  0 is equal to the splitting of J  1 level:

E ( J  1)  hc  hc ,
2
hc  0 0
or g with   0.0016 A ,   1849 A  1849 108 cm ,
B B  2

hc  4  105 eV  cm , B  5.8 109 eV  Gs 1 , B  103 Gs ,

We find g 1
As J  1 , this indicates that S  0, L  1, i.e., only the orbital magnetic moment
contributes to the Zeeman splitting.
(b) The magnetic moment of the excited is
J
 j  g B  g  B  J ( J  1)  1 B  J ( J  1)  2 B

Solution 7: In a weak magnetic field, each energy level of 3 P1 , 3 S1 and 1 P1 is split into three

levels. From the selection rules (J  0, 1; M J  0, 1) , we see that the transition

(1s3s ) 1S0  (1s 2 p ) 1P1 gives rise to three spectral lines; the transition

(1s3s ) 3S1  (1s 2 p ) 3P1 gives rise to six spectral lines, as shown in figure.

(1s3s )1 S0 MJ MJ
0 1
(1s3s )3 S1
0
1

1 1
1s2 p  1P1 (1s 2 p ) 1P1
0
0
1 1

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Solution 8: (a) The spectra with and without magnetic field are shown in figure

mj gm j
3/ 2 2
1/ 2 2/3

1/ 2 2 / 3
3 / 2 2

5890

1/ 2 1/ 3
1/ 2 1/ 3

5896
1/ 2 1

1/ 2 1
     
without magnetic field without magnetic field


(i) Before the magnetic field is introduced, two lines can be observed with wavelength
0 0
5896 A and 5890 A in all directions.
(ii) After introducing the magnetic field, we can observe 6 lines in the direction of the
field and 10 lines, 4 lines and 6 lines in a direction perpendicular to the field.
(iii) The  lines are pairs of the left and right circularly polarized light. The  lines are
plane polarized light.
(b) The splitting of the spectrum arises from quantization of the direction of the total
angular momentum. The number of split components is determined by the selection rule
(M J  1, 0, 1) of the transition, while the state of polarization is determined by the

conservation of the angular momentum.

(c) The difference in wave number of two nearest line is
g1  g 2  B B 1 1 
v    
hc 1 2 2
Where g1 , g 2 are Lande splitting factors of the higher and lower energy levels. Hence the

magnetic field strength required is of the order

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hc 12 105 108 105

B    0.3T .
g1  g2 B  2 1 6 105 6000


Here, hc  12 105 eV-cm, g1  g 2  1,  105

B  6 105 ,   6000 108 cm
Solution 9: The separation of the Zeeman components is
eB
v 
4 m

Since v  c /  , v  c , and so, disregarding the minus sign,
2
 2 v eB 2 (1.60 1019 C )(0.300T )(4.50 107 m) 2
   
c 4 mc (4 )(9.111031 kg )(3.00 108 m / s)

 2.83 1012 m  0.00283nm

Solution 10: Expressing the difference in energy levels as

1 1 
E  2 B B  hc    ; solving for B ,
 1 2 

hc 1 1  1.24 106 eV-m  1 1 

B         18.5T
2B 
 1 2  2  5.79  10 5
eV/T  589.0  10 9
m 589.6  10 9
m 

Solution 11: (a) E  2sz B  2B B  2(5.79 105 eV/T)  1.39 104 eV

(b) The wavelengths of the radiation that corresponds to the energy is

hc 1.24 106 eV-m
   8.93mm
E 1.39 104 eV
Solution 12:
(i) 2 P3/ 2  2 S1/ 2

1
No. of  -components  2 J  1  2   1  2
2
No. of Zeeman components  3  3 2  6

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(ii) 2 D3/ 2  2P3/ 2

No: of  -components  2J 1  2  3/ 2 1  4
No: of Zeeman components  3   2  3 4  2  10
(iii) 2 D5 / 2  2P3/ 2

No: of  -components  2J 1  2  3/ 2 1  4
No: of Zeeman components  3  12
(iv) 2 F7 / 2  2D5/ 2

No: of  -components  2J 1  2  5/ 2 1  6
No: of Zeeman components  3  18
(v) 2 F5 / 2  2D5 / 2

No: of  -components  2J 1  2  5/ 2 1  6
No: of Zeeman components  3   2  3 6  2  16
(vi) 3D2  3P1

No: of  -components  2J  1  2 1  1  3
No: of Zeeman components  3  9
(vii) 3 D1  3P1

No: of  -components  2J  2 1  2
No: of Zeeman components  3  6
(viii) 1 F3  1 D2
Since 2S  1  1  S  0
This is the case of normal Zeeman effect. Therefore, total number of Zeeman
components are 3 .
(ix) 2 F  2 D
Since J is not valid quantum number. This is the case of anomalous Zeeman
effect. No. of Zeeman components are 3
(x) 3 F  3 D
This is the case of anomalous Zeeman effect. Therefore, the number of
Zeeman component are 3.

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Solution 13:
intensity of D1 lines 2J2 1 2  3 / 2 1 4 2 I ( D1 ) 2
     
intensity of D2 lines 2 J1  1 2 1/ 2  1 2 1 I ( D2 ) 1

2
P3/ 2
D1 2
P1/ 2
D2
2
S1/ 2

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